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Dann Framework

A Question-First Software Development Framework for Solo Developers

Principle: If you can’t answer the question clearly, don’t code it yet.

PHASE 1 — Project Planning & Problem Definition

1.1 Problem Statement

Questions

  • What problem am I solving?
  • Who experiences this problem?
  • How often does the problem occur?
  • Why is this problem worth solving?
  • What happens if this problem remains unsolved?

Suggested Answer Guide

“Users struggle with ___ because ___. This causes ___ and results in ___.”

1.2 Target Users

Questions

  • Who are the primary users?
  • Are there secondary users or admins?
  • What is their technical skill level (This refers to how comfortable users are with technology and digital platforms.) ?
  • What devices do they commonly use?

Suggested Answer Guide

“Primary users are ___ with ___ level of technical skill, mostly using ___ devices.”

1.3 Project Goals (Version 1 Focus)

Questions

  • What is the single most important outcome?
  • What must the system do perfectly?
  • What can be ignored for now?

Suggested Answer Guide

“Version 1 succeeds if users can ___ without ___.”

1.4 Competition & Market Scan

Questions

  • What existing solutions exist?
  • What features do they offer?
  • What do users complain about?
  • What feature is missing or poorly done?

Suggested Answer Guide

“Competitors solve ___ but fail at ___. My project focuses on ___.”

1.5 Feature Definition & Scope Control

Questions

  • What are MUST-HAVE features?
  • What are NICE-TO-HAVE features?
  • What features are explicitly excluded?

Suggested Answer Guide

MUST: Authentication, core workflow NICE: Analytics, themes OUT: AI, mobile app (Version 1)

1.6 Platform & Project Type

Questions

  • Is this a website by default?
  • Will it expand to mobile, AI, or robotics?
  • Does it require real-time processing?
  • Does it integrate with hardware?

Suggested Answer Guide

“Version 1 is a web application; mobile is planned for Version 4.”

1.7 User Requirements

Questions

  • What actions can users perform?
  • What actions are restricted?
  • What errors must be user-friendly?
  • Accessibility needs?

1.8 System Requirements

Questions

  • Expected number of users?
  • Response time expectations?
  • Availability requirements?
  • Storage needs?

Suggested Answer Guide

“System should support 1k users with <500ms response time.”

1.9 Software Evolution Roadmap

Questions

  • What is Version 1?
  • What improves in Version 2?
  • When does AI appear?
  • When does mobile appear?

Suggested Answer Guide

  • V1: Core functionality
  • V2: UI/UX
  • V3: AI / automation
  • V4: Mobile app

1.10 Monetization Strategy

Questions

  • Does this web/app have premium features?
  • Is it free?
  • Does it run ads?

Suggested Answer Guide

“The app is ___ (free/paid/ads-supported). Premium features include ___.”

PHASE 2 — Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

2.1 Functional Requirements

Questions

  • What functions must exist?
  • What triggers each function?
  • What output is produced?

Example

“The system shall allow users to register using email and password.”

2.2 Non-Functional Requirements

Questions

  • Performance limits?
  • Security level?
  • Scalability needs?
  • Usability expectations?

2.3 Technical Requirements

Questions

  • Preferred programming languages?
  • Frameworks?
  • Database type?
  • APIs required?

2.4 Constraints

Questions

  • Time limit?
  • Budget?
  • Skill limitations?
  • Legal/compliance?

2.5 Acceptance Criteria

Questions

  • How do we know this feature works?
  • What test confirms success?

Example

“Login is successful when user reaches dashboard within 1 second.”

2.6 Tech Stack Selection

Questions

  • Frontend: Next.js (Primary), React, Vue.js, Svelte?
  • Backend as a Service (BaaS): Supabase (Primary), Firebase?
  • Custom Backend (Optional): FastAPI, Node.js (Express), Serverless Functions?
  • Database: PostgreSQL (via Supabase), other SQL/NoSQL?
  • Hosting: Vercel (for Next.js), Render, Fly.io, AWS (EC2/ECS/Lambda)?
  • Domain & DNS (If Web):

Suggested Guide

Recommended Baseline for Solo/Startup: Next.js (Frontend) + Supabase (BaaS for Database, Auth, Storage). Consider FastAPI: If complex, custom Python backend logic is required beyond what a BaaS provides. Start simple, leverage managed services for speed. Focus on core features first.

2.7 Security Design (Service-Oriented)

Questions

  • Auth method (e.g., Supabase Auth, OAuth)?
  • Role-based access control?
  • Encryption strategy (data in transit, data at rest)?
  • Secrets management (e.g., environment variables, external secret stores)?
  • What to include in .env files?
  • Backup and recovery plan?

Suggested Guide

Leverage established BaaS security features (like Supabase Auth and RLS). For custom backend, implement robust authentication and authorization. Use environment variables for non-sensitive config and dedicated secret management tools for sensitive credentials.

2.8 Environment Variables (.env) Questionnaire

Questions

  • What environment variables are required for the application (e.g., API keys, database URLs, ports)?
  • Which variables contain sensitive information (secrets) that should not be committed to version control?
  • How will .env files be managed for different environments (development, staging, production)?
  • What is the process for sharing .env templates or examples without exposing secrets?

Suggested Answer Guide

“Required variables include ___ (e.g., SUPABASE_URL, SUPABASE_ANON_KEY, API_KEY). Sensitive variables are ___ and will be securely managed (e.g., through your hosting provider's secret management for production like Vercel's Environment Variables, or a dedicated secret management tool). Use .env.example for templates, and document setup in README.”

PHASE 3 — Software Design

3.1 High-Level Design (HLD)

Questions

  • What architecture style?
  • What are major modules?
  • How does data flow?

3.2 Low-Level Design (LLD)

Questions

  • Class structures?
  • Database schema?
  • API endpoints?
  • Core algorithms?
  • Pseudocode for logic?

PHASE 4 — System Modeling (UML)

4.1 Context Model

System Context Diagram (Input, Process, Output arrows and System at the center) Question: Who interacts with what?

4.2 Interaction Model

Sequence Diagram Question: What happens step-by-step?

4.3 Structural Model

Class Diagram / ER Diagram Question: How is data structured?

4.4 Behavioral Model

State Machine Diagram Question: How does state change over time?

PHASE 5 — SDLC Strategy

5.1 SDLC Selection

Questions

  • Is the scope stable?
  • Is feedback frequent?
  • Is risk high?

Suggested Guide

Solo Dev Default: Waterfall planning + Agile development + Incremental releases

PHASE 6 — Deployment, Operations & Cost

6.1 Deployment Strategy

Questions

  • Manual or automated?
  • Environments?
  • Rollback strategy?

6.2 CI/CD Pipeline

Questions

  • When do builds trigger?
  • Automated tests?
  • Deployment automation?

Suggested Guide

GitHub Actions → Vercel (for Next.js) / Other hosting platforms

6.3 Monitoring & Logging

Questions

  • What metrics matter?
  • Error tracking?
  • Alerting rules?

Suggested Guide

CloudWatch + logs + alarms

6.4 Cost Estimation (Cloud/SaaS)

Questions

  • Monthly cost (for hosting, BaaS, etc.)?
  • Cost per user?
  • Budget alerts?

Suggested Guide

Monitor costs through your chosen cloud/SaaS providers (e.g., Vercel, Supabase, Render) and set up their native budget alerts.

PHASE 7 — Maintenance & Sustainability

7.1 Technical Debt Plan

Questions

  • What shortcuts exist?
  • When will they be fixed?

7.2 Documentation Strategy

Questions

  • README completeness?
  • API docs?
  • Architecture docs?
  • Setup instructions?

7.3 Exit or Handover Plan

Questions

  • Can another dev run this?
  • Are credentials transferable?
  • Is infra reproducible?
  • Can project be paused or sold?

PHASE 8 — Final Review Checklist

  • Problem is clear
  • Scope is controlled
  • Version 1 is minimal
  • Costs are known
  • Security is planned
  • Future is mapped

Recommended Project Structure for Solo Developers (Next.js, Supabase, Optional FastAPI)

To maintain consistency across projects and provide clarity for solo developers, this structure is tailored for a Next.js frontend leveraging Supabase for backend services, with an optional dedicated FastAPI backend. It aligns with the Dann Framework's phases.

.
├── .env.example
├── .gitignore
├── README.md
├── docs
│   ├── api_docs
│   │   └── README.md
│   ├── Calendar.md
│   ├── DannFramework_docs
│   │   ├── Phase 1: Project Planning & Problem Definition.md
│   │   ├── Phase 2: Software Requirements Specification (SRS).md
│   │   ├── Phase 3: Software Design.md
│   │   ├── Phase 4: System Modeling (UML).md
│   │   ├── Phase 5: SDLC Strategy.md
│   │   ├── Phase 6: Deployment, Operations & Cost.md
│   │   ├── Phase 7: Maintenance & Sustainability.md
│   │   └── Phase 8: Final Review Checklist.md
│   ├── git_commit_format.md
│   └── Versions
│       ├── Changelog
│       ├── README.md
│       ├── Version 1.md
│       └── Version 2.md
├── nextjs-app
│   ├── .env.local.example
│   ├── .eslintrc.json
│   ├── .gitignore
│   ├── next.config.mjs
│   ├── package.json
│   ├── postcss.config.js
│   ├── public
│   ├── src
│   │   ├── app                # Next.js App Router (pages, API routes)
│   │   │   ├── api
│   │   │   └── (auth)         # Example for auth routes/middleware
│   │   ├── components
│   │   ├── lib                # Utility functions, Supabase client setup
│   │   ├── styles
│   │   └── types
│   ├── tailwind.config.ts
│   ├── tsconfig.json
│   └── yarn.lock # or package-lock.json
├── (optional-fastapi-backend)
│   ├── app
│   │   ├── api
│   │   ├── core
│   │   ├── crud
│   │   ├── main.py
│   │   └── models
│   ├── requirements.txt # or pyproject.toml
│   └── tests
└── Dockerfile # For optional-fastapi-backend

Folder Descriptions

  • .env.example / .env.local.example: Templates for environment variables to ensure consistent setup across environments.
  • docs/: Comprehensive documentation, including API documentation and specific phase documents from the Dann Framework.
  • nextjs-app/: The main Next.js application, serving as the frontend and potentially containing API routes for basic backend functionalities.
    • src/app/: Next.js App Router specific files.
      • api/: Next.js API routes (e.g., for server-side logic, interacting with external APIs, or proxying requests).
      • (auth)/: Example grouping for authentication-related routes or middleware.
    • src/components/: Reusable UI components.
    • src/lib/: Client-side logic, Supabase client initialization, and utility functions.
    • src/styles/: Global styles and styling configurations.
    • src/types/: TypeScript type definitions.
  • (optional-fastapi-backend)/: This directory is included if a dedicated FastAPI backend is necessary for complex, custom logic not efficiently handled by Supabase or Next.js API routes.
    • app/: The core FastAPI application.
      • api/: FastAPI endpoint definitions.
      • core/: Core configurations and utilities for FastAPI.
      • crud/: Database CRUD operations (if FastAPI manages a separate database or complex interactions).
      • main.py: The main FastAPI application entry point.
      • models/: FastAPI data models (e.g., Pydantic).
    • requirements.txt / pyproject.toml: Python dependency management.
    • tests/: Backend unit and integration tests.
  • Dockerfile: For containerizing the optional FastAPI backend for deployment, if used. This would be located in the optional-fastapi-backend directory, or at the root if a Docker Compose setup is preferred.

This structure allows for a clear separation of concerns, flexibility to scale, and easy integration of additional services while keeping the core development experience focused on Next.js and Supabase for most common use cases.

This structure ensures familiarity and organization across all projects, aligning with the Dann Framework's emphasis on clarity and planning.

Dann Framework Law

Code is cheap. Clarity is expensive. Pay for clarity first.