diff --git a/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.test.tsx b/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95bed2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { StrictMode } from 'react'
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
+import '@testing-library/jest-dom'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import type { ProviderPreset } from '../../types/providerPreset'
+
+const providersApiMock = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  presets: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../../api/providers', () => ({
+  providersApi: providersApiMock,
+}))
+
+import { useProviderStore } from '../../stores/providerStore'
+import { ProviderOnboarding } from './ProviderOnboarding'
+
+const dreamfieldPreset: ProviderPreset = {
+  id: 'dreamfield',
+  name: 'DreamField',
+  baseUrl: 'https://example.invalid/api',
+  apiFormat: 'anthropic',
+  defaultModels: {
+    main: 'dreamfield-main',
+    haiku: '',
+    sonnet: '',
+    opus: '',
+  },
+  needsApiKey: true,
+  websiteUrl: 'https://example.invalid',
+}
+
+describe('ProviderOnboarding', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    useProviderStore.setState({
+      providers: [],
+      activeId: null,
+      hasLoadedProviders: true,
+      presets: [],
+      isLoading: false,
+      isPresetsLoading: false,
+      error: null,
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('loads presets once after mounting and advances past the loading screen', async () => {
+    providersApiMock.presets.mockResolvedValue({ presets: [dreamfieldPreset] })
+
+    render(
+      <StrictMode>
+        <ProviderOnboarding />
+      </StrictMode>,
+    )
+
+    expect(await screen.findByRole('textbox', { name: /^API Key/ })).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(providersApiMock.presets).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('does not refetch presets that are already available', () => {
+    useProviderStore.setState({ presets: [dreamfieldPreset] })
+
+    render(
+      <StrictMode>
+        <ProviderOnboarding />
+      </StrictMode>,
+    )
+
+    expect(screen.getByRole('textbox', { name: /^API Key/ })).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(providersApiMock.presets).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('shows an error with a retry button when preset loading fails, and recovers on retry', async () => {
+    providersApiMock.presets
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('network down'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ presets: [dreamfieldPreset] })
+
+    render(
+      <StrictMode>
+        <ProviderOnboarding />
+      </StrictMode>,
+    )
+
+    const retryButton = await screen.findByRole('button', { name: '重试' })
+    expect(screen.getByText(/network down/)).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+    fireEvent.click(retryButton)
+
+    expect(await screen.findByRole('textbox', { name: /^API Key/ })).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(providersApiMock.presets).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.tsx b/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.tsx
index 81102de..0a900ef 100644
--- a/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.tsx
+++ b/desktop/src/components/onboarding/ProviderOnboarding.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useState } from 'react'
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { useProviderStore } from '../../stores/providerStore'
 import { useSettingsStore } from '../../stores/settingsStore'
 import { Input } from '../shared/Input'
@@ -6,14 +6,30 @@ import { Button } from '../shared/Button'
 import { DreamCoderIcon } from '../shared/DreamCoderIcon'
 
 export function ProviderOnboarding() {
-  const { presets, createProvider, activateProvider, fetchPresets } = useProviderStore()
+  const { presets, error, isPresetsLoading, createProvider, activateProvider, fetchPresets } = useProviderStore()
   const setOnboardingCompleted = useSettingsStore((s) => s.setOnboardingCompleted)
   const fetchSettings = useSettingsStore((s) => s.fetchAll)
   const [apiKey, setApiKey] = useState('')
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
+  const requestedPresetsRef = useRef(false)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (presets.length > 0 || requestedPresetsRef.current) return
+    requestedPresetsRef.current = true
+    void fetchPresets()
+  }, [fetchPresets, presets.length])
 
   if (presets.length === 0) {
-    fetchPresets()
+    // fetchPresets 失败只会写入 store 的 error，这里必须给出重试入口，
+    // 否则全新 profile 会永远停在加载动画上（issue #40 的遗留场景）。
+    if (error && !isPresetsLoading) {
+      return (
+        <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-4 bg-[var(--color-surface)]">
+          <p className="max-w-md px-8 text-center text-sm text-[var(--color-error)]">预设加载失败：{error}</p>
+          <Button onClick={() => void fetchPresets()}>重试</Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
     return (
       <div className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center bg-[var(--color-surface)]">
         <div className="animate-spin w-5 h-5 border-2 border-[var(--color-brand)] border-t-transparent rounded-full" />