Drop support for C++17 #1950

Job	Run time
Check codespell conformance	15s
Check Docker image (Debug)	1m 15s
Check Docker image (Release)	1m 13s
Check src clang-format conformance	27s
Check tests clang-format conformance	16s
Build Debug with g++-11	1m 4s
Build Debug with g++-10	1m 6s
Build Debug with clang-21	47s
Build Debug with clang-19	46s
Build Release with g++-10	1m 3s
Build Debug with clang-17	1m 4s
Build Debug with g++-15	1s
Build Debug with g++-12	1m 3s
Build Debug with clang-20	1m 4s
Build Debug with g++-14	58s
Build Release with g++-12	1m 3s
Build Debug with g++-13	1s
Build Debug with clang-18	1m 5s
Build Release with g++-14	1m 3s
Build Release with clang-21	55s
Build Release with clang-20	1s
Build Release with clang-17	1m 3s
Build Release with g++-13	36s
Build Release with g++-15	48s
Build Release with g++-11	1m 5s
Build Release with clang-18	1m 3s
Build Release with clang-19	1s
Codecov report upload	0s
	21m 6s

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