diff --git a/backend/app/public_api.py b/backend/app/public_api.py
index d8eed3c..d7f7e7c 100644
--- a/backend/app/public_api.py
+++ b/backend/app/public_api.py
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
 import json
 import logging
 import tempfile
+import threading
 import time
 import uuid
 from collections import defaultdict
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Annotated
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 from urllib.request import Request as UrlRequest
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 
@@ -58,6 +59,21 @@ class PublicExportResponse(BaseModel):
     expires_at: datetime
 
 
+PublicExportJobStatus = Literal["running", "done", "failed", "canceled"]
+
+
+class PublicExportJobResponse(BaseModel):
+    job_id: str
+    export_id: str
+    status: PublicExportJobStatus
+    progress: int = 0
+    message: str = ""
+    download_url: str | None = None
+    report_url: str | None = None
+    expires_at: datetime
+    error_code: str | None = None
+
+
 def client_ip(request: Request) -> str:
     forwarded = request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for", "")
     if forwarded:
@@ -195,6 +211,85 @@ def public_export_docx(request: PublicExportDocxRequest) -> PublicExportResponse
     )
 
 
+@router.post("/export-jobs/docx", response_model=PublicExportJobResponse)
+def create_public_export_job(request: PublicExportDocxRequest) -> PublicExportJobResponse:
+    digest = thesis_digest(request.thesis.model_dump_json())
+    if not verify_export_token(request.export_token, digest):
+        raise AppError("EXPORT_TOKEN_INVALID", "导出凭证已失效，请重新预检后再导出。", status_code=403)
+
+    expires_at = datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None) + timedelta(seconds=PUBLIC_EXPORT_RETENTION_SECONDS)
+    job_id = f"job_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:16]}"
+    export_id = f"pub_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:16]}"
+    request_payload = {
+        "thesis": request.thesis.model_dump(mode="json"),
+        "export_token": request.export_token,
+    }
+    storage.put_bytes(_job_request_key(job_id), json.dumps(request_payload, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8"))
+    _write_job_meta(
+        job_id,
+        {
+            "job_id": job_id,
+            "export_id": export_id,
+            "status": "running",
+            "progress": 5,
+            "message": "导出任务已创建。",
+            "download_url": None,
+            "report_url": None,
+            "expires_at": expires_at.isoformat(),
+            "error_code": None,
+            "cancel_requested": False,
+        },
+    )
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=_run_public_export_job, args=(job_id,), daemon=True)
+    thread.start()
+    return _public_job_response(_read_job_meta(job_id))
+
+
+@router.get("/export-jobs/{job_id}", response_model=PublicExportJobResponse)
+def get_public_export_job(job_id: str) -> PublicExportJobResponse:
+    return _public_job_response(_read_job_meta(job_id))
+
+
+@router.post("/export-jobs/{job_id}/cancel", response_model=PublicExportJobResponse)
+def cancel_public_export_job(job_id: str) -> PublicExportJobResponse:
+    meta = _read_job_meta(job_id)
+    if meta["status"] in {"done", "failed", "canceled"}:
+        return _public_job_response(meta)
+    meta["cancel_requested"] = True
+    meta["status"] = "canceled"
+    meta["message"] = "导出已取消，可重新导出。"
+    meta["error_code"] = "EXPORT_CANCELED"
+    _write_job_meta(job_id, meta)
+    return _public_job_response(meta)
+
+
+@router.post("/export-jobs/{job_id}/retry", response_model=PublicExportJobResponse)
+def retry_public_export_job(job_id: str) -> PublicExportJobResponse:
+    meta = _read_job_meta(job_id)
+    if meta["status"] not in {"failed", "canceled"}:
+        raise AppError("EXPORT_JOB_NOT_RETRYABLE", "当前导出任务尚未进入可重试状态。", status_code=409)
+    payload = json.loads(storage.get_bytes(_job_request_key(job_id)).decode("utf-8"))
+    thesis = NormalizedThesis.model_validate(payload["thesis"])
+    digest = thesis_digest(thesis.model_dump_json())
+    if not verify_export_token(payload["export_token"], digest):
+        raise AppError("EXPORT_TOKEN_INVALID", "导出凭证已失效，请重新预检后再导出。", status_code=403)
+    meta.update(
+        {
+            "status": "running",
+            "progress": 5,
+            "message": "正在重新导出。",
+            "download_url": None,
+            "report_url": None,
+            "error_code": None,
+            "cancel_requested": False,
+        }
+    )
+    _write_job_meta(job_id, meta)
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=_run_public_export_job, args=(job_id,), daemon=True)
+    thread.start()
+    return _public_job_response(meta)
+
+
 @router.get("/exports/{export_id}/download")
 def download_public_export(export_id: str) -> Response:
     meta = _read_valid_meta(export_id)
@@ -240,3 +335,119 @@ def _read_valid_meta(export_id: str) -> dict:
         storage.delete_prefix(f"public/exports/{export_id}")
         raise AppError("EXPORT_EXPIRED", "导出文件已超过 30 分钟保留期，请重新生成。", status_code=410)
     return meta
+
+
+def _job_meta_key(job_id: str) -> str:
+    return f"public/export-jobs/{job_id}/meta.json"
+
+
+def _job_request_key(job_id: str) -> str:
+    return f"public/export-jobs/{job_id}/request.json"
+
+
+def _write_job_meta(job_id: str, meta: dict) -> None:
+    storage.put_bytes(_job_meta_key(job_id), json.dumps(meta, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8"))
+
+
+def _read_job_meta(job_id: str) -> dict:
+    try:
+        meta = json.loads(storage.get_bytes(_job_meta_key(job_id)).decode("utf-8"))
+    except FileNotFoundError as exc:
+        raise AppError("EXPORT_JOB_NOT_FOUND", "导出任务不存在或已删除。", status_code=404) from exc
+    expires_at = datetime.fromisoformat(meta["expires_at"])
+    if expires_at < datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None):
+        storage.delete_prefix(f"public/export-jobs/{job_id}")
+        if meta.get("export_id"):
+            storage.delete_prefix(f"public/exports/{meta['export_id']}")
+        raise AppError("EXPORT_EXPIRED", "导出任务已超过 30 分钟保留期，请重新生成。", status_code=410)
+    return meta
+
+
+def _public_job_response(meta: dict) -> PublicExportJobResponse:
+    return PublicExportJobResponse(
+        job_id=meta["job_id"],
+        export_id=meta["export_id"],
+        status=meta["status"],
+        progress=max(0, min(100, int(meta.get("progress", 0)))),
+        message=meta.get("message", ""),
+        download_url=meta.get("download_url"),
+        report_url=meta.get("report_url"),
+        expires_at=datetime.fromisoformat(meta["expires_at"]),
+        error_code=meta.get("error_code"),
+    )
+
+
+def _job_cancel_requested(job_id: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        meta = _read_job_meta(job_id)
+    except AppError:
+        return True
+    return bool(meta.get("cancel_requested")) or meta.get("status") == "canceled"
+
+
+def _update_job(job_id: str, **patch: object) -> dict:
+    meta = _read_job_meta(job_id)
+    if meta.get("status") in {"done", "failed", "canceled"} and patch.get("status") not in {meta.get("status"), None}:
+        return meta
+    meta.update(patch)
+    _write_job_meta(job_id, meta)
+    return meta
+
+
+def _run_public_export_job(job_id: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        if _job_cancel_requested(job_id):
+            return
+        _update_job(job_id, progress=18, message="正在准备导出参数。")
+        payload = json.loads(storage.get_bytes(_job_request_key(job_id)).decode("utf-8"))
+        thesis = NormalizedThesis.model_validate(payload["thesis"])
+        digest = thesis_digest(thesis.model_dump_json())
+        if not verify_export_token(payload["export_token"], digest):
+            _update_job(
+                job_id,
+                status="failed",
+                progress=100,
+                message="导出凭证已失效，请重新预检后再导出。",
+                error_code="EXPORT_TOKEN_INVALID",
+            )
+            return
+        if _job_cancel_requested(job_id):
+            return
+        _update_job(job_id, progress=46, message="正在生成 Word 文件。")
+        payload_bytes = export_docx(thesis)
+        if _job_cancel_requested(job_id):
+            return
+        _update_job(job_id, progress=82, message="正在保存导出文件。")
+        meta = _read_job_meta(job_id)
+        expires_at = datetime.fromisoformat(meta["expires_at"])
+        export_id = meta["export_id"]
+        safe_title = (thesis.cover.title.strip() or "SC-TH-export").replace("/", "-")[:40]
+        filename = f"{safe_title}.docx"
+        docx_key = f"public/exports/{export_id}/{filename}"
+        report_key = f"public/exports/{export_id}/self-check-report.json"
+        storage.put_bytes(docx_key, payload_bytes)
+        storage.put_bytes(report_key, _public_report_payload(export_id, thesis, expires_at))
+        _write_meta(export_id, {"expires_at": expires_at.isoformat(), "docx_key": docx_key, "report_key": report_key, "filename": filename})
+        if _job_cancel_requested(job_id):
+            storage.delete_prefix(f"public/exports/{export_id}")
+            return
+        _update_job(
+            job_id,
+            status="done",
+            progress=100,
+            message="导出完成。",
+            download_url=f"/api/public/exports/{export_id}/download",
+            report_url=f"/api/public/exports/{export_id}/report",
+            error_code=None,
+        )
+    except AppError as exc:
+        try:
+            _update_job(job_id, status="failed", progress=100, message=exc.message, error_code=exc.code)
+        except AppError:
+            return
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception("public export job failed job_id=%s", job_id)
+        try:
+            _update_job(job_id, status="failed", progress=100, message="导出失败，请稍后重试。", error_code="EXPORT_FAILED")
+        except AppError:
+            return
diff --git a/backend/app/worker.py b/backend/app/worker.py
index b727bc2..81a1dee 100644
--- a/backend/app/worker.py
+++ b/backend/app/worker.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ def cleanup_expired_exports() -> int:
         db.commit()
     storage.delete_prefix("public/uploads")
     cleanup_public_exports()
+    cleanup_public_export_jobs()
     return deleted
 
 
@@ -50,11 +51,33 @@ def cleanup_public_exports() -> int:
     return deleted
 
 
+def cleanup_public_export_jobs() -> int:
+    storage_root = Path(os.getenv("SCNU_STORAGE_DIR", str(OUTPUTS_DIR / "storage")))
+    root = storage_root / "public" / "export-jobs"
+    if not root.exists():
+        return 0
+    now = datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
+    deleted = 0
+    for meta_path in root.glob("*/meta.json"):
+        try:
+            meta = json.loads(meta_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+            expires_at = datetime.fromisoformat(meta["expires_at"])
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+        if expires_at < now:
+            storage.delete_prefix(f"public/export-jobs/{meta_path.parent.name}")
+            if meta.get("export_id"):
+                storage.delete_prefix(f"public/exports/{meta['export_id']}")
+            deleted += 1
+    return deleted
+
+
 def main() -> None:
     init_db()
     print("SCNU Workbench worker ready. Queue integration is reserved for Celery/Redis jobs.")
     while True:
         cleanup_expired_exports()
+        cleanup_public_export_jobs()
         time.sleep(60)
 
 
diff --git a/docs/api.md b/docs/api.md
index 2f697e0..19a32b3 100644
--- a/docs/api.md
+++ b/docs/api.md
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ When `SCNU_ACCESS_CODE` is set, all `/api/*` routes require the access cookie ex
 - `POST /api/public/precheck/docx`
 - `POST /api/public/precheck/text`
 - `POST /api/public/exports/docx`
+- `POST /api/public/export-jobs/docx`
+- `GET /api/public/export-jobs/{id}`
+- `POST /api/public/export-jobs/{id}/cancel`
+- `POST /api/public/export-jobs/{id}/retry`
 - `GET /api/public/exports/{id}/download`
 - `GET /api/public/exports/{id}/report`
 - `GET /api/access-code/status`
@@ -54,6 +58,54 @@ JSON request:
 
 Returns a retained export with `download_url`, `report_url`, and `expires_at`. Public exports are kept for 30 minutes.
 
+This synchronous endpoint is retained for compatibility. The public UI uses the Job endpoints below.
+
+### `POST /api/public/export-jobs/docx`
+
+JSON request:
+
+```json
+{
+  "thesis": {},
+  "export_token": "..."
+}
+```
+
+Creates a background export job and returns:
+
+```json
+{
+  "job_id": "job_...",
+  "export_id": "pub_...",
+  "status": "running",
+  "progress": 5,
+  "message": "导出任务已创建。",
+  "download_url": null,
+  "report_url": null,
+  "expires_at": "2026-04-21T12:30:00",
+  "error_code": null
+}
+```
+
+Job status values:
+
+- `running`
+- `done`
+- `failed`
+- `canceled`
+
+### `GET /api/public/export-jobs/{id}`
+
+Returns the latest persisted job status. When `status=done`, `download_url` and `report_url` are available.
+
+### `POST /api/public/export-jobs/{id}/cancel`
+
+Requests cancellation and returns the persisted job status. Cancellation is cooperative: if the export has already completed, the completed state is returned.
+
+### `POST /api/public/export-jobs/{id}/retry`
+
+Retries a failed or canceled job with the original request payload while the original `export_token` remains valid.
+
 ### `GET /api/access-code/status`
 
 Returns:
diff --git a/tests/test_api.py b/tests/test_api.py
index 9183ae7..ccac124 100644
--- a/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/test_api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 from pathlib import Path
+import time
+from threading import Event
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 import io
 import json
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@
 
 from backend.app.main import app
 from backend.app.storage import storage
-from backend.app.worker import cleanup_public_exports
+from backend.app.worker import cleanup_public_export_jobs, cleanup_public_exports
 
 FIXTURE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "fixtures" / "sample-thesis.docx"
 
@@ -201,6 +203,62 @@ def test_public_docx_export_uses_token_and_retained_download():
         assert report.json()["export_id"] == payload["export_id"]
 
 
+def test_public_export_job_completes_and_serves_download():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        precheck = client.post(
+            "/api/public/precheck/text",
+            json={"text": "# 引言\n\n这是已有论文正文。" * 40, "privacy_accepted": True},
+        ).json()
+        job = client.post(
+            "/api/public/export-jobs/docx",
+            json={"thesis": precheck["thesis"], "export_token": precheck["export_token"]},
+        )
+        assert job.status_code == 200
+        job_payload = job.json()
+        assert job_payload["status"] in {"running", "done"}
+
+        deadline = time.time() + 3
+        while job_payload["status"] == "running" and time.time() < deadline:
+            time.sleep(0.05)
+            job_payload = client.get(f"/api/public/export-jobs/{job_payload['job_id']}").json()
+
+        assert job_payload["status"] == "done"
+        assert job_payload["progress"] == 100
+        download = client.get(job_payload["download_url"])
+        assert download.status_code == 200
+        assert download.headers["content-type"] == "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"
+
+
+def test_public_export_job_can_be_canceled(monkeypatch):
+    started = Event()
+    release = Event()
+
+    def slow_export(_thesis):
+        started.set()
+        release.wait(2)
+        return b"PK-slow-docx"
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("backend.app.public_api.export_docx", slow_export)
+
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        precheck = client.post(
+            "/api/public/precheck/text",
+            json={"text": "# 引言\n\n这是已有论文正文。" * 40, "privacy_accepted": True},
+        ).json()
+        job = client.post(
+            "/api/public/export-jobs/docx",
+            json={"thesis": precheck["thesis"], "export_token": precheck["export_token"]},
+        ).json()
+        assert started.wait(1)
+        canceled = client.post(f"/api/public/export-jobs/{job['job_id']}/cancel").json()
+        release.set()
+
+        assert canceled["status"] == "canceled"
+        assert canceled["error_code"] == "EXPORT_CANCELED"
+        final = client.get(f"/api/public/export-jobs/{job['job_id']}").json()
+        assert final["status"] == "canceled"
+
+
 def test_public_export_expiry_and_janitor_cleanup():
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         precheck = client.post(
@@ -221,6 +279,29 @@ def test_public_export_expiry_and_janitor_cleanup():
     assert not meta_path.exists()
 
 
+def test_public_export_job_expiry_cleanup():
+    job_id = "job_expired_cleanup"
+    export_id = "pub_expired_cleanup"
+    meta = {
+        "job_id": job_id,
+        "export_id": export_id,
+        "status": "done",
+        "progress": 100,
+        "message": "导出完成。",
+        "download_url": f"/api/public/exports/{export_id}/download",
+        "report_url": f"/api/public/exports/{export_id}/report",
+        "expires_at": (datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None) - timedelta(minutes=1)).isoformat(),
+        "error_code": None,
+        "cancel_requested": False,
+    }
+    storage.put_bytes(f"public/export-jobs/{job_id}/meta.json", json.dumps(meta).encode("utf-8"))
+    storage.put_bytes(f"public/exports/{export_id}/demo.docx", b"PK-expired")
+    meta_path = storage.root / "public" / "export-jobs" / job_id / "meta.json"
+
+    assert cleanup_public_export_jobs() == 1
+    assert not meta_path.exists()
+
+
 def test_export_docx_rejects_blocking_payload():
     payload = sample_payload()
     payload["body_sections"] = []
diff --git a/web/src/App.flow.test.tsx b/web/src/App.flow.test.tsx
index de79600..f4bd2eb 100644
--- a/web/src/App.flow.test.tsx
+++ b/web/src/App.flow.test.tsx
@@ -93,13 +93,18 @@ describe("App business flow", () => {
   });
 
   it("exports docx and resets after success", async () => {
+    let jobPollCount = 0;
     const fetchMock = mockFetch((input, init) => {
       const url = String(input);
       if (url.includes("/api/public/precheck/text")) {
         return jsonResponse(samplePrecheck({ thesis: sampleThesis() }));
       }
-      if (url.includes("/api/public/exports/docx")) {
-        return jsonResponse({ export_id: "pub_1", download_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/download", report_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/report", expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00" });
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/docx")) {
+        return jsonResponse({ job_id: "job_1", export_id: "pub_1", status: "running", progress: 46, message: "正在生成 Word 文件。", download_url: null, report_url: null, expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: null });
+      }
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/job_1")) {
+        jobPollCount += 1;
+        return jsonResponse({ job_id: "job_1", export_id: "pub_1", status: "done", progress: 100, message: "导出完成。", download_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/download", report_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/report", expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: null });
       }
       if (url.includes("/api/public/exports/pub_1/download")) {
         return jsonResponse({});
@@ -122,11 +127,12 @@ describe("App business flow", () => {
 
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "确认并导出" }));
 
-    expect(await screen.findByText("正在生成 Word 文件")).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(await screen.findByText(/正在生成 Word 文件/)).toBeInTheDocument();
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.queryByRole("dialog", { name: "导出前结构预检" })).not.toBeInTheDocument());
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByLabelText("论文正文输入框")).toHaveValue(""));
 
-    const exportCall = fetchMock.mock.calls.find(([input]) => String(input).includes("/api/public/exports/docx"));
+    expect(jobPollCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const exportCall = fetchMock.mock.calls.find(([input]) => String(input).includes("/api/public/export-jobs/docx"));
     expect(exportCall).toBeTruthy();
     const [, request] = exportCall as [RequestInfo | URL, RequestInit];
     const payload = JSON.parse(String(request.body));
@@ -171,9 +177,12 @@ describe("App business flow", () => {
       if (url.includes("/api/public/precheck/text")) {
         return jsonResponse(samplePrecheck({ thesis: sampleThesis() }));
       }
-      if (url.includes("/api/public/exports/docx")) {
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/docx")) {
         return exportDeferred.promise;
       }
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/job_1")) {
+        return jsonResponse({ job_id: "job_1", export_id: "pub_1", status: "done", progress: 100, message: "导出完成。", download_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/download", report_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/report", expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: null });
+      }
       if (url.includes("/api/public/exports/pub_1/download")) {
         return jsonResponse({});
       }
@@ -198,11 +207,55 @@ describe("App business flow", () => {
     const clickSpy = vi.spyOn(input, "click");
 
     await waitFor(() => expect(uploadButton).toBeDisabled());
-    expect(await screen.findByText("正在生成 Word 文件")).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(await screen.findByText("正在创建导出任务。")).toBeInTheDocument();
     fireEvent.click(uploadButton);
     expect(clickSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 
-    exportDeferred.resolve(await jsonResponse({ export_id: "pub_1", download_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/download", report_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/report", expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00" }));
+    exportDeferred.resolve(await jsonResponse({ job_id: "job_1", export_id: "pub_1", status: "done", progress: 100, message: "导出完成。", download_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/download", report_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_1/report", expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: null }));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByLabelText("论文正文输入框")).toHaveValue(""));
+  });
+
+  it("can cancel and retry an export job", async () => {
+    let createCount = 0;
+    mockFetch((input) => {
+      const url = String(input);
+      if (url.includes("/api/public/precheck/text")) {
+        return jsonResponse(samplePrecheck({ thesis: sampleThesis() }));
+      }
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/docx")) {
+        createCount += 1;
+        return jsonResponse({ job_id: `job_${createCount}`, export_id: `pub_${createCount}`, status: "running", progress: 32, message: "正在生成 Word 文件。", download_url: null, report_url: null, expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: null });
+      }
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/job_1/cancel")) {
+        return jsonResponse({ job_id: "job_1", export_id: "pub_1", status: "canceled", progress: 32, message: "导出已取消，可重新导出。", download_url: null, report_url: null, expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: "EXPORT_CANCELED" });
+      }
+      if (url.endsWith("/api/public/export-jobs/job_2")) {
+        return jsonResponse({ job_id: "job_2", export_id: "pub_2", status: "done", progress: 100, message: "导出完成。", download_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_2/download", report_url: "/api/public/exports/pub_2/report", expires_at: "2099-01-01T00:00:00", error_code: null });
+      }
+      if (url.includes("/api/public/exports/pub_2/download")) {
+        return jsonResponse({});
+      }
+      return jsonResponse(healthPayload);
+    });
+
+    Object.defineProperty(URL, "createObjectURL", { value: vi.fn(() => "blob:docx"), configurable: true });
+    Object.defineProperty(URL, "revokeObjectURL", { value: vi.fn(), configurable: true });
+    vi.spyOn(HTMLAnchorElement.prototype, "click").mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+
+    render(<App />);
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText("论文正文输入框"), {
+      target: { value: "结构化映射示例论文\n\n摘要\n这是满足长度要求的摘要内容。".repeat(8) },
+    });
+    acceptPrivacy();
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "开始预检" }));
+    await screen.findByRole("dialog", { name: "导出前结构预检" });
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "确认并导出" }));
+
+    fireEvent.click(await screen.findByRole("button", { name: "取消导出" }));
+    expect(await screen.findByText("导出已取消，可重新导出。")).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "重新导出" }));
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByLabelText("论文正文输入框")).toHaveValue(""));
+    expect(createCount).toBe(2);
   });
 });
diff --git a/web/src/app/AppShell.tsx b/web/src/app/AppShell.tsx
index 22ba15c..f18dd22 100644
--- a/web/src/app/AppShell.tsx
+++ b/web/src/app/AppShell.tsx
@@ -39,13 +39,17 @@ function HomeRoute() {
         selectedFile={flow.selectedFile}
         phase={flow.phase}
         exportProgress={flow.exportProgress}
+        exportMessage={flow.exportMessage}
         error={flow.inlineError}
+        canRetryExport={flow.canRetryExport}
         privacyAccepted={flow.privacyAccepted}
         turnstileToken={flow.turnstileToken}
         onTextChange={flow.handleTextChange}
         onUploadTrigger={flow.handleUploadTrigger}
         onFileSelect={flow.handleFileSelect}
         onSubmit={flow.handlePrecheck}
+        onCancelExport={flow.handleCancelExport}
+        onRetryExport={flow.handleRetryExport}
         onClear={flow.clearAll}
         onPrivacyAcceptedChange={flow.setPrivacyAccepted}
         onTurnstileTokenChange={flow.setTurnstileToken}
diff --git a/web/src/app/api.ts b/web/src/app/api.ts
index 7e05934..b4d2617 100644
--- a/web/src/app/api.ts
+++ b/web/src/app/api.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,20 @@ export interface PublicExportResponse {
   expires_at: string;
 }
 
+export type PublicExportJobStatus = "running" | "done" | "failed" | "canceled";
+
+export interface PublicExportJobResponse {
+  job_id: string;
+  export_id: string;
+  status: PublicExportJobStatus;
+  progress: number;
+  message: string;
+  download_url: string | null;
+  report_url: string | null;
+  expires_at: string;
+  error_code: string | null;
+}
+
 export function publicExportDocx(thesis: NormalizedThesis, exportToken: string) {
   return jsonRequest<PublicExportResponse>("/api/public/exports/docx", {
     method: "POST",
@@ -120,6 +134,24 @@ export function publicExportDocx(thesis: NormalizedThesis, exportToken: string)
   });
 }
 
+export function createPublicExportJob(thesis: NormalizedThesis, exportToken: string) {
+  return jsonRequest<PublicExportJobResponse>("/api/public/export-jobs/docx", {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ thesis, export_token: exportToken }),
+  });
+}
+
+export function getPublicExportJob(jobId: string) {
+  return jsonRequest<PublicExportJobResponse>(`/api/public/export-jobs/${jobId}`);
+}
+
+export function cancelPublicExportJob(jobId: string) {
+  return jsonRequest<PublicExportJobResponse>(`/api/public/export-jobs/${jobId}/cancel`, {
+    method: "POST",
+  });
+}
+
 export function downloadUrlAsBlob(url: string) {
   return blobRequest(url);
 }
diff --git a/web/src/app/domain.ts b/web/src/app/domain.ts
index 57d8caf..593ba1f 100644
--- a/web/src/app/domain.ts
+++ b/web/src/app/domain.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ export function mapApiError(error: ApiError | null): InlineErrorState | null {
     TURNSTILE_INVALID: "人机验证未通过，请刷新后重试。",
     RATE_LIMITED: "当前 IP 的公开导出请求过于频繁，请稍后再试。",
     EXPORT_TOKEN_INVALID: "导出凭证已失效，请重新预检后再导出。",
+    EXPORT_CANCELED: "导出已取消，可重新导出。",
+    EXPORT_JOB_NOT_FOUND: "导出任务不存在，请重新开始。",
+    EXPORT_JOB_NOT_RETRYABLE: "当前导出任务暂时不能重试。",
     PARSE_FAILED: "无法完成结构识别，请调整输入内容后重试。",
     FIELD_MISSING: "预检仍有阻塞项，暂时无法导出。",
     TEMPLATE_DEPENDENCY_MISSING: "导出模板当前不可用，请稍后重试。",
diff --git a/web/src/app/useMinimalExportFlow.ts b/web/src/app/useMinimalExportFlow.ts
index b695dd3..39a024b 100644
--- a/web/src/app/useMinimalExportFlow.ts
+++ b/web/src/app/useMinimalExportFlow.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
-import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import type { HealthResponse, PrecheckResponse } from "../generated/contracts";
 import {
   ApiError,
+  cancelPublicExportJob,
+  createPublicExportJob,
   downloadUrlAsBlob,
   downloadBlob,
+  getPublicExportJob,
   getHealth,
-  publicExportDocx,
   publicPrecheckDocx,
   publicPrecheckText,
+  type PublicExportJobResponse,
 } from "./api";
 import { exportFilename, inferPhase, mapApiError, validateDocxFile, validateTextInput, type FlowPhase, type InlineErrorState } from "./domain";
 
-const EXPORT_MIN_DURATION_MS = typeof navigator !== "undefined" && /jsdom/i.test(navigator.userAgent) ? 20 : 4200;
+const EXPORT_JOB_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = typeof navigator !== "undefined" && /jsdom/i.test(navigator.userAgent) ? 20 : 700;
 
 export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
   const [health, setHealth] = useState<HealthResponse | null>(null);
@@ -22,9 +25,12 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
   const [precheck, setPrecheck] = useState<PrecheckResponse | null>(null);
   const [exporting, setExporting] = useState(false);
   const [exportProgress, setExportProgress] = useState(0);
+  const [exportMessage, setExportMessage] = useState("");
   const [inlineError, setInlineError] = useState<InlineErrorState | null>(null);
   const [privacyAccepted, setPrivacyAccepted] = useState(false);
   const [turnstileToken, setTurnstileToken] = useState("");
+  const exportJobIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+  const cancelRequestedRef = useRef(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     getHealth()
@@ -34,24 +40,6 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
       .catch((error) => setInlineError(mapApiError(error instanceof ApiError ? error : new ApiError("健康检查失败", "NETWORK_ERROR"))));
   }, []);
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!exporting) {
-      setExportProgress(0);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    setExportProgress(0);
-    const timer = window.setInterval(() => {
-      setExportProgress((current) => {
-        if (current >= 92) return current;
-        const next = current + Math.max(1.5, (92 - current) * 0.11);
-        return Math.min(next, 92);
-      });
-    }, 120);
-
-    return () => window.clearInterval(timer);
-  }, [exporting]);
-
   const phase: FlowPhase = useMemo(
     () => inferPhase(rawText, selectedFile, busy, previewModalOpen, exporting),
     [busy, exporting, previewModalOpen, rawText, selectedFile],
@@ -65,9 +53,12 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
     setPrecheck(null);
     setExporting(false);
     setExportProgress(0);
+    setExportMessage("");
     setInlineError(null);
     setPrivacyAccepted(false);
     setTurnstileToken("");
+    exportJobIdRef.current = null;
+    cancelRequestedRef.current = false;
   }
 
   function resetResult() {
@@ -144,6 +135,15 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
     setPreviewModalOpen(false);
   }
 
+  function syncExportJob(job: PublicExportJobResponse) {
+    setExportProgress(job.progress);
+    setExportMessage(job.message || "正在生成 Word 文件");
+  }
+
+  function sleep(ms: number) {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => window.setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+  }
+
   async function handleConfirmExport() {
     if (!precheck?.summary.can_confirm) {
       setInlineError({ message: precheck?.summary.blocking_message || "预检仍存在阻塞项，暂时无法导出。", code: "FIELD_MISSING" });
@@ -153,24 +153,76 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
     setInlineError(null);
     setPreviewModalOpen(false);
     setExporting(true);
+    setExportProgress(0);
+    setExportMessage("正在创建导出任务。");
+    cancelRequestedRef.current = false;
 
     try {
       if (!precheck.export_token) {
         throw new ApiError("导出凭证已失效，请重新预检后再导出。", "EXPORT_TOKEN_INVALID");
       }
-      const minDelay = new Promise((resolve) => window.setTimeout(resolve, EXPORT_MIN_DURATION_MS));
-      const [exported] = await Promise.all([publicExportDocx(precheck.thesis, precheck.export_token), minDelay]);
-      const blob = await downloadUrlAsBlob(exported.download_url);
+      let job = await createPublicExportJob(precheck.thesis, precheck.export_token);
+      exportJobIdRef.current = job.job_id;
+      syncExportJob(job);
+
+      while (job.status === "running") {
+        await sleep(EXPORT_JOB_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        if (cancelRequestedRef.current) {
+          return;
+        }
+        job = await getPublicExportJob(job.job_id);
+        syncExportJob(job);
+      }
+
+      if (job.status === "canceled") {
+        throw new ApiError("导出已取消，可重新导出。", "EXPORT_CANCELED");
+      }
+      if (job.status === "failed") {
+        throw new ApiError(job.message || "导出失败，请稍后重试。", job.error_code || "EXPORT_FAILED");
+      }
+      if (!job.download_url) {
+        throw new ApiError("导出文件尚未生成，请重新导出。", "EXPORT_FAILED");
+      }
+
+      const blob = await downloadUrlAsBlob(job.download_url);
       setExportProgress(100);
       downloadBlob(blob, exportFilename(precheck.thesis));
       await new Promise((resolve) => window.setTimeout(resolve, 220));
       clearAll();
     } catch (error) {
       setExporting(false);
+      setExportMessage("");
       setInlineError(mapApiError(error instanceof ApiError ? error : new ApiError("导出失败", "EXPORT_FAILED")));
     }
   }
 
+  async function handleCancelExport() {
+    const jobId = exportJobIdRef.current;
+    cancelRequestedRef.current = true;
+    if (!jobId) {
+      setExporting(false);
+      setInlineError({ message: "导出已取消，可重新导出。", code: "EXPORT_CANCELED" });
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const job = await cancelPublicExportJob(jobId);
+      syncExportJob(job);
+      setInlineError({ message: "导出已取消，可重新导出。", code: "EXPORT_CANCELED" });
+    } catch (error) {
+      setInlineError(mapApiError(error instanceof ApiError ? error : new ApiError("取消失败，请稍后重试。", "EXPORT_FAILED")));
+    } finally {
+      setExporting(false);
+      setExportMessage("");
+    }
+  }
+
+  const canRetryExport =
+    Boolean(precheck?.summary.can_confirm) &&
+    !busy &&
+    !exporting &&
+    !previewModalOpen &&
+    (inlineError?.code === "EXPORT_FAILED" || inlineError?.code === "EXPORT_CANCELED");
+
   return {
     health,
     selectedFile,
@@ -181,7 +233,9 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
     precheck,
     exporting,
     exportProgress,
+    exportMessage,
     inlineError,
+    canRetryExport,
     privacyAccepted,
     setPrivacyAccepted,
     turnstileToken,
@@ -193,5 +247,7 @@ export function useMinimalExportFlow() {
     handlePrecheck,
     handleCancelPreview,
     handleConfirmExport,
+    handleCancelExport,
+    handleRetryExport: handleConfirmExport,
   };
 }
diff --git a/web/src/components/minimal/HomeComposer.tsx b/web/src/components/minimal/HomeComposer.tsx
index 87c1eaa..a4708e2 100644
--- a/web/src/components/minimal/HomeComposer.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/minimal/HomeComposer.tsx
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ type HomeComposerProps = {
   selectedFile: File | null;
   phase: FlowPhase;
   exportProgress: number;
+  exportMessage?: string;
   privacyAccepted: boolean;
   turnstileToken: string;
   onTextChange: (value: string) => void;
   onUploadTrigger: () => boolean;
   onFileSelect: (file: File | null) => void;
   onSubmit: () => void;
+  onCancelExport: () => void;
   onClear: () => void;
   onDragActiveChange?: (active: boolean) => void;
   onPrivacyAcceptedChange: (value: boolean) => void;
@@ -44,12 +46,14 @@ export function HomeComposer({
   selectedFile,
   phase,
   exportProgress,
+  exportMessage,
   privacyAccepted,
   turnstileToken,
   onTextChange,
   onUploadTrigger,
   onFileSelect,
   onSubmit,
+  onCancelExport,
   onClear,
   onDragActiveChange,
   onPrivacyAcceptedChange,
@@ -220,7 +224,7 @@ export function HomeComposer({
 
         {phase === "exporting" ? (
           <div className="composer-progress">
-            <WaveExportProgress progress={exportProgress} />
+            <WaveExportProgress progress={exportProgress} message={exportMessage} onCancel={onCancelExport} />
           </div>
         ) : selectedFile ? (
           <div className="composer-file-pill" aria-label="当前已选文件">
diff --git a/web/src/components/minimal/InlineError.tsx b/web/src/components/minimal/InlineError.tsx
index 9d2d9bc..6c16217 100644
--- a/web/src/components/minimal/InlineError.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/minimal/InlineError.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
 type InlineErrorProps = {
   message?: string | null;
+  actionLabel?: string;
+  onAction?: () => void;
 };
 
-export function InlineError({ message }: InlineErrorProps) {
+export function InlineError({ message, actionLabel, onAction }: InlineErrorProps) {
   return (
     <div className="inline-error" aria-live="polite">
-      {message ? <p>{message}</p> : <span>&nbsp;</span>}
+      {message ? (
+        <p>
+          <span>{message}</span>
+          {actionLabel && onAction ? (
+            <button type="button" onClick={onAction}>
+              {actionLabel}
+            </button>
+          ) : null}
+        </p>
+      ) : (
+        <span>&nbsp;</span>
+      )}
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/web/src/components/minimal/MinimalHome.tsx b/web/src/components/minimal/MinimalHome.tsx
index e9ade1b..f0560d7 100644
--- a/web/src/components/minimal/MinimalHome.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/minimal/MinimalHome.tsx
@@ -9,13 +9,17 @@ type MinimalHomeProps = {
   selectedFile: File | null;
   phase: FlowPhase;
   exportProgress: number;
+  exportMessage?: string;
   error: InlineErrorState | null;
+  canRetryExport: boolean;
   privacyAccepted: boolean;
   turnstileToken: string;
   onTextChange: (value: string) => void;
   onUploadTrigger: () => boolean;
   onFileSelect: (file: File | null) => void;
   onSubmit: () => void;
+  onCancelExport: () => void;
+  onRetryExport: () => void;
   onClear: () => void;
   onPrivacyAcceptedChange: (value: boolean) => void;
   onTurnstileTokenChange: (value: string) => void;
@@ -65,18 +69,24 @@ export function MinimalHome(props: MinimalHomeProps) {
             selectedFile={props.selectedFile}
             phase={props.phase}
             exportProgress={props.exportProgress}
+            exportMessage={props.exportMessage}
             privacyAccepted={props.privacyAccepted}
             turnstileToken={props.turnstileToken}
             onTextChange={props.onTextChange}
             onUploadTrigger={props.onUploadTrigger}
             onFileSelect={props.onFileSelect}
             onSubmit={props.onSubmit}
+            onCancelExport={props.onCancelExport}
             onClear={props.onClear}
             onDragActiveChange={setIsDragActive}
             onPrivacyAcceptedChange={props.onPrivacyAcceptedChange}
             onTurnstileTokenChange={props.onTurnstileTokenChange}
           />
-          <InlineError message={props.error?.message ?? null} />
+          <InlineError
+            message={props.error?.message ?? null}
+            actionLabel={props.canRetryExport ? "重新导出" : undefined}
+            onAction={props.canRetryExport ? props.onRetryExport : undefined}
+          />
         </section>
       </section>
 
diff --git a/web/src/components/minimal/WaveExportProgress.tsx b/web/src/components/minimal/WaveExportProgress.tsx
index 54f2500..c0938b5 100644
--- a/web/src/components/minimal/WaveExportProgress.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/minimal/WaveExportProgress.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 type WaveExportProgressProps = {
   progress: number;
+  message?: string;
+  onCancel?: () => void;
 };
 
-export function WaveExportProgress({ progress }: WaveExportProgressProps) {
+export function WaveExportProgress({ progress, message = "正在生成 Word 文件", onCancel }: WaveExportProgressProps) {
   return (
     <div className="wave-progress" aria-live="polite" aria-label={`正在导出，当前进度 ${Math.round(progress)}%`}>
       <div className="wave-progress-track">
@@ -11,9 +13,14 @@ export function WaveExportProgress({ progress }: WaveExportProgressProps) {
         </div>
       </div>
       <div className="wave-progress-meta">
-        <strong>正在生成 Word 文件</strong>
+        <strong>{message}</strong>
         <span>{Math.round(progress)}%</span>
       </div>
+      {onCancel ? (
+        <button type="button" className="wave-progress-cancel" onClick={onCancel}>
+          取消导出
+        </button>
+      ) : null}
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/web/src/styles/components.css b/web/src/styles/components.css
index 71da175..2ce6b0e 100644
--- a/web/src/styles/components.css
+++ b/web/src/styles/components.css
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@
 .inline-error span {
   display: inline-flex;
   align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--space-2);
   min-height: 2rem;
 }
 
@@ -217,6 +218,21 @@
   font-size: var(--text-sm);
 }
 
+.inline-error button,
+.wave-progress-cancel {
+  border: 1px solid rgba(154, 95, 100, 0.18);
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
+  color: inherit;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font: inherit;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+
+.inline-error button {
+  padding: 0.18rem 0.55rem;
+}
+
 .wave-progress {
   display: grid;
   gap: var(--space-3);
@@ -260,6 +276,12 @@
   font-size: var(--text-sm);
 }
 
+.wave-progress-cancel {
+  justify-self: end;
+  padding: 0.32rem 0.72rem;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+
 .precheck-modal-top,
 .precheck-footer,
 .preview-block-header {