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1 Introduction to geospatial concepts

1.1 Introduction to raster data

Raster concept

Harvard Forest elemvation map

United States with landcover as categorical data

Harvard Forest with elevation as categorical data

Extent

Resolution

Multi-band raster

Separate layers

Combined layers

1.2 Introduction to vector data

Which features are represented by which vector type?

1.3 Coordinate reference systems (CRS)

A PROJ4 string includes:

proj= the projection of the data
zone= the zone of the data (this is specific to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection)
datum= the datum use
units= the units for the coordinates of the data
ellps= the ellipsoid (how the earth’s roundness is calculated) for the data

+proj=utm +zone=18 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0