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// Dataset 118 Unsur Tabel Periodik Kimia (Bahasa Indonesia)
const elementsData = [
{
number: 1,
symbol: "H",
name: "Hidrogen",
latinName: "Hydrogenium",
mass: 1.008,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "gas",
group: 1,
period: 1,
block: "s",
shells: [1],
config: "1s¹",
electronegativity: 2.20,
meltingPoint: -259.16,
boilingPoint: -252.87,
density: 0.00008988,
discovered: 1766,
discoverer: "Henry Cavendish",
summary: "Hidrogen adalah unsur paling ringan dan paling melimpah di alam semesta, membentuk sekitar 75% dari massa elemental bintang dan planet gas."
},
{
number: 2,
symbol: "He",
name: "Helium",
latinName: "Helium",
mass: 4.0026,
category: "noble-gas",
categoryName: "Gas Mulia",
state: "gas",
group: 18,
period: 1,
block: "s",
shells: [2],
config: "1s²",
electronegativity: null,
meltingPoint: -272.2,
boilingPoint: -268.93,
density: 0.0001785,
discovered: 1868,
discoverer: "Pierre Janssen, Norman Lockyer",
summary: "Helium adalah gas mulia tak berwarna dan tak berbau. Unsur ini adalah unsur kedua paling melimpah dan kedua paling ringan di alam semesta teramati."
},
{
number: 3,
symbol: "Li",
name: "Litium",
latinName: "Lithium",
mass: 6.94,
category: "alkali-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Alkali",
state: "solid",
group: 1,
period: 2,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 1],
config: "[He] 2s¹",
electronegativity: 0.98,
meltingPoint: 180.5,
boilingPoint: 1342,
density: 0.534,
discovered: 1817,
discoverer: "Johan August Arfwedson",
summary: "Litium adalah logam alkali yang lunak dan berwarna putih perak. Litium merupakan logam paling ringan dan memiliki massa jenis paling rendah di antara unsur padat."
},
{
number: 4,
symbol: "Be",
name: "Berilium",
latinName: "Beryllium",
mass: 9.0122,
category: "alkaline-earth",
categoryName: "Alkali Tanah",
state: "solid",
group: 2,
period: 2,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 2],
config: "[He] 2s²",
electronegativity: 1.57,
meltingPoint: 1287,
boilingPoint: 2469,
density: 1.85,
discovered: 1798,
discoverer: "Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin",
summary: "Berilium adalah logam alkali tanah relatif langka di alam semesta. Berilium relatif kaku, kuat, dan ringan, banyak digunakan dalam paduan industri kedirgantaraan."
},
{
number: 5,
symbol: "B",
name: "Boron",
latinName: "Borum",
mass: 10.81,
category: "metalloid",
categoryName: "Metaloid",
state: "solid",
group: 13,
period: 2,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 3],
config: "[He] 2s² 2p¹",
electronegativity: 2.04,
meltingPoint: 2076,
boilingPoint: 3927,
density: 2.34,
discovered: 1808,
discoverer: "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis Jacques Thénard",
summary: "Boron adalah metaloid yang jarang ditemukan secara murni di alam. Digunakan secara luas dalam pembuatan kaca borosilikat (Pyrex) dan semikonduktor."
},
{
number: 6,
symbol: "C",
name: "Karbon",
latinName: "Carbonium",
mass: 12.011,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "solid",
group: 14,
period: 2,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 4],
config: "[He] 2s² 2p²",
electronegativity: 2.55,
meltingPoint: 3550,
boilingPoint: 4027,
density: 2.267,
discovered: "Kuno",
discoverer: "Tidak diketahui",
summary: "Karbon adalah dasar dari seluruh kehidupan organik yang diketahui di Bumi. Memiliki allotrop seperti intan yang sangat keras dan grafit yang konduktif."
},
{
number: 7,
symbol: "N",
name: "Nitrogen",
latinName: "Nitrogenium",
mass: 14.007,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "gas",
group: 15,
period: 2,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 5],
config: "[He] 2s² 2p³",
electronegativity: 3.04,
meltingPoint: -210.0,
boilingPoint: -195.79,
density: 0.0012506,
discovered: 1772,
discoverer: "Daniel Rutherford",
summary: "Nitrogen menyusun sekitar 78% dari atmosfer Bumi. Merupakan komponen penting dalam asam amino, protein, dan asam nukleat (DNA/RNA)."
},
{
number: 8,
symbol: "O",
name: "Oksigen",
latinName: "Oxygenium",
mass: 15.999,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "gas",
group: 16,
period: 2,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 6],
config: "[He] 2s² 2p⁴",
electronegativity: 3.44,
meltingPoint: -218.79,
boilingPoint: -182.96,
density: 0.001429,
discovered: 1774,
discoverer: "Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
summary: "Oksigen adalah unsur paling melimpah ketiga di alam semesta dan sangat vital bagi respirasi sebagian besar makhluk hidup di Bumi serta pembakaran."
},
{
number: 9,
symbol: "F",
name: "Fluorin",
latinName: "Fluorum",
mass: 18.998,
category: "halogen",
categoryName: "Halogen",
state: "gas",
group: 17,
period: 2,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 7],
config: "[He] 2s² 2p⁵",
electronegativity: 3.98,
meltingPoint: -219.67,
boilingPoint: -188.11,
density: 0.001696,
discovered: 1886,
discoverer: "Henri Moissan",
summary: "Fluorin adalah unsur yang paling reaktif secara kimia dan paling elektronegatif dari semua unsur. Sangat berbahaya dalam bentuk gas murni."
},
{
number: 10,
symbol: "Ne",
name: "Neon",
latinName: "Neon",
mass: 20.180,
category: "noble-gas",
categoryName: "Gas Mulia",
state: "gas",
group: 18,
period: 2,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8],
config: "[He] 2s² 2p⁶",
electronegativity: null,
meltingPoint: -248.59,
boilingPoint: -246.08,
density: 0.0009002,
discovered: 1898,
discoverer: "William Ramsay, Morris Travers",
summary: "Neon memberikan kilatan cahaya oranye-merah yang khas ketika digunakan pada tabung pelepasan listrik tegangan tinggi (lampu neon)."
},
{
number: 11,
symbol: "Na",
name: "Natrium",
latinName: "Natrium",
mass: 22.990,
category: "alkali-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Alkali",
state: "solid",
group: 1,
period: 3,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 8, 1],
config: "[Ne] 3s¹",
electronegativity: 0.93,
meltingPoint: 97.794,
boilingPoint: 882.94,
density: 0.968,
discovered: 1807,
discoverer: "Humphry Davy",
summary: "Natrium adalah logam alkali yang sangat reaktif. Beraksi hebat dengan air. Merupakan komponen utama dari garam dapur (NaCl)."
},
{
number: 12,
symbol: "Mg",
name: "Magnesium",
latinName: "Magnesium",
mass: 24.305,
category: "alkaline-earth",
categoryName: "Alkali Tanah",
state: "solid",
group: 2,
period: 3,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 8, 2],
config: "[Ne] 3s²",
electronegativity: 1.31,
meltingPoint: 650,
boilingPoint: 1090,
density: 1.738,
discovered: 1755,
discoverer: "Joseph Black",
summary: "Magnesium adalah logam berkilau perak yang sangat ringan. Merupakan atom pusat pada klorofil yang memungkinkan fotosintesis pada tumbuhan."
},
{
number: 13,
symbol: "Al",
name: "Aluminium",
latinName: "Aluminium",
mass: 26.982,
category: "post-transition",
categoryName: "Pasca-Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 13,
period: 3,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 3],
config: "[Ne] 3s² 3p¹",
electronegativity: 1.61,
meltingPoint: 660.32,
boilingPoint: 2470,
density: 2.70,
discovered: 1825,
discoverer: "Hans Christian Ørsted",
summary: "Aluminium adalah logam berlimpah di kerak bumi. Memiliki ketahanan korosi yang sangat baik dan massa jenis rendah, populer dalam konstruksi dan kemasan."
},
{
number: 14,
symbol: "Si",
name: "Silikon",
latinName: "Silicium",
mass: 28.085,
category: "metalloid",
categoryName: "Metaloid",
state: "solid",
group: 14,
period: 3,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 4],
config: "[Ne] 3s² 3p²",
electronegativity: 1.90,
meltingPoint: 1414,
boilingPoint: 3265,
density: 2.329,
discovered: 1823,
discoverer: "Jöns Jacob Berzelius",
summary: "Silikon adalah bahan utama dalam pembuatan chip semikonduktor, mikroprosesor, dan panel surya. Unsur kedua paling melimpah di kerak bumi."
},
{
number: 15,
symbol: "P",
name: "Fosforus",
latinName: "Phosphorus",
mass: 30.974,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "solid",
group: 15,
period: 3,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 5],
config: "[Ne] 3s² 3p³",
electronegativity: 2.19,
meltingPoint: 44.15,
boilingPoint: 280.5,
density: 1.823,
discovered: 1669,
discoverer: "Hennig Brand",
summary: "Fosforus terdapat dalam bentuk fosfor putih yang mudah terbakar dan fosfor merah yang stabil pada korek api. Penting untuk tulang dan ATP seluler."
},
{
number: 16,
symbol: "S",
name: "Belerang",
latinName: "Sulphur",
mass: 32.06,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "solid",
group: 16,
period: 3,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 6],
config: "[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴",
electronegativity: 2.58,
meltingPoint: 115.21,
boilingPoint: 444.6,
density: 2.07,
discovered: "Kuno",
discoverer: "Tidak diketahui",
summary: "Belerang adalah padatan kuning cerah pada suhu ruang. Digunakan dalam vulkanisasi karet, pembuatan asam sulfat, dan pupuk."
},
{
number: 17,
symbol: "Cl",
name: "Klorin",
latinName: "Chlorum",
mass: 35.45,
category: "halogen",
categoryName: "Halogen",
state: "gas",
group: 17,
period: 3,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 7],
config: "[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵",
electronegativity: 3.16,
meltingPoint: -101.5,
boilingPoint: -34.04,
density: 0.003214,
discovered: 1774,
discoverer: "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
summary: "Klorin adalah gas beracun berwarna kuning-hijau. Banyak digunakan sebagai disinfektan air minum, kolam renang, dan bahan pemutih."
},
{
number: 18,
symbol: "Ar",
name: "Argon",
latinName: "Argon",
mass: 39.948,
category: "noble-gas",
categoryName: "Gas Mulia",
state: "gas",
group: 18,
period: 3,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 8],
config: "[Ne] 3s² 3p⁶",
electronegativity: null,
meltingPoint: -189.34,
boilingPoint: -185.85,
density: 0.001784,
discovered: 1894,
discoverer: "Lord Rayleigh, William Ramsay",
summary: "Argon adalah gas mulia paling melimpah di atmosfer Bumi (~0.93%). Digunakan sebagai atmosfer inert pada pengelasan dan bola lampu."
},
{
number: 19,
symbol: "K",
name: "Kalium",
latinName: "Kalium",
mass: 39.098,
category: "alkali-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Alkali",
state: "solid",
group: 1,
period: 4,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 8, 8, 1],
config: "[Ar] 4s¹",
electronegativity: 0.82,
meltingPoint: 63.5,
boilingPoint: 759,
density: 0.89,
discovered: 1807,
discoverer: "Humphry Davy",
summary: "Kalium adalah logam alkali yang lunak dan sangat reaktif. Penting untuk fungsi saraf dan keseimbangan cairan pada sel tubuh makhluk hidup."
},
{
number: 20,
symbol: "Ca",
name: "Kalsium",
latinName: "Calcium",
mass: 40.078,
category: "alkaline-earth",
categoryName: "Alkali Tanah",
state: "solid",
group: 2,
period: 4,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 8, 8, 2],
config: "[Ar] 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.00,
meltingPoint: 842,
boilingPoint: 1484,
density: 1.55,
discovered: 1808,
discoverer: "Humphry Davy",
summary: "Kalsium adalah unsur penting dalam pembentukan tulang dan gigi pada manusia dan hewan. Merupakan logam paling melimpah di tubuh manusia."
},
{
number: 21,
symbol: "Sc",
name: "Skandium",
latinName: "Scandium",
mass: 44.956,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 3,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 9, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.36,
meltingPoint: 1541,
boilingPoint: 2836,
density: 2.985,
discovered: 1879,
discoverer: "Lars Fredrik Nilson",
summary: "Skandium adalah logam transisi lunak. Paduan skandium-aluminium digunakan pada rangka pesawat tempur dan peralatan olahraga kelas tinggi."
},
{
number: 22,
symbol: "Ti",
name: "Titanium",
latinName: "Titanium",
mass: 47.867,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 4,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 10, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d² 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.54,
meltingPoint: 1668,
boilingPoint: 3287,
density: 4.506,
discovered: 1791,
discoverer: "William Gregor",
summary: "Titanium terkenal karena kekuatan setara baja namun dengan bobot yang jauh lebih ringan dan sangat tahan terhadap korosi air laut serta klorin."
},
{
number: 23,
symbol: "V",
name: "Vanadium",
latinName: "Vanadium",
mass: 50.942,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 5,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 11, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d³ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.63,
meltingPoint: 1910,
boilingPoint: 3407,
density: 6.11,
discovered: 1801,
discoverer: "Andrés Manuel del Río",
summary: "Vanadium ditambahkan pada baja untuk menghasilkan paduan baja vanadium yang sangat kuat dan tahan aus, biasa dipakai pada alat-alat pertukangan."
},
{
number: 24,
symbol: "Cr",
name: "Kromium",
latinName: "Chromium",
mass: 51.996,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 6,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 13, 1],
config: "[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹",
electronegativity: 1.66,
meltingPoint: 1907,
boilingPoint: 2671,
density: 7.19,
discovered: 1797,
discoverer: "Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin",
summary: "Kromium adalah komponen utama penyusun stainless steel yang memberikan efek mengkilap dan perlindungan anti-karat."
},
{
number: 25,
symbol: "Mn",
name: "Mangan",
latinName: "Manganum",
mass: 54.938,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 7,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 13, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.55,
meltingPoint: 1246,
boilingPoint: 2061,
density: 7.21,
discovered: 1774,
discoverer: "Johan Gottlieb Gahn",
summary: "Mangan sangat krusial dalam pembuatan baja industri untuk meningkatkan kekerasan dan kekuatan impak."
},
{
number: 26,
symbol: "Fe",
name: "Besi",
latinName: "Ferrum",
mass: 55.845,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 8,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 14, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.83,
meltingPoint: 1538,
boilingPoint: 2862,
density: 7.874,
discovered: "Kuno",
discoverer: "Tidak diketahui",
summary: "Besi adalah logam yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia. Merupakan inti dari hemoglobin yang mengangkut oksigen dalam darah manusia."
},
{
number: 27,
symbol: "Co",
name: "Kobalt",
latinName: "Cobaltum",
mass: 58.933,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 9,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 15, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.88,
meltingPoint: 1495,
boilingPoint: 2927,
density: 8.90,
discovered: 1735,
discoverer: "Georg Brandt",
summary: "Kobalt digunakan dalam katoda baterai lithium-ion modern untuk kendaraan listrik dan gadget, serta memberikan pigmen biru pada keramik."
},
{
number: 28,
symbol: "Ni",
name: "Nikel",
latinName: "Niccolum",
mass: 58.693,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 10,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 16, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.91,
meltingPoint: 1455,
boilingPoint: 2913,
density: 8.908,
discovered: 1751,
discoverer: "Axel Fredrik Cronstedt",
summary: "Nikel adalah logam perak keras yang tahan korosi. Indonesia memiliki cadangan bijih nikel terbesar di dunia yang krusial untuk industri baterai."
},
{
number: 29,
symbol: "Cu",
name: "Tembaga",
latinName: "Cuprum",
mass: 63.546,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 11,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 1],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹",
electronegativity: 1.90,
meltingPoint: 1084.62,
boilingPoint: 2562,
density: 8.96,
discovered: "Kuno",
discoverer: "Tidak diketahui",
summary: "Tembaga dikenal sebagai konduktor listrik dan panas yang sangat efisien. Digunakan secara luas dalam kabel listrik dan perpipaan."
},
{
number: 30,
symbol: "Zn",
name: "Seng",
latinName: "Zincum",
mass: 65.38,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 12,
period: 4,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 2],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²",
electronegativity: 1.65,
meltingPoint: 419.53,
boilingPoint: 907,
density: 7.14,
discovered: 1746,
discoverer: "Andreas Sigismund Marggraf",
summary: "Seng digunakan dalam proses galvanisasi untuk melapisi besi dan baja agar tidak mudah berkarat."
},
{
number: 31,
symbol: "Ga",
name: "Galium",
latinName: "Gallium",
mass: 69.723,
category: "post-transition",
categoryName: "Pasca-Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 13,
period: 4,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 3],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹",
electronegativity: 1.81,
meltingPoint: 29.76,
boilingPoint: 2204,
density: 5.91,
discovered: 1875,
discoverer: "Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
summary: "Galium memiliki titik lebur sangat rendah (29.76°C) sehingga dapat meleleh hanya dengan digenggam di telapak tangan manusia!"
},
{
number: 32,
symbol: "Ge",
name: "Jermanium",
latinName: "Germanium",
mass: 72.630,
category: "metalloid",
categoryName: "Metaloid",
state: "solid",
group: 14,
period: 4,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 4],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²",
electronegativity: 2.01,
meltingPoint: 938.25,
boilingPoint: 2833,
density: 5.323,
discovered: 1886,
discoverer: "Clemens Winkler",
summary: "Jermanium adalah metaloid semikonduktor penting yang digunakan dalam optik inframerah dan transistor generasi awal."
},
{
number: 33,
symbol: "As",
name: "Arsenik",
latinName: "Arsenicum",
mass: 74.922,
category: "metalloid",
categoryName: "Metaloid",
state: "solid",
group: 15,
period: 4,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 5],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³",
electronegativity: 2.18,
meltingPoint: 817,
boilingPoint: 614,
density: 5.727,
discovered: 1250,
discoverer: "Albertus Magnus",
summary: "Arsenik terkenal dalam sejarah sebagai racun yang mematikan. Namun juga memiliki kegunaan dalam pembuat semikonduktor Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)."
},
{
number: 34,
symbol: "Se",
name: "Selenium",
latinName: "Selenium",
mass: 78.971,
category: "nonmetal",
categoryName: "Non-logam",
state: "solid",
group: 16,
period: 4,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 6],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴",
electronegativity: 2.55,
meltingPoint: 221,
boilingPoint: 685,
density: 4.81,
discovered: 1817,
discoverer: "Jöns Jacob Berzelius",
summary: "Selenium memiliki sifat fotokonduktif di mana konduktivitas listriknya meningkat saat terkena cahaya. Digunakan pada sel fotovoltaik dan fotokopi."
},
{
number: 35,
symbol: "Br",
name: "Bromin",
latinName: "Bromum",
mass: 79.904,
category: "halogen",
categoryName: "Halogen",
state: "liquid",
group: 17,
period: 4,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 7],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵",
electronegativity: 2.96,
meltingPoint: -7.2,
boilingPoint: 58.8,
density: 3.1028,
discovered: 1826,
discoverer: "Antoine Jérôme Balard",
summary: "Bromin adalah satu-satunya unsur non-logam yang berwujud cair pada suhu ruang. Berwarna merah-cokelat dan mengeluarkan uap berbau tajam."
},
{
number: 36,
symbol: "Kr",
name: "Kripton",
latinName: "Krypton",
mass: 83.798,
category: "noble-gas",
categoryName: "Gas Mulia",
state: "gas",
group: 18,
period: 4,
block: "p",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 8],
config: "[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶",
electronegativity: 3.00,
meltingPoint: -157.36,
boilingPoint: -153.22,
density: 0.003749,
discovered: 1898,
discoverer: "William Ramsay, Morris Travers",
summary: "Kripton adalah gas mulia tidak berwarna yang dapat menghasilkan sinar putih cerah ketika dialiri listrik, dipakai pada lampu kilat fotografi."
},
{
number: 37,
symbol: "Rb",
name: "Rubidium",
latinName: "Rubidium",
mass: 85.468,
category: "alkali-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Alkali",
state: "solid",
group: 1,
period: 5,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 8, 1],
config: "[Kr] 5s¹",
electronegativity: 0.82,
meltingPoint: 39.31,
boilingPoint: 688,
density: 1.532,
discovered: 1861,
discoverer: "Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff",
summary: "Rubidium adalah logam alkali yang sangat reaktif dan dapat terbakar secara spontan di udara. Memiliki warna nyala merah keunguan."
},
{
number: 38,
symbol: "Sr",
name: "Stronsium",
latinName: "Strontium",
mass: 87.62,
category: "alkaline-earth",
categoryName: "Alkali Tanah",
state: "solid",
group: 2,
period: 5,
block: "s",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 8, 2],
config: "[Kr] 5s²",
electronegativity: 0.95,
meltingPoint: 777,
boilingPoint: 1382,
density: 2.64,
discovered: 1790,
discoverer: "Adair Crawford",
summary: "Garam stronsium memberikan warna merah menyala yang indah pada kembang api dan suar darurat."
},
{
number: 39,
symbol: "Y",
name: "Ytrium",
latinName: "Yttrium",
mass: 88.906,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 3,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 9, 2],
config: "[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²",
electronegativity: 1.22,
meltingPoint: 1526,
boilingPoint: 3336,
density: 4.472,
discovered: 1794,
discoverer: "Johan Gadolin",
summary: "Ytrium digunakan dalam pembuat fosfor merah pada layar CRT lama, LED, serta superkonduktor suhu tinggi (YBCO)."
},
{
number: 40,
symbol: "Zr",
name: "Zirkonium",
latinName: "Zirconium",
mass: 91.224,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 4,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 10, 2],
config: "[Kr] 4d² 5s²",
electronegativity: 1.33,
meltingPoint: 1855,
boilingPoint: 4409,
density: 6.52,
discovered: 1789,
discoverer: "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
summary: "Zirkonium sangat tahan korosi dan penyerapan neutron rendah, menjadikannya bahan utama pelapis bahan bakar reaktor nuklir."
},
{
number: 41,
symbol: "Nb",
name: "Niobium",
latinName: "Niobium",
mass: 92.906,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 5,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 12, 1],
config: "[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹",
electronegativity: 1.6,
meltingPoint: 2477,
boilingPoint: 4744,
density: 8.57,
discovered: 1801,
discoverer: "Charles Hatchett",
summary: "Niobium digunakan pada magnet superkonduktor pemindai MRI medis dan pemacu partikel."
},
{
number: 42,
symbol: "Mo",
name: "Molibdenum",
latinName: "Molybdenum",
mass: 95.95,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 6,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 13, 1],
config: "[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹",
electronegativity: 2.16,
meltingPoint: 2623,
boilingPoint: 4639,
density: 10.28,
discovered: 1778,
discoverer: "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
summary: "Molibdenum memiliki titik lebur sangat tinggi dan kekerasan yang konsisten, sering dipakai dalam paduan baja tahan panas."
},
{
number: 43,
symbol: "Tc",
name: "Teknesium",
latinName: "Technetium",
mass: 98,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 7,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 13, 2],
config: "[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²",
electronegativity: 1.9,
meltingPoint: 2157,
boilingPoint: 4265,
density: 11,
discovered: 1937,
discoverer: "Emilio Segrè, Carlo Perrier",
summary: "Teknesium adalah unsur buatan manusia pertama yang diproduksi secara sintetis. Isotop Tc-99m sangat populer dalam pemindaian medis kedokteran nuklir."
},
{
number: 44,
symbol: "Ru",
name: "Rutenium",
latinName: "Ruthenium",
mass: 101.07,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 8,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 15, 1],
config: "[Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹",
electronegativity: 2.2,
meltingPoint: 2334,
boilingPoint: 4150,
density: 12.45,
discovered: 1844,
discoverer: "Karl Ernst Claus",
summary: "Rutenium adalah bagian dari kelompok logam platina. Berfungsi sebagai katalisator industri kimia dan pelapis kontak listrik."
},
{
number: 45,
symbol: "Rh",
name: "Rodium",
latinName: "Rhodium",
mass: 102.91,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",
state: "solid",
group: 9,
period: 5,
block: "d",
shells: [2, 8, 18, 16, 1],
config: "[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹",
electronegativity: 2.28,
meltingPoint: 1964,
boilingPoint: 3695,
density: 12.41,
discovered: 1803,
discoverer: "William Hyde Wollaston",
summary: "Rodium adalah salah satu logam mulia paling langka dan berharga di dunia, komponen utama katalis konverter emisi mobil."
},
{
number: 46,
symbol: "Pd",
name: "Paladium",
latinName: "Palladium",
mass: 106.42,
category: "transition-metal",
categoryName: "Logam Transisi",