diff --git a/src/pages/ModelChooser.test.tsx b/src/pages/ModelChooser.test.tsx
index 6da7012..33c3251 100644
--- a/src/pages/ModelChooser.test.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/ModelChooser.test.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { StrictMode } from 'react';
 import { render, screen, within } from '@testing-library/react';
 import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
-import { MemoryRouter, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { MemoryRouter, useLocation, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import { findLesson } from '../content/manifest';
 import { DATASET_FILES } from '../r/session';
@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@ function Location() {
   return <p data-testid="location">{location.pathname + location.search}</p>;
 }
 
+/** Stands in for the browser's Back button. */
+function BrowserBack() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  return <button type="button" onClick={() => navigate(-1)}>Browser back</button>;
+}
+
 function renderChooser(url = '/which-model') {
   return render(
     <StrictMode>
       <MemoryRouter initialEntries={[url]}>
         <ModelChooser />
         <Location />
+        <BrowserBack />
       </MemoryRouter>
     </StrictMode>,
   );
@@ -556,3 +563,18 @@ describe('research question', () => {
     expect(screen.getByText(/comes from keywords in your question, not from AI/i)).toBeTruthy();
   });
 });
+
+test("the browser's Back button goes back one question, not off the page", async () => {
+  const user = userEvent.setup();
+  renderChooser();
+  const first = heading().textContent;
+  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: TO_OUTCOME }));
+  const second = heading().textContent;
+  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /^a number/i }));
+  expect(heading().textContent).not.toBe(second);
+  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Browser back' }));
+  expect(heading().textContent).toBe(second);
+  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Browser back' }));
+  expect(heading().textContent).toBe(first);
+  expect(screen.getByTestId('location').textContent).toBe('/which-model');
+});
diff --git a/src/pages/ModelChooser.tsx b/src/pages/ModelChooser.tsx
index 9a5b6af..3fc5c6d 100644
--- a/src/pages/ModelChooser.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/ModelChooser.tsx
@@ -372,9 +372,13 @@ const startsWith = (path: string[], prefix: string[]) => prefix.every((label, i)
 
 export default function ModelChooser() {
   const [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useSearchParams();
-  const [path, setPath] = useState<string[]>(() => pathTo(searchParams.get('model') ?? '') ?? []);
+  // The answers so far live in the URL, one history entry per question, so the browser's Back button goes back one question.
+  const path = useMemo(() => {
+    const model = searchParams.get('model');
+    return model ? (pathTo(model) ?? []) : follow(searchParams.getAll('step')).path;
+  }, [searchParams]);
   // The furthest path taken or suggested, so stepping back shows the choice made there.
-  const [planned, setPlanned] = useState<{ path: string[]; suggested: boolean }>({ path, suggested: false });
+  const [planned, setPlanned] = useState<{ path: string[]; suggested: boolean }>(() => ({ path, suggested: false }));
   const { node } = follow(path);
   const headingRef = useRef<HTMLHeadingElement>(null);
   const treeRef = useRef<HTMLElement>(null);
@@ -391,10 +395,9 @@ export default function ModelChooser() {
 
   function go(next: string[], plan?: { path: string[]; suggested: boolean }) {
     moveFocus.current = true;
-    setPath(next);
     setPlanned(plan ?? (startsWith(planned.path, next) ? planned : { path: next, suggested: false }));
     const reached = follow(next).node;
-    setSearchParams(reached.kind === 'answer' ? { model: reached.id } : {}, { replace: true });
+    setSearchParams(reached.kind === 'answer' ? { model: reached.id } : { step: next });
   }
 
   function pick(id: string) {
diff --git a/src/pages/SampleSize.test.tsx b/src/pages/SampleSize.test.tsx
index 8d6d6f7..1086f4d 100644
--- a/src/pages/SampleSize.test.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/SampleSize.test.tsx
@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
-import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { MemoryRouter, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import { findLesson } from '../content/manifest';
 import SampleSize from './SampleSize';
 import { DESIGNS } from './sampleSizeDesigns';
 
+/** Stands in for the browser's Back button. */
+function BrowserBack() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  return <button type="button" onClick={() => navigate(-1)}>Browser back</button>;
+}
+
 function setup() {
   const user = userEvent.setup();
   render(
     <MemoryRouter>
       <SampleSize />
+      <BrowserBack />
     </MemoryRouter>,
   );
   const pick = (name: RegExp) => user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name }));
@@ -185,6 +192,18 @@ describe('sample size page', () => {
     expect(document.querySelector('.ss-meaning')!.textContent).toContain('f = 0.16');
   });
 
+  test("the browser's Back button goes back one question, keeping the answers", async () => {
+    const { user, pick } = setup();
+    await pick(/^Compare two separate groups/);
+    await pick(/How many people do I need/);
+    expect(question()).toBe('How big is the effect you want to be able to find?');
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Browser back' }));
+    expect(question()).toBe('What do you want to find out?');
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /How many people do I need/ }).textContent).toContain('Your earlier choice');
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Browser back' }));
+    expect(question()).toBe('What will you test?');
+  });
+
   test('every design links to a lesson that exists', () => {
     for (const design of DESIGNS) expect(findLesson(design.lessonId), design.id).toBeTruthy();
   });
diff --git a/src/pages/SampleSize.tsx b/src/pages/SampleSize.tsx
index aa66247..f0d1906 100644
--- a/src/pages/SampleSize.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/SampleSize.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useId, useMemo, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from 'react';
-import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { Link, useSearchParams } from 'react-router-dom';
 import AvatarTip from '../components/AvatarTip';
 import { pnorm } from '../stats/distributions';
 import { HAS_SIDES, minN, PER_GROUP, powerAt, rCode, solveEffect, solveN, stimulusSimCode, totalN, type DesignId, type Plan } from '../stats/power';
@@ -222,7 +222,11 @@ function Choice<T>({ options, chosen, onPick }: { options: Option<T>[]; chosen:
 
 export default function SampleSize() {
   const [answers, setAnswers] = useState<Answers>(START);
-  const [at, setAt] = useState(0);
+  // The step lives in the URL, one history entry per question, so the browser's Back button goes back one question.
+  // Answers are not in the URL, so a step is only shown once it has been reached in this visit.
+  const [params, setParams] = useSearchParams();
+  const [reached, setReached] = useState(0);
+  const at = Math.min(Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(params.get('step')) || 0)), reached);
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState('');
   const headingRef = useRef<HTMLHeadingElement>(null);
   const moveFocus = useRef(false);
@@ -240,12 +244,12 @@ export default function SampleSize() {
 
   function go(index: number) {
     moveFocus.current = true;
-    setAt(index);
+    setParams(index > 0 ? { step: String(index) } : {});
   }
   function answer(patch: Partial<Answers>) {
-    moveFocus.current = true;
     setAnswers((prev) => ({ ...prev, ...patch }));
-    setAt((i) => i + 1);
+    setReached(at + 1);
+    go(at + 1);
   }
   function type(key: string, value: string) {
     setAnswers((prev) => ({ ...prev, text: { ...prev.text, [key]: value } }));
@@ -603,7 +607,7 @@ export default function SampleSize() {
             </ol>
             <div className="model-chooser-trail-actions">
               <button type="button" onClick={() => go(at - 1)}>Back</button>
-              <button type="button" onClick={() => { go(0); setAnswers(START); }}>Start over</button>
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => { go(0); setReached(0); setAnswers(START); }}>Start over</button>
             </div>
           </nav>
         )}