Reduce inequality within and among countries
Status: This query is currently under development (2025)
Contents
- Full query
- General notes
- Documentation and string sections for each target
- Contributions
- Footnotes
This document contains search strings for finding publications related to the topics in the SDG 10 targets and indicators ("topic approach"; focus on recall, larger result set). We also have a version which finds publications related to the actions in the SDG 10 targets and indicators ("action approach"; focus on precision, smaller result set), provided in the same repository as this file. For more explanation, see the Readme in this repository.
Targets and Indicators were found from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs website (UN DESA, 2025).
Our classification of countries as least developed countries (LDCs), small island developing states (SIDS) and landlocked developing states (LDS) is taken from the Statistical Annex of United Nations World Economic Situation and Prospects (tables F, H and I) (United Nations, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Additional terms for these countries, generic terms for country groups, and terms for low and middle income countries (LMICs) were gathered from the LMIC 2020 filter from the Norwegian Satellite of Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC), developed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Heath (https://epoc.cochrane.org/lmic-filters).
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
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)10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
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)10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed within the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
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)10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
10.4.1 Labour share of GDP
10.4.2 Redistributive impact of fiscal policy
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)10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
10.5.1 Financial Soundness Indicators
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)10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
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)10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of montlhy income earned in country of destination
10.7.2 Number of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people
10.7.3 Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination
10.7.4 Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin
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)10.a Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
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)10.b Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
10.b.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
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)10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted
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Specialist input:
UN DESA. (2025). Goals: Reduce inequality within and among countries. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal10#targets_and_indicators [Accessed 2025.04.02]
United Nations. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). World Economic Situation and Prospects; Statistical Annex. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/document_gem/global-economic-monitoring-unit/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-wesp-report/