[MNT] Bump the python-packages group across 1 directory with 4 updates

Updates the requirements on [numba](https://github.com/numba/numba), [pandas](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas), [scikit-learn](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn) and [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx) to permit the latest version.

Updates `numba` to 0.64.0
- [Release notes](https://github.com/numba/numba/releases)
- [Commits](numba/numba@0.55.0...0.64.0)

Updates `pandas` to 3.0.1
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/releases)
- [Commits](pandas-dev/pandas@v2.0.0...v3.0.1)

Updates `scikit-learn` to 1.8.0
- [Release notes](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/releases)
- [Commits](scikit-learn/scikit-learn@1.0...1.8.0)

Updates `sphinx` to 9.0.4
- [Release notes](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/blob/v9.0.4/CHANGES.rst)
- [Commits](sphinx-doc/sphinx@v0.1.61611...v9.0.4)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: numba
  dependency-version: 0.64.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  dependency-group: python-packages
- dependency-name: pandas
  dependency-version: 3.0.1
  dependency-type: direct:production
  dependency-group: python-packages
- dependency-name: scikit-learn
  dependency-version: 1.8.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  dependency-group: python-packages
- dependency-name: sphinx
  dependency-version: 9.0.4
  dependency-type: direct:development
  dependency-group: python-packages
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Author: dependabot[bot]

pyproject.toml

@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ classifiers = [
 requires-python = ">=3.11,<3.15"
 dependencies = [
     "deprecated>=1.2.13",
-    "numba>=0.55,<0.64.0",
+    "numba>=0.55,<0.65.0",
     "numpy>=2.0.0,<2.5.0",
     "packaging>=20.0",
-    "pandas>=2.0.0,<2.4.0",
-    "scikit-learn>=1.0.0,<1.8.0",
+    "pandas>=2.0.0,<3.1.0",
+    "scikit-learn>=1.0.0,<1.9.0",
     "scipy>=1.9.0,<1.18.0",
     "typing-extensions>=4.6.0",
 ]
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ binder = [
     "tensorflow>=2.14; python_version < '3.13'",
 ]
 docs = [
-    "sphinx<8.3.0",
+    "sphinx<9.1.0",
     "sphinx-design",
     "sphinx-version-warning",
     "sphinx_issues",