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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Understanding the Luminator protocol</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%7CSource+Code+Pro%7CSource+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Understanding the Luminator protocol</h1>
<p><em>Note: This information is intended only for hobbyist and educational purposes. I am not affiliated with Luminator
in any way.</em></p>
<p>This document applies to newer signs such as the MAX 3000 and Horizon models, which use a 7-pin circular connector.
I believe older signs use a similar protocol, but I haven't had a chance to study it.</p>
<p>This represents my best guess at how everything works, but no guarantees as to the accuracy. Rely on at your own risk.</p>
<p>If you'd prefer running code, my <a href="https://github.com/alusch/flipdot">flipdot</a> library (written in Rust)
implements this protocol and provides a high-level interface for interacting with signs. For a concrete example that
uses the sign as a clock, check out <a href="https://github.com/alusch/dotclock">dotclock</a>.</p>
<h2>Connector</h2>
<p>First things first: how to connect to the sign? It uses a TE Connectivity Circular Plastic Connector (CPC) model <a
href="http://www.te.com/usa-en/product-788194-1.html">788194-1</a>
with the following pinout (looking at the connector on the sign):</p>
<figure>
<div class="sidebyside">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="308" height="308">
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M154.1 4.3a150 150 0 1 0 0 300 150 150 0 0 0 0-300zM176 268v17.5h-50v-18.4c-52-12-86.8-56.3-88.3-109.5L24.2 156l2.5-23 13 1.5c4.4-26 17.4-49 36-66L67.5 57l19-13.2 7.7 11.1a115.5 115.5 0 0 1 126 4l10.5-11.5 17 15.4-10 11a116 116 0 0 1 26 42.4l15.7-3.2 4.6 22.6-15.2 3A116.7 116.7 0 0 1 176 268z"
/>
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M154.1 167.9a13.6 13.6 0 1 1 0-27.3 13.6 13.6 0 0 1 0 27.3z"
/>
<path fill="#F6E122" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M189.2 107a13.6 13.6 0 1 1 0-27.2 13.6 13.6 0 0 1 0 27.3z" />
<path fill="#FF75A8" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M130.8 100.3a13.6 13.6 0 1 1-23.6-13.7 13.6 13.6 0 0 1 23.6 13.7z"
/>
<path fill="#C249B1" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M95.7 147.4a13.7 13.7 0 1 1-23.6 13.7 13.7 13.7 0 0 1 23.6-13.7z"
/>
<path fill="#FF931E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M119 201.4a13.6 13.6 0 1 1 0 27.3 13.6 13.6 0 0 1 0-27.3z" />
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M177.4 208.2A13.7 13.7 0 1 1 201 222a13.7 13.7 0 0 1-23.6-13.7z"
/>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M212.5 161a13.7 13.7 0 1 1 18.6 5 13.6 13.6 0 0 1-18.6-5z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(184.1 220.7)">
1
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(219.2 159.9)">
3
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(184.1 99)">
6
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(113.9 99)">
7
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(149 159.9)">
4
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(78.8 159.9)">
5
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="17" transform="translate(113.9 220.7)">
2
</text>
</svg>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Pin</th>
<th>Function</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="mainpower">1</code></td>
<td>Main power (24V DC)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="switchpower">2</code></td>
<td>Switched power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="ledpower">3</code></td>
<td>LED power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="ground">4</code></td>
<td>Ground</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="rs485p">5</code></td>
<td>RS-485 +</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="rs485n">6</code></td>
<td>RS-485 −</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="shield">7</code></td>
<td>Shield</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<figcaption>Figure 1: Pinout of the sign's 7-pin circular connector</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>I'm not sure what specific pin inserts they're using (there are a lot to choose from), but there are definitely two
types. Pins 1 and 4 are beefier since they'll be carrying a few amps. In theory you could build your own mating connector,
but I opted to buy original Luminator cables instead to avoid needing to figure that out.</p>
<p>At minimum, you need to connect main power, switched power, ground, and RS-485 +/−. Switched power turns the
sign on, and LED power enables the LEDs/backlight (I guess I'm not sure what that does on a Horizon sign). Main power
is definitely 24V DC. You're going to want a capable power supply; my sign draws ~2.5A to flip the dots, and another
amp or so for the LEDs. I've seen conflicting information on whether switched power and LED power are 12V or 24V.
They're basically just switches (draw negligible current), and I have run the sign using 24V on them, but that might
not have been wise. You should connect the shield pin to ground in one place (probably the controller) to avoid ground
loops.
</p>
<h2>Serial communication</h2>
<p>Signs communicate over an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-485">RS-485 bus</a>, configured as 19200 8-N-1
(19200 bps data rate, 8 data bits, no parity bit, one stop bit). Cheap USB adapters are readily available to connect
to a PC. Each sign has an address to uniquely identify it on the bus, which is set via DIP switches.</p>
<h2>Wire Format</h2>
<p>Data is transmitted on the bus using the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_HEX">Intel HEX</a> format (but
not its semantics; we'll get into that in a second). The layout looks like this:</p>
<figure>
<svg width="768" height="62">
<path fill="none" stroke="#999" d="M406.5 22V1.5h180V22" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#999" d="M90.5 22V11.5H216m43 0h132M382 8l10 3.5-10 3.5" />
<text font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(465.4 19)">Data bytes</text>
<text font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(224.2 17)"># of</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" d="M1.5 31.5h45v29h-45z" />
<path fill="#FF75A8" stroke="#000" d="M91.4 31.5H46.5v29h90v-29z" />
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" d="M225.7 31.5h-89.2v29h180v-29z" />
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" d="M361.4 31.5h-44.9v29h90v-29z" />
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" d="M501 60.5l-4-6.5 4-9-4-6 4-7.5h85.5v29zm-6 0l-4-6.5 4-9-4-6 4-7.5h-88.5v29z" />
<path fill="#FF931E" stroke="#000" d="M631.4 31.5h-44.9v29h90v-29z" />
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" d="M676.5 31.5h45v29h-45z" />
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" d="M721.5 31.5h45v29h-45z" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M90.5 37v-5m0 28v-5m91-18v-5m0 28v-5m45-18v-5m0 28v-5m45-18v-5m0 28v-5"
/>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M360.5 37v-5m0 28v-5" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M630.5 37v-5m0 28v-5" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M450.5 37v-5m0 28v-5" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M540.5 37v-5m0 28v-5" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M1.5 31.5h45v29h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(19.5 51.4)">:</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(59.2 51.4)">DataLen</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(195.7 51.4)">Address</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(329.2 51.4)">MsgType</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(423.7 51.4)">Data 0</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(513.7 51.4)">Data N</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(603.7 51.4)">Chksum</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(690.7 51.4)">\r</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(735.7 51.4)">\n</text>
</svg>
<figcaption>Figure 2: Layout of an Intel HEX data frame</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Here's an example: <code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0007</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">FF</code><code class="hexchksum">F7</code><code>\r\n</code> (though for brevity, I'm going to omit
the carriage return/newline sequence from here on). This is a message of type <code class="hexmsgtype">2</code> with
address <code class="hexaddr">7</code>, containing <code class="hexdatalen">1</code> data byte: <code class="hexdata">0xFF</code>.
Note that since we're spelling everything out in ASCII, one byte of numeric data requires two bytes to actually encode.</p>
<p>The <code class="hexdatalen">DataLen</code> field describes how many such two-character data byte sequences are present.
Note that since it is represented as a single byte, the data length cannot exceed 255 (0xFF), though in practice
the Luminator protocol only sends 16-byte chunks anyway. If <code class="hexdatalen">DataLen</code> is 0, there are
no data bytes, and <code class="hexmsgtype">MsgType</code> is followed directly by <code class="hexchksum">Chksum</code>.
The checksum is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check">longitudinal redundancy check</a>
calculated on all numeric fields.</p>
<h2>Protocol</h2>
<p>A handful of specific HEX message types make up the protocol:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Address</th>
<th>MsgType</th>
<th>Data</th>
<th>Notes</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Send Data</td>
<td>Data offset</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x00</code></td>
<td>16 data bytes</td>
<td>Used to send configuration and pixel data in chunks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data Chunks Sent</td>
<td># of chunks</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x01</code></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Number of 16-byte chunks sent via Send Data messages</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hello</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x02</code></td>
<td><code class="hexdata">0xFF</code></td>
<td>Initially discovers signs on the bus and queries their state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Goodbye</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x02</code></td>
<td><code class="hexdata">0x55</code></td>
<td>Tells a sign to blank itself and shut down</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Query State</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x02</code></td>
<td><code class="hexdata">0x00</code></td>
<td>Queries a sign for its current state</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Report State</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x04</code></td>
<td>State</td>
<td>Sent by the sign in reply to Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Request Operation</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x03</code></td>
<td>Operation</td>
<td>Requests that the sign perform an operation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Acknowledge Operation</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x05</code></td>
<td>Operation</td>
<td>Sent by the sign in reply to Request Operation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pixels Complete</td>
<td>Sign address</td>
<td><code class="hexmsgtype">0x06</code></td>
<td><code class="hexdata">0x00</code></td>
<td>Notifies the sign to begin normal operation</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Note that the Address field <em>often</em> refers to the sign's bus address, but is repurposed for the SendData and
Data Chunks Sent messages (as prior messages will have already indicated which sign should be paying attention to
the data).</p>
<p>The sign's possible states (communicated via Report State) are as follows:
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Value</th>
<th>Notes</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Unconfigured</td>
<td><code>0x0F</code></td>
<td>The sign's initial state after power on or reset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Config in Progress</td>
<td><code>0x0D</code></td>
<td>The sign is waiting to receive configuration data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Config Received</td>
<td><code>0x07</code></td>
<td>The sign has successfully received and understood the config data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Config Failed</td>
<td><code>0x0C</code></td>
<td>There was an error receiving the configuration data, or it was malformed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pixels in Progress</td>
<td><code>0x03</code></td>
<td>The sign is waiting to receive pixel data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pixels Received</td>
<td><code>0x01</code></td>
<td>The sign has successfully received and understood the pixel data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pixels Failed</td>
<td><code>0x0B</code></td>
<td>There was an error receiving the pixel data, or it was malformed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Page Loaded</td>
<td><code>0x10</code></td>
<td>The sign has loaded a page into memory and is ready to display it</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Page Load in Progress</td>
<td><code>0x13</code></td>
<td>The sign is in the process of loading a page into memory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Page Shown</td>
<td><code>0x12</code></td>
<td>The sign has shown the last loaded page (so memory is empty)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Page Show in Progress</td>
<td><code>0x11</code></td>
<td>The sign is in the process of showing the last loaded page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Showing Pages</td>
<td><code>0x00</code></td>
<td>The sign is independently showing and flipping pages (mutually exclusive with the above Page-related states)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ready to Reset</td>
<td><code>0x08</code></td>
<td>The sign has begun the reset process and is ready to return to Unconfigured</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The following operations can be requested via Request Operation (and are acknowledged with a different value in
an Acknowledge Operation):</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Request</th>
<th>Ack</th>
<th>Notes</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Receive Config</td>
<td><code>0xA1</code></td>
<td><code>0x95</code></td>
<td>Prepare to receive config data; switch to Config in Progress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Receive Pixels</td>
<td><code>0xA2</code></td>
<td><code>0x91</code></td>
<td>Prepare to receive pixel data; switch to Pixels in Progress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Show Loaded Page</td>
<td><code>0xA9</code></td>
<td><code>0x96</code></td>
<td>Show the page currently loaded in memory; switch to Page Show in Progress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Load Next Page</td>
<td><code>0xAA</code></td>
<td><code>0x97</code></td>
<td>Begin loading the next page into memory; switch to Page Load in Progress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Start Reset</td>
<td><code>0xA6</code></td>
<td><code>0x93</code></td>
<td>Begin the reset process; switch to Ready to Reset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Finish Reset</td>
<td><code>0xA7</code></td>
<td><code>0x94</code></td>
<td>Finish resetting; switch to Unconfigured</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>State Machine</h2>
<p>The system is driven by a controller, which in a real bus would be an ODK (Operator's Display and Keyboard). Signs
don't initiate communication; they only respond to messages from the controller. Each sign maintains a state
machine which is driven by the controller. The typical sequence goes like this:</p>
<ol>
<li>Discover a sign on the bus</li>
<li>If it's not already in the Unconfigured state, reset it</li>
<li>Send config data</li>
<li>Send pixel data</li>
<li>If the sign flips automatically, we're done, otherwise:</li>
<li>Show the first page</li>
<li>Cycle through loading and showing additional pages</li>
<li>When pages need to be updated, go to step 4</li>
</ol>
<p>Here's a concrete example of a typical exchange between a controller and a sign with address 3 comprising discovery,
configuration, sending one page of pixels, then showing that page:</p>
<table class="fullwidth">
<colgroup>
<col class="sender"/>
<col class="rawmessage"/>
<col class="decodedmessage"/>
</colgroup>
<tr>
<th>Sender</th>
<th>Raw Message</th>
<th>Decoded Message</th>
</tr>
<tr class="description">
<td colspan="3">Discovery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">FF</code><code class="hexchksum">FB</code></td>
<td>Hello to sign 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">0F</code><code class="hexchksum">E9</code></td>
<td>Report State (Unconfigured)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="description">
<td colspan="3">Configuration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">03</code><code
class="hexdata">A1</code><code class="hexchksum">58</code></td>
<td>Request Operation (Receive Config)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">05</code><code
class="hexdata">95</code><code class="hexchksum">62</code></td>
<td>Acknowledge Operation (Receive Config)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0000</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">04200006071E1E1E0008000000000000</code><code class="hexchksum">5D</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">00</code><code class="hexaddr">0001</code><code class="hexmsgtype">01</code><code
class="hexchksum">FE</code></td>
<td>Data Chunks Sent (1)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">FA</code></td>
<td>Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">07</code><code class="hexchksum">F1</code></td>
<td>Report State (Config Received)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="description">
<td colspan="3">Pixel Data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">03</code><code
class="hexdata">A2</code><code class="hexchksum">57</code></td>
<td>Request Operation (Receive Pixels)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">05</code><code
class="hexdata">91</code><code class="hexchksum">66</code></td>
<td>Acknowledge Operation (Receive Pixels)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0000</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">00100000112244081122440811224408</code><code class="hexchksum">63</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0010</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">11224408112244081122440811224408</code><code class="hexchksum">E4</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0020</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">11224408112244081122440811224408</code><code class="hexchksum">D4</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0030</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">11224408112244081122440811224408</code><code class="hexchksum">C4</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0040</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">11224408112244081122440811224408</code><code class="hexchksum">B4</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">10</code><code class="hexaddr">0050</code><code class="hexmsgtype">00</code><code
class="hexdata">1122440811224408112244081122FFFF</code><code class="hexchksum">F2</code></td>
<td>Send Data at offset 80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">00</code><code class="hexaddr">0006</code><code class="hexmsgtype">01</code><code
class="hexchksum">F9</code></td>
<td>Data Chunks Sent (6)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">FA</code></td>
<td>Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">01</code><code class="hexchksum">F7</code></td>
<td>Report State (Pixels Received)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">06</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">F6</code></td>
<td>Pixels Complete</td>
</tr>
<tr class="description">
<td colspan="3">Page Load/Show Cycle (Manual Flip Signs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">FA</code></td>
<td>Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">10</code><code class="hexchksum">E8</code></td>
<td>Report State (Page Loaded)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">03</code><code
class="hexdata">A9</code><code class="hexchksum">50</code></td>
<td>Request Operation (Show Loaded Page)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">05</code><code
class="hexdata">96</code><code class="hexchksum">61</code></td>
<td>Acknowledge Operation (Show Loaded Page)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">FA</code></td>
<td>Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">11</code><code class="hexchksum">E7</code></td>
<td>Report State (Page Show in Progress)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">FA</code></td>
<td>Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">12</code><code class="hexchksum">E6</code></td>
<td>Report State (Page Shown)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>There is also a simpler version that somes signs use where the sign shows and flips pages independently without
input from the controller after receiving Pixels Complete:</p>
<table class="fullwidth">
<colgroup>
<col class="sender"/>
<col class="rawmessage"/>
<col class="decodedmessage"/>
</colgroup>
<tr class="description">
<td colspan="3">Page Load/Show Cycle (Automatic Flip Signs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Controller</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">02</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">FA</code></td>
<td>Query State</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sign</td>
<td><code>:</code><code class="hexdatalen">01</code><code class="hexaddr">0003</code><code class="hexmsgtype">04</code><code
class="hexdata">00</code><code class="hexchksum">F8</code></td>
<td>Report State (Showing Pages)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The full state machine is as follows:</p>
<figure>
<svg width="866" height="530">
<path fill="#D7EDC5" d="M219.2 243.7h484v283h-484z" />
<g fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10">
<path d="M703.7 525.7v1h-1" />
<path stroke-dasharray="2 2" d="M700.2 527.2h-479" />
<path d="M220.2 526.7h-1v-1" />
<path stroke-dasharray="2 2" d="M218.7 523.7v-279" />
<path d="M219.2 244.2v-1h1" />
<path stroke-dasharray="2 2" d="M222.2 243.2h479" />
<path d="M702.7 243.2h1v1" />
<path stroke-dasharray="2 2" d="M703.7 245.7v279" />
</g>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M56.7 128.2h100v50h-100z" />
<path fill="#F2F2F2" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-dasharray="2" d="M56.7 381.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(63.7 157.8)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Unconfigured</text>
<text transform="translate(73.2 411.2)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">(Any state)</text>
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M231.7 128.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="matrix(1.0588 0 0 1 261.8 148.9)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="13.9">Config</tspan>
<tspan x="-13.5" y="16.7" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="13.9">In Progress</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M406.7 128.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(436.4 148.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Config</tspan>
<tspan x="-8.1" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Received</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M231.7 3.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(261.4 23.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Config</tspan>
<tspan x="1.1" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Failed</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M581.7 128.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(613.4 148.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Pixels</tspan>
<tspan x="-16.7" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">In Progress</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M756.7 128.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(788.4 148.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Pixels</tspan>
<tspan x="-10.1" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Received</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M581.7 381.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(616.1 401.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Page</tspan>
<tspan x="-8" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Loaded</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M581.7 464.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(604.4 484.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Showing</tspan>
<tspan x="8.6" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Pages</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M231.7 381.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(266.1 401.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Page</tspan>
<tspan x="-6.1" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Shown</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M56.7 256.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(77.6 276.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Ready To</tspan>
<tspan x="11.6" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Reset</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M406.7 381.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(422 401.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Page Show</tspan>
<tspan x="-.3" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">In Progress</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M406.7 256.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(424 276.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Page Load</tspan>
<tspan x="-2.2" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">In Progress</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M581.7 3.2h100v50h-100z" />
<text transform="translate(613.4 23.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Pixels</tspan>
<tspan x="-.9" y="18" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">Failed</tspan>
</text>
<path
d="M157.2 153.2h71m-9-3.5 10 3.5-10 3.5m74.5-29v-71m-3.5 8.5 3.5-10 3.5 10M106.7 256.7v-74m-3.5 8.5 3.5-10 3.5 10m151.8.3 7.1-8-.6 10.6M106.7 42.7v82m3.5-10-3.5 10-3.5-10m519.5-61v71m3.5-10-3.5 10-3.5-10m-349.5-61v71m3.5-10-3.5 10-3.5-10"
fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" />
<g fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10">
<path d="M632.7 377.7v-95.5H507.2" />
<path d="m636.2 367.7-3.5 10-3.5-10" />
</g>
<path
d="M106.7 380.7v-71m-3.5 8.5 3.5-10 3.5 10m535.5-190.5v-71m-3.5 8.5 3.5-10 3.5 10m-37.5 178.5v-60m-3.5 8.5 3.5-10 3.5 10m-283-39h71m-9-3.5 10 3.5-10 3.5"
fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" />
<g fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10">
<path d="M403.2 281.2H282.7v99.5" />
<path d="m394.2 277.7 10 3.5-10 3.5" />
</g>
<path d="M507.2 153.2h71m-9-3.5 10 3.5-10 3.5m13 249.5h-71m9 3.5-10-3.5 10-3.5" fill="none" stroke="#000"
stroke-miterlimit="10" />
<g fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10">
<path d="M685.2 406.2h121.5V178.7" />
<path d="m694.2 409.7-10-3.5 10-3.5" />
</g>
<g fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10">
<path d="M685.2 489.2h121.5v-82.5" />
<path d="m694.2 492.7-10-3.5 10-3.5" />
</g>
<path d="M406.2 406.2h-71m9 3.5-10-3.5 10-3.5m338-249.5h71m-9-3.5 10 3.5-10 3.5" fill="none" stroke="#000"
stroke-miterlimit="10" />
<text transform="translate(58 33.7)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">(Power on sign)</text>
<text transform="translate(22.2 524.7)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15">(Sign blanks and shuts down)</text>
<text transform="translate(708 264.7)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="30">*</text>
<text transform="translate(160.5 401.7)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="30">**</text>
<text transform="translate(178 128.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Receive</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Config</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(224.2 88.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Receive</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Config</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(526.2 170.5)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Receive</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Pixels</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(564.2 213.7)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Receive</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Pixels</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(574.2 88.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Receive</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Pixels</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(118.2 347.2)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Start Reset</text>
<text transform="translate(118.2 471.2)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Goodbye</text>
<text transform="translate(118.2 221.7)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Finish Reset</text>
<text transform="translate(4.2 135.4)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Hello</text>
<text transform="translate(814.2 273.6)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Pixels</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Complete</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(728.2 381.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">(If sign is</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">manual flip)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(728.2 464.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">(If sign is</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">auto flip)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(291.8 303.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Load</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Next Page</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(642.5 303.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">(Sign</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">loads</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="28.8" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">page)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(352.2 359.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">(Sign</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">shows</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="28.8" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">page)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(338.2 170.5)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Data Chunks</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Sent (OK)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(687.2 170.5)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Data Chunks</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Sent (OK)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(300.8 88.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Data Chunks</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Sent (Error)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="translate(656.7 88.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Data Chunks</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Sent (Error)</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M281.7 178.2a16 16 0 1 1-13.2 6.8m-225-49.6 8 7-10.6-.6" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M56.9 155a16 16 0 1 1-7-13.2" />
<text transform="translate(11.5 357.7)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Hello/</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Query</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="28.8" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">State</tspan>
</text>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="m43.5 392.4 8 7-10.6-.6" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M56.9 412a16 16 0 1 1-7-13.2" />
<text transform="translate(255.5 225)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Send Data</text>
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="m637 191.5 7.1-8-.6 10.6" />
<path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M656.7 178.2a16 16 0 1 1-13.2 6.8" />
<text transform="translate(628.7 225)" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Send Data</text>
<text transform="translate(522.2 359.2)">
<tspan x="0" y="0" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Show</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="14.4" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Loaded</tspan>
<tspan x="0" y="28.8" font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="12">Page</tspan>
</text>
<path d="M106.7 431.7v73m3.5-8-3.5 10-3.5-10" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" />
</svg>
<figcaption>Figure 3: Sign's state machine</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>* The green box with the dashed border represents the set of "running" states. It is legal to request Receive
Pixels from any of these states in order to update the set of pages.</p>
<p>** The light gray box with the dashed border represents any state. You can always request Query State (or Hello)
to see what the current state is, and you can always start fresh by issuing a Start Reset. This is helpful to
get back into a known state if you connect to a sign that's been already been running for a while. You can also
blank the sign and shut down from any state, but I don't find this very useful since turning off switched power
will also blank my sign.</p>
<h2>Timings</h2>
<p>To avoid overloading the sign, a small delay is recommended after each Send Data message, e.g. 30ms.</p>
<p>When loading or showing a page, the sign can take a second or more to complete the operation, depending on factors
like how many dots need to flip. While checking if that operation has completed (by polling Query State messages)
before moving onto the next one, you may want to insert a delay (say 100ms or so) after each Page Load/Show in
Progress response in order to avoid spamming the sign with status requests.</p>
<h2>Configuration Data</h2>
<p>It's not exactly clear to me if this data actually configures the sign in some way, is verified by the sign to
ensure the controller has properly identified it, or something else entirely. I've haven't wanted to risk doing
any experiments along these lines on my sign. Regardless, you need to send this sign-specific block of 16 bytes
as part of establishing communication. The first byte indicates the family of sign, and different families have
different formats for the rest of the configuration block.</p>
<p>Note: I'm going to describe sign dimensions using the computer graphics convention of width × height since
that's the direction I'm approaching this from.</p>
<figure>
<svg width="734" height="82">
<path fill="#FF75A8" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M7.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(12.1 70.4)">
0x04
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(25.6 39.7)">
0
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(70.6 39.7)">
1
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(115.6 39.7)">
2
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(160.6 39.7)">
3
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(205.6 39.7)">
4
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(250.6 39.7)">
5
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(295.6 39.7)">
6
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(340.6 39.7)">
7
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(385.6 39.7)">
8
</text>
<text font-family="Source Sans Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(350.2 13)">
Bytes
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(430.6 39.7)">
9
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(471.1 39.7)">
10
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(516.1 39.7)">
11
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(561.1 39.7)">
12
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(606.1 39.7)">
13
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(651.1 39.7)">
14
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(696.1 39.7)">
15
</text>
<path fill="#7AC943" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M187.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(205.6 70.4)">
H
</text>
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M232.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(246.1 70.4)">
W1
</text>
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M277.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(291.1 70.4)">
W2
</text>
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M322.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(336.1 70.4)">
W3
</text>
<path fill="#3FA9F5" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M52.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(66.1 70.4)">
ID
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M97.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(102.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M142.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(156.1 70.4)">
??
</text>
<path fill="#FF262E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M367.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(381.1 70.4)">
W4
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M547.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(552.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M592.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(597.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M637.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(642.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M682.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(687.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
<path fill="#FF931E" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M412.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(430.6 70.4)">
B
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M457.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(462.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
<path fill="#CCC" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M502.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(507.1 70.4)">
0x00
</text>
</svg>
<figcaption>Figure 4: Configuration format for MAX 3000 signs</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>MAX 3000 signs have an initial byte of <code class="signfamily">0x04</code>. <code class="signid">ID</code> is a
unique ID for the particular sign type within the family, e.g. the 90 × 7 side sign has ID <code class="signid">0x20</code>.
Byte 2 seems to always be zero, and byte 3 is unknown. <code class="signheight">H</code> is the height in pixels,
and <code class="signwidth">W1 + W2 + W3 + W4</code> is the total width. <code class="signbits">B</code> indicates
the number of bits per column (either 8 or 16). The remaining bytes appear unused and are always zero.</p>
<figure>
<svg width="734" height="82">
<path fill="#FF75A8" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M7.5 49.5h45v30h-45z" />
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(12.1 70.4)">
0x08
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(25.6 39.7)">
0
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(70.6 39.7)">
1
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(115.6 39.7)">
2
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(160.6 39.7)">
3
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(205.6 39.7)">
4
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(250.6 39.7)">
5
</text>
<text font-family="Source Code Pro" font-size="15" transform="translate(295.6 39.7)">