diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 6c333c3..ab9be27 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -41,3 +41,6 @@ coverage/
 # Temporary files
 *.tmp
 .cache/
+
+# for folks who use Wakatime for time-in-editor insights
+.wakatime-project
diff --git a/core/src/time.ts b/core/src/time.ts
index 1d88faf..4a1266d 100644
--- a/core/src/time.ts
+++ b/core/src/time.ts
@@ -202,6 +202,36 @@ class TimeOfDay {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Configuration strings for duration formatting.
+ */
+const DURATION_FORMAT_CONFIG = {
+  long: {
+    suffixes: {
+      weeks: { singular: " week", plural: " weeks" },
+      days: { singular: " day", plural: " days" },
+      hours: { singular: " hour", plural: " hours" },
+      minutes: { singular: " minute", plural: " minutes" },
+      seconds: { singular: " second", plural: " seconds" },
+      milliseconds: { singular: " millisecond", plural: " milliseconds" },
+    },
+    less_than: "less than ",
+    separator: ", ",
+  },
+  short: {
+    suffixes: {
+      weeks: { singular: "w", plural: "w" },
+      days: { singular: "d", plural: "d" },
+      hours: { singular: "h", plural: "h" },
+      minutes: { singular: "m", plural: "m" },
+      seconds: { singular: "s", plural: "s" },
+      milliseconds: { singular: "ms", plural: "ms" },
+    },
+    less_than: "< ",
+    separator: " ",
+  },
+} as const;
+
 /** A length of time. */
 class Duration {
   private constructor(private readonly millis: number) {}
@@ -226,6 +256,10 @@ class Duration {
     return Duration.hours(n * 24);
   }
 
+  static weeks(n: number): Duration {
+    return Duration.days(n * 7);
+  }
+
   asMilliseconds(): number {
     return this.millis;
   }
@@ -246,6 +280,10 @@ class Duration {
     return this.millis / Duration.days(1).millis;
   }
 
+  asWeeks(): number {
+    return this.millis / Duration.weeks(1).millis;
+  }
+
   add(other: Duration): Duration {
     return new Duration(this.millis + other.millis);
   }
@@ -298,7 +336,6 @@ class Duration {
     return new Duration(Math.abs(this.millis));
   }
 
-  /** Parts as absolute numbers. */
   parts(): {
     days: number;
     hours: number;
@@ -335,6 +372,79 @@ class Duration {
     return prefix + dayPart + (hasTimePart ? "T" + timeParts : "");
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Formats a duration to a friendly, human readable string.  First argument (`verbosity`) can be
+   * either "short" (e.g. 1w 3d 5h 2m 0s 20ms) or long (e.g. 1 week, 3 days, 5 hours, 2 minutes, 20 milliseconds).
+   *
+   * Options allow for truncation after minutes or seconds.  Additionally, if the truncated duration would
+   * evaluate to zero but not _exactly_ zero (e.g. a duration of 20 seconds when truncated to minutes will
+   * result in 0m), there is an option `show_less_than_when_close_to_zero` which will prefix either "<" (short)
+   * or "less than" long in this case, which is recommended when users are actively "watching the clock".
+   */
+  toFormatted(
+    verbosity: "short" | "long",
+    options: {
+      truncateAfter?: "minutes" | "seconds";
+      onTruncation?: "show_less_than_when_close_to_zero";
+    } = {},
+  ): string {
+    if (this.millis < 0) {
+      return this.absolute().toFormatted(verbosity, options);
+    }
+
+    const { days: _days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds } = this.parts();
+    const weeks = Math.floor(this.asWeeks());
+    const days = _days % 7;
+    const { suffixes, less_than, separator } = DURATION_FORMAT_CONFIG[verbosity];
+
+    // Zero
+    if (this.millis === 0) {
+      return "0" + suffixes[options.truncateAfter ?? "milliseconds"].plural;
+    }
+
+    // Close to zero
+    if (options.onTruncation === "show_less_than_when_close_to_zero") {
+      // Less than one minute
+      if (options.truncateAfter === "minutes" && this.asMinutes() < 1) {
+        return `${less_than}1${suffixes["minutes"].singular}`;
+      }
+
+      // Less than one second
+      if (options.truncateAfter === "seconds" && this.asSeconds() < 1) {
+        return `${less_than}1${suffixes["seconds"].singular}`;
+      }
+
+      // Less than one millisecond
+      if (this.asMilliseconds() < 1) {
+        return `${less_than}1${suffixes["milliseconds"].singular}`;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const parts = (
+      [
+        [weeks, "weeks"],
+        [days, "days"],
+        [hours, "hours"],
+        [minutes, "minutes"],
+        [seconds, "seconds"],
+        [milliseconds, "milliseconds"],
+      ] as const
+    ).slice(
+      0,
+      options.truncateAfter === "minutes" ? 4
+      : options.truncateAfter === "seconds" ? 5
+      : 6,
+    );
+
+    while (parts[0]?.[0] === 0) parts.shift(); // remove leading zeroes
+    while (parts[parts.length - 1]?.[0] === 0) parts.pop(); // remove trailing zeroes
+
+    const pluralised = (amount: number, forms: { singular: string; plural: string }) =>
+      amount.toString() + (amount == 1 ? forms.singular : forms.plural);
+
+    return parts.map(([amount, unit]) => pluralised(amount, suffixes[unit])).join(separator);
+  }
+
   /** Parses ISO-8601 duration string (e.g., "P1DT2H30M45.123S"). */
   static fromISO8601(str: string): Maybe<Duration> {
     // Supports: P[nD]T[nH][nM][nS] with optional decimals on any component
diff --git a/core/tests/suites/time.ts b/core/tests/suites/time.ts
index 903bfba..7777221 100644
--- a/core/tests/suites/time.ts
+++ b/core/tests/suites/time.ts
@@ -199,6 +199,81 @@ const tests = group("time", [
         expect.equals(result.remainder.asMilliseconds(), 0);
       }),
     ]),
+    group("toFormatted", [
+      test("trims leading zeros, but not internal ones", () => {
+        expect.equals(Duration.days(1).add(Duration.minutes(5)).toFormatted("short"), "1d 0h 5m");
+      }),
+      test("truncates correctly after minutes (no special behavior)", () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.days(1)
+            .add(Duration.minutes(5))
+            .add(Duration.seconds(40))
+            .toFormatted("short", { truncateAfter: "minutes" }),
+          "1d 0h 5m",
+        );
+      }),
+      test("truncates correctly after seconds (no special behavior)", () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.days(1)
+            .add(Duration.minutes(5))
+            .add(Duration.seconds(40))
+            .add(Duration.milliseconds(500))
+            .toFormatted("short", { truncateAfter: "seconds" }),
+          "1d 0h 5m 40s",
+        );
+      }),
+      test('truncates correctly after minutes close to zero (show "less than")', () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.seconds(20).toFormatted("short", {
+            truncateAfter: "minutes",
+            onTruncation: "show_less_than_when_close_to_zero",
+          }),
+          "< 1m",
+        );
+      }),
+      test('truncates correctly after seconds close to zero (show "less than")', () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.milliseconds(400).toFormatted("short", {
+            truncateAfter: "seconds",
+            onTruncation: "show_less_than_when_close_to_zero",
+          }),
+          "< 1s",
+        );
+      }),
+      test("singular for long units", () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.weeks(1)
+            .add(Duration.days(1))
+            .add(Duration.hours(1))
+            .add(Duration.minutes(1))
+            .add(Duration.seconds(1))
+            .add(Duration.milliseconds(1))
+            .toFormatted("long"),
+          "1 week, 1 day, 1 hour, 1 minute, 1 second, 1 millisecond",
+        );
+      }),
+      test("plural for long units", () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.weeks(2)
+            .add(Duration.days(2))
+            .add(Duration.hours(2))
+            .add(Duration.minutes(2))
+            .add(Duration.seconds(2))
+            .add(Duration.milliseconds(2))
+            .toFormatted("long"),
+          "2 weeks, 2 days, 2 hours, 2 minutes, 2 seconds, 2 milliseconds",
+        );
+      }),
+      test("truncation behavior in long format", () => {
+        expect.equals(
+          Duration.seconds(5).toFormatted("long", {
+            truncateAfter: "minutes",
+            onTruncation: "show_less_than_when_close_to_zero",
+          }),
+          "less than 1 minute",
+        );
+      }),
+    ]),
   ]),
 ]);
 
diff --git a/core/tsconfig.json b/core/tsconfig.json
index 3dee2c1..2a26cc1 100644
--- a/core/tsconfig.json
+++ b/core/tsconfig.json
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "compilerOptions": {
-    "target": "ES2022",
+    "target": "ES2023",
     "module": "ESNext",
-    "lib": ["ES2022"],
+    "lib": ["ES2023"],
     "declaration": true,
     "baseUrl": "./src",
     "strict": true,