misc-programming-notes/programming-fundamentals.html at master · arturolei/misc-programming-notes · GitHub

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	<title>Programming Fundamentals (D-Lab Berkeley)</title>
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	<p>
		Knowing how to program is not the same as knowing how to program in a specific language. Programming as a way of thinking, a way of conceptualizing the world.

		Here are some ways programming languages differ:
		-Syntax (the grammar, how you write things and certain structures)
		-Usage--How is the languaeg used?
		-Level-->How close are you to the hardware? C is considered one of the lowest (closest to the machine)
		-Compiled/Interpreted--> R and Python are interpreted (we work through as we go it) whereas C and Java need to be compiled (checked for errors then run)
		-Object-oriented/Functional programming

		So how should we start? What language do you want to learn?
		-Skopos-->To what end do you want to learn a language?
	</p>

	<p>You're going to spend a hell of a lot of time debugging code that you have written. StackOverflow will be your new best friend. Google will be your other new best friend</p>

	<p>Print statements will be your friend.</p>

	<p>OS a body or suite of programs that make what we do nice.</p>

	<p>Unix has more rigorous security. OSX is UNIX!!! (see D-lab notes for more difference)</p>

	<p>Linux is free and open source Unix-like operating</p>

	<p> UNIX has 1) a kernel, the hub of everything. 2) the shell interprets commands given to machine by us. 3) file system/hierarchical director story, root directory at the top.

	<strong>Command Line Interface</strong>

	The Shell: we are sending commands to the shell, the shell is more or less an interpreter. The shell encloses the operating system to hide some of the complexity.


	</p>

	<p>BASH-Boure Again Shell-->derived from name of creator Bourne

	Why do we use shell? Comine existing tools with only a few keystrokes.

	Easiest way to interact with remote machines-->the machines do the crunching far away so we don't have to waste our laptop doing the work.

	Directories = folders

	Usual style

	(command) (flag/a thing with a hyphen) (files or directories, could be multiple or one)

	A command might require no files.

	ls -F, adds a trailing / to indicate that something is a folder/directory.

	man ls-->returns manual or description of ls (Mac), NB: type q to escape from The Isle of Manual

	If you got ls --help

	Absolute vs Relative path
	-->Absolute path is starting from root directory, relative is dependent on where the hell you are.

	Change directory. = cd

	ls -a, what does the -a flag do? It stands for "reveal all"
	cd ~, takes you home, to the home directory.

	NB: Tab completion, if you beginning typing a path out, you can press tab to complete the thing.

	.. -->Takes us one up.

	MANAGGIA! I learned the commands.

	NB: Deleting is essentially forever. There is no easy way to undo.

	"rm" only works for files, not folders. rmdir is for scripts. You cannot delete a non empty directory/folder

	"cat" reveals the contents of a folder.

	'mv' mv (origin) (destination), if mv (origin) (origin), rewrite file name

	'cp' = copy, cp (origin/original) (copy name and destination)

	'ls' (file name) --> returns whether file can be found in pwd or not.

	</p>


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