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CO2 line mixing for isotopologue 4 (627) gives negative inter-line absorption near 665 cm-1 #1138

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@tvince

Separate from #1130 (which fixed the hot-band Y sign) — this one survives that fix.

Running ARTS 2.6.x built from source (pyarts 2.6.19-dev, includes #1130/#1133),
I'm seeing a large BT artifact near the CO2 ν2 Q-branch when HITRAN line mixing
is on. It traces to isotopologue 4 (627); its ν2 line mixing pushes the
inter-line absorption negative across roughly 664.7–666.0 cm-1, so the BT floor
jumps from ~218 K to ~250 K.

Setup: AFGL US Standard, nadir, blackbody surface, CO2 only (no H2O/continuum),
HITRAN 2020 .par, 25 cm-1 cutoff, mode="VP_Y", BT at 0.002 cm-1.

It's the line-mixing step, not the catalog. At 665.00 cm-1:

BT (K)
LM off 219.58
LM on, all iso 252.98

LM-off agrees with an independent LBL code to 0.08 K here, so the base line
shape is fine.

Filtering the relmat basedir by isotopologue pins it to iso-4:

LM config BT(665.00)
iso-1 only 217.62
iso-1 + 2 219.12
iso-1 + 3 217.91
iso-1 + 4 252.96
all iso 252.98

iso-4 on its own reproduces the whole thing; iso 1–3 are fine.

At 0.002 cm-1 it's a comb, not one line: iso-4 lifts the floor between the lines
while the cores still absorb. The band intensity clearly isn't being conserved.
The lines involved are in the 627 band files S40110100001I/S40110100001II
(split into I/II), near 664.97/665.00/665.03 cm-1.

Reproducer: drop the S4*.dat band files (and their rows in BandInfo.dat /
Bandinfo_ini.dat) from the relmat basedir and BT(665.00) goes back to 217.6 K;
put them back and it's 253.0 K.

Same result in VP_Y and VP_W, so it looks like the per-isotopologue relmat
assembly/normalization for 627 rather than the full-W code. My guess is the I/II
split-band handling or a population term specific to this isotopologue. Happy to
attach a plot of the comb.

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