[8.8.0] Move `CppCompileAction#getEffectiveEnvironment(Map, PathMapper)` up to `Action`

[bazel-io]

Forked from #29874

[bazel-io]

Cherry-pick was attempted but there were merge conflicts in the following file(s). Please resolve manually.

src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/analysis/actions/SpawnAction.java
src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/cpp/CppCompileAction.java
src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/java/JavaCompileAction.java
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/cpp/CppLinkActionTest.java

cc: @bazelbuild/triage

[iancha1992]

Cherry-pick was attempted but there were merge conflicts in the following file(s). Please resolve manually.

src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/analysis/actions/SpawnAction.java src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/cpp/CppCompileAction.java src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/java/JavaCompileAction.java src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/cpp/CppLinkActionTest.java

cc: @bazelbuild/triage

@fmeum @lberki @gregestren