diff --git a/src/commands/cli-grammar/common.test.ts b/src/commands/cli-grammar/common.test.ts
index 4c58eba487..10ff17a910 100644
--- a/src/commands/cli-grammar/common.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/cli-grammar/common.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
 import type { CliFlags } from '@agent-device/contracts/command';
-import { commonInputFromFlags, selectionOptionsFromFlags } from './common.ts';
+import { commonInputFromFlags, readJsonObject, selectionOptionsFromFlags } from './common.ts';
 
 function flags(overrides: Partial<CliFlags> = {}): CliFlags {
   return overrides as CliFlags;
@@ -91,3 +91,27 @@ describe('selectionOptionsFromFlags', () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+// `trigger-app-event [payloadJson]` reads its payload through this reader, so the
+// refusal must name the label the user actually typed against.
+describe('readJsonObject', () => {
+  test('accepts a JSON object', () => {
+    expect(readJsonObject('{"aps":{"alert":"hi"}}', 'payload')).toEqual({
+      aps: { alert: 'hi' },
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('refuses malformed JSON, arrays, nulls, and scalars with the labelled error', () => {
+    const refusal = (value: string) =>
+      expect(() => readJsonObject(value, 'trigger-app-event payload')).toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          code: 'INVALID_ARGS',
+          message: 'trigger-app-event payload must be a JSON object',
+        }),
+      );
+    refusal('not json');
+    refusal('[1,2]');
+    refusal('null');
+    refusal('7');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/commands/interaction/index.test.ts b/src/commands/interaction/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..815d0aa62c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/commands/interaction/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+import type { CliFlags } from '@agent-device/contracts/command';
+import type { AgentDeviceClient } from '../../client/client-types.ts';
+import { gestureCliReaders } from './gesture.ts';
+import { interactionCommandFamily } from './index.ts';
+
+const NO_FLAGS = {} as CliFlags;
+
+/**
+ * The gesture `run` projection is exercised through the family's executable
+ * definition — the same `invoke` path the CLI/daemon/MCP surfaces dispatch
+ * through — with a client that records which interaction method each gesture
+ * kind lands on and with which options.
+ */
+function recordingGestureClient(calls: Array<{ method: string; options: unknown }>) {
+  const interactions = new Proxy(
+    {},
+    {
+      get: (_target, method: string) => async (options: unknown) => {
+        calls.push({ method, options });
+        return { ok: true };
+      },
+    },
+  );
+  return { interactions } as unknown as AgentDeviceClient;
+}
+
+function gestureDefinition() {
+  const definition = interactionCommandFamily.definitions.find((entry) => entry.name === 'gesture');
+  if (!definition) throw new Error('missing gesture definition');
+  return definition;
+}
+
+describe('gesture run dispatch', () => {
+  // Each entry pins both halves of the run projection: which
+  // `client.interactions.*` method the kind routes to and how its payload
+  // lands on that method's options (`gesture.test.ts` covers the reader and
+  // daemon writer, not this client-side projection).
+  test.for([
+    {
+      argv: ['pan', '10', '20', '5', '6', '300'],
+      method: 'pan',
+      options: { x: 10, y: 20, dx: 5, dy: 6, durationMs: 300 },
+    },
+    {
+      argv: ['fling', 'up', '10', '20', '400'],
+      method: 'fling',
+      options: { direction: 'up', x: 10, y: 20, distance: 400 },
+    },
+    { argv: ['swipe', 'left-edge'], method: 'swipeGesture', options: { preset: 'left-edge' } },
+    { argv: ['pinch', '2', '30', '40'], method: 'pinch', options: { scale: 2, x: 30, y: 40 } },
+    {
+      argv: ['rotate', '45', '10', '20'],
+      method: 'rotateGesture',
+      options: { degrees: 45, x: 10, y: 20 },
+    },
+    {
+      argv: ['transform', '10', '20', '5', '6', '1.5', '45', '250'],
+      method: 'transformGesture',
+      options: { x: 10, y: 20, dx: 5, dy: 6, scale: 1.5, degrees: 45, durationMs: 250 },
+    },
+    {
+      argv: ['drag', 'id="drag-source"', '@e2~s42', '700', '600', '200'],
+      method: 'drag',
+      options: {
+        source: 'id="drag-source"',
+        destination: '@e2~s42',
+        sourceHoldMs: 700,
+        moveMs: 600,
+        destinationHoldMs: 200,
+      },
+    },
+  ])(
+    '%argv routes to client.interactions.%method with projected options',
+    async ({ argv, method, options }) => {
+      const calls: Array<{ method: string; options: unknown }> = [];
+      const input = gestureCliReaders.gesture(argv, NO_FLAGS);
+      await gestureDefinition().invoke(recordingGestureClient(calls), input);
+      expect(calls).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(calls[0]?.method).toBe(method);
+      expect(calls[0]?.options).toMatchObject(options);
+    },
+  );
+
+  test('pinch without an origin still projects the scale', async () => {
+    const calls: Array<{ method: string; options: unknown }> = [];
+    const input = gestureCliReaders.gesture(['pinch', '2'], NO_FLAGS);
+    await gestureDefinition().invoke(recordingGestureClient(calls), input);
+    const options = calls[0]?.options as { scale?: number; x?: unknown } | undefined;
+    expect(options).toMatchObject({ scale: 2 });
+    expect(options?.x).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/commands/interaction/runtime/settle-transition-baseline.test.ts b/src/commands/interaction/runtime/settle-transition-baseline.test.ts
index b3b7cf01b9..dd3851fb9a 100644
--- a/src/commands/interaction/runtime/settle-transition-baseline.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/interaction/runtime/settle-transition-baseline.test.ts
@@ -114,3 +114,81 @@ test('settle uses the authorized ref frame instead of a polluted evidence captur
     `settled against polluted evidence after ${outcome.observation.waitedMs}ms`,
   );
 });
+
+// The point-target chain (`kind: 'point'`, no pre-action evidence) falls to
+// sessionBaseline, which prefers the session's ref frame over the operational
+// snapshot and only yields the empty baseline for a pre-frame session. The
+// branch chosen decides what the settled diff reports as removed.
+async function settlePointTargetAgainstSession(session: {
+  name: string;
+  refFrameSnapshot?: typeof elementThreadsNoticeSnapshot;
+  snapshot?: typeof elementThreadsNoticeSnapshot;
+}) {
+  let elapsedMs = 0;
+  const runtime = createAgentDevice({
+    backend: {
+      platform: 'ios',
+      captureSnapshot: async () => ({
+        snapshot: elapsedMs < 1_200 ? elementTransientRoomSnapshot : elementSettledRoomSnapshot,
+      }),
+    } satisfies AgentDeviceBackend,
+    artifacts: createLocalArtifactAdapter(),
+    sessions: createMemorySessionStore([session]),
+    policy: localCommandPolicy(),
+    clock: {
+      now: () => elapsedMs,
+      sleep: async (ms: number) => {
+        elapsedMs += ms;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  const outcome = await settleAfterInteraction(
+    runtime,
+    { session: 'default' },
+    {
+      // A tap at the transient room's title field: the branch under test only
+      // runs for a non-ref resolution with no pre-action evidence.
+      resolved: { kind: 'point', point: { x: 100, y: 67 } },
+      quietMs: 500,
+      timeoutMs: 5_000,
+    },
+  );
+  const diff = outcome.observation.diff;
+  assert.ok(diff, `expected a settled diff: ${outcome.observation.hint ?? 'no hint'}`);
+  return {
+    removed: diff.lines.filter((line) => line.kind === 'removed').map((line) => line.text),
+  };
+}
+
+test('point-target settle prefers the session ref frame over the operational snapshot', async () => {
+  const { removed } = await settlePointTargetAgainstSession({
+    name: 'default',
+    refFrameSnapshot: elementThreadsNoticeSnapshot,
+    snapshot: elementTransientRoomSnapshot,
+  });
+  assert.ok(
+    removed.some((text) => text.includes('Threads no longer experimental')),
+    `ref frame should be the baseline: ${removed.join(' | ')}`,
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    !removed.some((text) => text.includes('Weekend Plans')),
+    `operational snapshot leaked into the baseline: ${removed.join(' | ')}`,
+  );
+});
+
+test('point-target settle falls back to the session snapshot without a ref frame', async () => {
+  const { removed } = await settlePointTargetAgainstSession({
+    name: 'default',
+    snapshot: elementThreadsNoticeSnapshot,
+  });
+  assert.ok(
+    removed.some((text) => text.includes('Threads no longer experimental')),
+    `session snapshot should be the baseline: ${removed.join(' | ')}`,
+  );
+});
+
+test('point-target settle diffs from an empty baseline for a pre-frame session', async () => {
+  const { removed } = await settlePointTargetAgainstSession({ name: 'default' });
+  assert.deepEqual(removed, []);
+});
diff --git a/src/commands/system/index.test.ts b/src/commands/system/index.test.ts
index deb81e3c11..8ed0cc6cf3 100644
--- a/src/commands/system/index.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/system/index.test.ts
@@ -151,6 +151,65 @@ describe('system command interface', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  test('appstate CLI output renders the Apple session app from the runner read', () => {
+    const output = systemCliOutputFormatters.appstate({
+      input: {},
+      result: {
+        platform: 'ios',
+        appName: 'TestApp',
+        appBundleId: 'com.example.testapp',
+        state: 'runningForeground',
+        source: 'runner',
+        surface: 'app',
+      },
+    });
+    expect(output.text).toBe(
+      [
+        'Session app: TestApp',
+        'Bundle: com.example.testapp',
+        'State: runningForeground',
+        'Source: runner',
+      ].join('\n'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('appstate CLI output falls back to the bundle id and omits absent lines', () => {
+    const output = systemCliOutputFormatters.appstate({
+      input: {},
+      result: {
+        platform: 'ios',
+        appBundleId: 'com.example.mobile',
+        source: 'session',
+        surface: 'app',
+      },
+    });
+    expect(output.text).toBe(
+      ['Session app: com.example.mobile', 'Bundle: com.example.mobile', 'Source: session'].join(
+        '\n',
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('appstate CLI output renders unknown when the Apple session carries no app identity', () => {
+    const output = systemCliOutputFormatters.appstate({
+      input: {},
+      result: { platform: 'ios', surface: 'app' },
+    });
+    expect(output.text).toBe('Session app: unknown');
+  });
+
+  test('appstate CLI output renders the Android foreground app and activity', () => {
+    const output = systemCliOutputFormatters.appstate({
+      input: {},
+      result: {
+        platform: 'android',
+        package: 'com.example',
+        activity: '.MainActivity',
+      },
+    });
+    expect(output.text).toBe(['Foreground app: com.example', 'Activity: .MainActivity'].join('\n'));
+  });
+
   test('orientation reader and writer normalize orientation', () => {
     expect(orientationCliReader(['left'], flags())).toMatchObject({
       orientation: 'landscape-left',
diff --git a/src/commands/system/runtime/system.test.ts b/src/commands/system/runtime/system.test.ts
index dee2d3feb3..f5c701c836 100644
--- a/src/commands/system/runtime/system.test.ts
+++ b/src/commands/system/runtime/system.test.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { test } from 'vitest';
 import type {
   AgentDeviceBackend,
   BackendAlertAction,
+  BackendAlertResult,
   BackendDeviceOrientation,
   BackendKeyboardOptions,
   BackendTvRemoteOptions,
@@ -114,6 +115,75 @@ test('runtime system commands validate options before backend calls', async () =
   assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
 });
 
+test('runtime alert wait projects the backend alert, timing, and timeout verdict', async () => {
+  const alert = { title: 'Location', message: 'Allow access?', buttons: ['Allow', 'Deny'] };
+  const outcomes: BackendAlertResult[] = [
+    { kind: 'alertWait', alert, waitedMs: 250 },
+    { kind: 'alertWait', alert: null, waitedMs: 5_000, timedOut: true },
+    { kind: 'alertWait', alert },
+  ];
+  let next = 0;
+  const device = createAgentDevice({
+    backend: {
+      platform: 'ios',
+      handleAlert: async (): Promise<BackendAlertResult> => {
+        const result = outcomes[next++];
+        if (!result) throw new Error('alert backend double exhausted');
+        return result;
+      },
+    },
+    artifacts: createLocalArtifactAdapter(),
+    policy: localCommandPolicy(),
+  });
+
+  const visible = await device.system.alert({ action: 'wait', timeoutMs: 1_000 });
+  if (visible.kind !== 'alertWait') throw new Error(`expected alertWait, got ${visible.kind}`);
+  assert.deepEqual(visible.alert, alert);
+  assert.equal(visible.waitedMs, 250);
+  assert.equal(visible.timedOut, undefined);
+  assert.equal(String(visible.message), 'Alert visible');
+
+  const timedOut = await device.system.alert({ action: 'wait', timeoutMs: 5_000 });
+  if (timedOut.kind !== 'alertWait') throw new Error(`expected alertWait, got ${timedOut.kind}`);
+  assert.equal(timedOut.alert, null);
+  assert.equal(timedOut.waitedMs, 5_000);
+  assert.equal(timedOut.timedOut, true);
+  assert.equal(String(timedOut.message), 'Alert wait timed out');
+
+  // A backend that reports neither timing field keeps both keys absent.
+  const bare = await device.system.alert({ action: 'wait' });
+  if (bare.kind !== 'alertWait') throw new Error(`expected alertWait, got ${bare.kind}`);
+  assert.deepEqual(bare.alert, alert);
+  assert.equal('waitedMs' in bare, false);
+  assert.equal('timedOut' in bare, false);
+  assert.equal(String(bare.message), 'Alert visible');
+});
+
+test('runtime alert wait refuses a backend result of the wrong kind', async () => {
+  // Typed as the union the backend contract allows: a wrong `kind` is a legal
+  // backend result the normalizer must refuse with the typed COMMAND_FAILED
+  // code, not just the message.
+  const wrongKind: BackendAlertResult = { kind: 'alertStatus', alert: null };
+  const device = createAgentDevice({
+    backend: {
+      platform: 'ios',
+      handleAlert: async () => wrongKind,
+    },
+    artifacts: createLocalArtifactAdapter(),
+    policy: localCommandPolicy(),
+  });
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    () => device.system.alert({ action: 'wait' }),
+    (error: unknown) => {
+      const appError = error as { code?: string; message?: string };
+      assert.equal(appError.code, 'COMMAND_FAILED');
+      assert.match(appError.message ?? '', /system\.alert wait returned an invalid backend result/);
+      return true;
+    },
+  );
+});
+
 function createSystemBackend(calls: unknown[]): AgentDeviceBackend {
   return {
     platform: 'ios',