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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>python自动化测试人工智能</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/theme/css/main.css" />
</head>
<body id="index" class="home">
<header id="banner" class="body">
<h1><a href="/">python自动化测试人工智能 </a></h1>
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<ol id="posts-list" class="hfeed" start="9">
<li><article class="hentry">
<header>
<h1><a href="/python3_crash3.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]python3快速入门教程1 turtle绘图-3循环">[雪峰磁针石博客]python3快速入门教程1 turtle绘图-3循环</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-content">
<footer class="post-info">
<abbr class="published" title="2018-09-02T10:20:00+08:00">
Published: 日 02 九月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h2 id="_1">语法基础</h2>
<h3 id="for">for语句</h3>
<p>Python的for语句针对序列(列表或字符串等)中的子项进行循环，按它们在序列中的顺序来进行迭代。 </p>
<table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="c1"># Measure some strings:</span>
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">words</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'cat'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'window'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'defenestrate'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">words</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="n">cat</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">window</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="n">defenestrate</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>
<p>在迭代过程中修改迭代序列不安全，可能导致部分元素重复两次，建议先拷贝: </p>
<table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>1
2
3
4
5
6</pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">words</span><span class="p">[:]:</span> <span class="c1"># Loop over …</span></pre></div></td></tr></table>
<a class="readmore" href="/python3_crash3.html">read more</a>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
</article></li>
<li><article class="hentry">
<header>
<h1><a href="/python_pep8.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to python代码风格指南(PEP8中文版)">python代码风格指南(PEP8中文版)</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-content">
<footer class="post-info">
<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-21T14:50:00+08:00">
Published: 二 21 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <p>本文给出主Python版本标准库的编码约定。CPython的C代码风格参见<a href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0007/">PEP7</a>。</p>
<p>本文和<a href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/">PEP 257 文档字符串标准</a>改编自Guido最初的《Python Style Guide》, 并增加了Barry的<a href="http://barry.warsaw.us/software/STYLEGUIDE.txt">GNU Mailman Coding Style Guide</a>的部分内容。</p>
<p>本文会随着语言改变等而改变。</p>
<p>许多项目都有自己的编码风格指南，冲突时自己的指南为准。</p>
<h2 id="_1">一致性考虑</h2>
<p>Guido的关键点之一是：代码更多是用来读而不是写。本指南旨在改善Python代码的可读性，即<a href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/">PEP 20</a>所说的“可读性计数"(Readability counts)。</p>
<p>风格指南强调一致性。项目、模块或函数保持一致都很重要。</p>
<p>最重要的是知道何时不一致, 有时风格指南并不适用。当有疑惑时运用你的最佳判断，参考其他例子并多问！</p>
<p>特别注意：不要因为遵守本PEP而破坏向后兼容性！</p>
<p>部分可以违背指南情况：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>遵循指南会降低可读性。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>与周围其他代码不一致。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>代码在引入指南完成，暂时没有理由修改。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>旧版本兼容。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="_2">代码布局</h2>
<h4 id="_3">缩进</h4>
<p>每级缩进用4个空格 …</p>
<a class="readmore" href="/python_pep8.html">read more</a>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<header>
<h1><a href="/testing_tools_mobile.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]软件测试专家工具包3移动端">[雪峰磁针石博客]软件测试专家工具包3移动端</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-content">
<footer class="post-info">
<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-21T11:30:00+08:00">
Published: 二 21 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/ce-shi.html">测试</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h3 id="ui-automator">UI Automator</h3>
<p>UI Automator提供了一组API来构建基于交互UI的测试。API允许你执行操作，如打开设置菜单，非常适合黑盒自动化测试，在测试代码不依赖于应用的内部实现</p>
<p>uiautomatorviewer提供了一个方便的图形用户界面进行扫描和分析在Android设备上当前显示的UI组件。您可以使用此工具来检查的布局层次和查看UI组件。 </p>
<p>UiDevice类可以访问设备并进行操作。你可以调用它的方法来访问设备属性，如当前的方向或显示尺寸。该UiDevice类也让您执行操作，例如：旋转设备；按下D-pad按钮；按Back、Home、Menu等；打开通知树栏；当前窗口截图等。</p>
<p>应用相关的API： UiCollection枚举容器的UI元素以计数，或通过文字(或属性等)针定位子元素; UIObject表示是在设备上可见的UI元素; UiScrollable?：为可滚动UI容器提供查找支持； UiSelector?：查询一个或者多个UI元素; Configurator: 设置参数。</p>
<p><img alt="图片.png" src="https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/12713060-1edb5256ab4105cf.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240"></p>
<p>示例：更改语言</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python</span>
<span class="c1"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">uiautomator</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">device</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">d</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">screen …</span></pre></div>
<a class="readmore" href="/testing_tools_mobile.html">read more</a>
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<header>
<h1><a href="/testing_tools_perf.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]软件测试专家工具包2性能测试">[雪峰磁针石博客]软件测试专家工具包2性能测试</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-content">
<footer class="post-info">
<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T16:35:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/ce-shi.html">测试</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h3 id="locust">Locust(推荐)</h3>
<p>了解服务器端性能的好工具。 语言python3。<a href="https://github.com/locustio/locust">源码</a> python3+ python2.7+ github上star和fork最多的性能测试工具。</p>
<p>Locust是易于使用、分布式的用户负载测试工具。用于网站(或其他系统)的负载测试，计算出系统可以处理并发用户数。</p>
<p>测试时大量蝗虫会攻击你的网站。每只蝗虫(或叫测试用户)可以自定义、测试过程由web界面实时监控。这能帮助测试并确定瓶颈。</p>
<p>Locust 完全基于的事件，单机可以支持数千用户。它不使用回调，而是基于轻量进程gevent, 能简单地实线各种场景。</p>
<p><img alt="流行的软件测试工具介绍" src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/12713060-acaee51940c65dca.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240"></p>
<h3 id="multi-mechanize">Multi-Mechanize(推荐)</h3>
<p>Multi-Mechanize 是一个开源的性能和负载测试框架，它并发运行多个 Python 脚本对网站或者服务生成负载（组合事务)。测试输出报告保存为HTML或JMeter的兼容的XML。Multi-Mechanize最常用于web性能 和可扩展性（scalability）测试，也适用于任何python可以访问的API。尤其适合后台性能测试。稍微懂点编程的话，这个工具会远强过商业 的性能测试工具。</p>
<p>主要特性：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>支持各种 HTTP methods</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>高级超链接和HTML表单支持 …</p></li></ul>
<a class="readmore" href="/testing_tools_perf.html">read more</a>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<header>
<h1><a href="/python3_lib_ftplib.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]python模块介绍-ftplib：FTP协议客户端">[雪峰磁针石博客]python模块介绍-ftplib：FTP协议客户端</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-content">
<footer class="post-info">
<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T16:20:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h2 id="_1">概述</h2>
<p>该模块定义了FTP类和一些相关项。FTP类实现了FTP协议的客户端。你可以用它来编写使用FTP的URL。有关FTP（文件传输协议）的详细信息，请参阅Internet RFC959 [tools.ietf.org/html/rfc959.html]。</p>
<h2 id="_2">快速入门</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">ftplib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FTP</span>
<span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">ftp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ftp.fi.muni.cz'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="s1">'230-Hello...'</span>
<span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'andrew'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="s1">'230 Login successful.'</span>
<span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6 …</span></pre></div>
<a class="readmore" href="/python3_lib_ftplib.html">read more</a>
</div><!-- /.entry-content -->
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<header>
<h1><a href="/python3_lib_binascii.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]python标准模块介绍- binascii 二进制和ASCII转换">[雪峰磁针石博客]python标准模块介绍- binascii 二进制和ASCII转换</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-content">
<footer class="post-info">
<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T16:17:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <ul>
<li><a href="https://china-testing.github.io/practices.html">python测试开发项目实战-目录</a></li>
<li><a href="https://china-testing.github.io/python_books.html">python工具书籍下载-持续更新</a></li>
<li><a href="https://china-testing.github.io/python3_quick.html">python 3.7极速入门教程 - 目录</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="_1">简介</h2>
<p>binascii模块包含很多用来方法来转换二进制和各种ASCII编码的二进制表示法。通常不直接使用这些功能，而是使用封装模块，如uu, base64或binhex。binascii模块包含用C语言编写更快的低级功能，通常为高级模块所使用。</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>功能：二进制和ASCII转换。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>类型：标准模块</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>相关模块：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>base64 标准模块。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>binhex 标准模块。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>uu 标准模块。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>quopri 标准模块。</p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="uu">Uu编码</h2>
<p>uu编码格式现在已经比较少使用（<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencode">http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencode</a>），相关函数binascii.a2b_uu(string)和binascii.b2a_uu(data)这里不做介绍。 更多资料参见：<a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/uu.html">http://docs.python.org/2/library/uu …</a></p>
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<h1><a href="/python3_lib_base64.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]python标准模块介绍 -Base64： Base64, Base85等数据编码">[雪峰磁针石博客]python标准模块介绍 -Base64： Base64, Base85等数据编码</a></h1>
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<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T16:15:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
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<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h3 id="_1">简介</h3>
<p>功能:RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 数据编码。转换二进制数据为适合明文协议传输的 ASCII 序列。转换<br>
8bits 为每个字节包含 6,5 或 4bits 的有效数据,比如 SMTP, URL 的一部分或者 HTTP POST 的一部分。参考: RFC 3548。编码算法不同于 uuencode。 </p>
<p>类型:标准库<br>
相关模块:uu, binhex, uu, quopri</p>
<p>Base64 是一种基于 64 个可打印字符来表示二进制数据的表示方法。由于 2 的 6 次方等于 64,所以每 6 …</p>
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<h1><a href="/python3_lib_platform.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]python模块介绍-platform：底层平台信息">[雪峰磁针石博客]python模块介绍-platform：底层平台信息</a></h1>
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<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T16:10:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
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<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h2 id="_1">解释器信息</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>platform.python_version(): 返回的Python版本字符串'major.minor.patchlevel'。sys.version有类似功能，但是返回的信息更多。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>platform.python_version_tuple(): 返回Python版本 (major, minor, patchlevel)。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>platform.python_build(): 返回元组(buildno, builddate)，即Python版本号和日期。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>platform.python_compiler()：返回说明编译Python的编译器的字符串。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>platform.python_branch()：返回说明编译Python分支。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>platform.python_implementation()：返回Python实现，比如‘CPython’, ‘IronPython’, ‘Jython’, ‘PyPy’。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>platform.python_revision()：返回Python补丁版本号。 </p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>下面是ubuntu 16.04执行的结果：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">platform</span>
<span class="n">In</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">platform</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">python_version</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">Out …</span></pre></div>
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<h1><a href="/python3_crash2.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]python3快速入门教程1 turtle绘图-2函数">[雪峰磁针石博客]python3快速入门教程1 turtle绘图-2函数</a></h1>
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<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T12:20:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/python.html">python</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h2 id="_1">菲波那契序列:</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="c1"># Fibonacci series:</span>
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="c1"># the sum of two elements defines the next</span>
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">b</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">8</span>
</pre></div>
<p>本例的新特性。</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>第一行和最后一行有多赋值：第一行变量a和b同时获得了新的值0和1。最后一行右边首先完成计算，右边的表达式从左到右计算。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>条件(b < 10)为true时while循环执行。这里Python类似C ，任何非零整数都为true；0为 false。判断条件也可以是字符串或列表等序列；所有长度不为零的为true ，空序列为false。示例中的测试是一个简单的比较。标准比较操作符与C相同： <(小于 …</p></li></ul>
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<h1><a href="/testing_tools_web.html" rel="bookmark"
title="Permalink to [雪峰磁针石博客]软件测试专家工具包1web测试">[雪峰磁针石博客]软件测试专家工具包1web测试</a></h1>
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<div class="entry-content">
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<abbr class="published" title="2018-08-20T11:20:00+08:00">
Published: 一 20 八月 2018
</abbr>
<address class="vcard author">
By <a class="url fn" href="/author/andrew.html">andrew</a>
</address>
<p>In <a href="/category/ce-shi.html">测试</a>.</p>
</footer><!-- /.post-info --> <h2 id="web">web测试</h2>
<p>本章主要涉及功能测试、自动化测试(参考： <a href="https://china-testing.github.io/testing_automation_tips.html">软件自动化测试初学者忠告</a>)
、接口测试(参考：<a href="https://china-testing.github.io/testing_api_10min.html">10分钟学会API测试</a>)、跨浏览器测试、可访问性测试和可用性测试的测试工具列表。 安全测试工具和性能测试工具在其他章节。</p>
<h3 id="selenium">selenium</h3>
<p>web ui自动化测试的霸主，在爬虫领域也颇有市场。</p>
<p>官网 <a href="http://www.seleniumhq.org">http://www.seleniumhq.org</a></p>
<p>实例：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">selenium</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">webdriver</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">selenium.webdriver.common.keys</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Keys</span>
<span class="n">browser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">webdriver</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Firefox</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">browser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://www.yahoo.com'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="s1">'Yahoo'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">browser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span>
<span class="n">elem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">browser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_element_by_name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'p …</span></pre></div>
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