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+# Signed aps.txt Extension Spec
+
+**Status:** Draft
+**Author:** MoltyCel (MolTrust)
+**Motivation:** AV-2 (aps.txt Manipulation) — unsigned aps.txt allows a malicious publisher to block all agents or redirect governance evaluation. This spec defines a signing extension that makes aps.txt tamper-evident.
+
+---
+
+## Problem
+
+`aps.txt` files are currently unsigned. An attacker controlling DNS or a CDN layer can:
+- Replace `Disallow: /` for `User-agent: did:*` to block all agents
+- Inject false governance terms without detection
+- Replay stale aps.txt files after governance constraints change
+
+## Solution: Ed25519 Signature Header
+
+Add a `Signature:` field to the aps.txt header block:
+
+```
+# aps.txt — example.com
+# Signed-By: did:web:example.com
+# Signature: <base64url Ed25519 signature>
+# Signed-At: 2026-04-03T10:00:00Z
+# Expires: 2026-04-10T10:00:00Z
+
+User-agent: did:*
+Allow: /api/
+Disallow: /admin/
+
+Governance: https://example.com/.well-known/governance.json
+```
+
+## Signing Procedure
+
+1. **Canonical form:** Strip all `# Signature:`, `# Signed-At:`, `# Expires:` lines from the file. Normalize line endings to `\n`. Trim trailing whitespace per line. No trailing newline.
+
+2. **Payload:** UTF-8 bytes of the canonical form.
+
+3. **Signature:** Ed25519 sign the payload with the private key corresponding to the DID in `# Signed-By`.
+
+4. **Encoding:** Base64url (RFC 4648 §5) without padding.
+
+5. **Insert:** Add `# Signature:`, `# Signed-At:`, `# Expires:` as the last header lines before the first non-comment line.
+
+## Verification Procedure
+
+1. Resolve `# Signed-By` DID to obtain the Ed25519 public key.
+2. Strip `# Signature:`, `# Signed-At:`, `# Expires:` lines.
+3. Canonicalize (same procedure as signing).
+4. Verify Ed25519 signature against canonical payload.
+5. Check `# Expires:` — reject if current time > expiry.
+6. Check `# Signed-At:` — reject if signed more than 30 days ago (configurable).
+
+## Result
+
+```json
+{
+  "valid": true,
+  "signer": "did:web:example.com",
+  "signed_at": "2026-04-03T10:00:00Z",
+  "expires": "2026-04-10T10:00:00Z",
+  "canonical_hash": "sha256:<64 hex>"
+}
+```
+
+or
+
+```json
+{
+  "valid": false,
+  "reason": "signature_invalid | expired | signer_unresolvable | missing_signature"
+}
+```
+
+## Canonical Body
+
+The signed payload is the UTF-8 encoded aps.txt body **excluding** the Signature line itself, with:
+- Trailing whitespace stripped per line
+- Unix line endings (`\n`)
+- No trailing newline
+
+## Verification Flow
+
+1. Fetch `aps.txt` from `/.well-known/aps.txt`
+2. Extract `Verification-Key` URL + `Key-ID`
+3. Fetch JWKS, select key matching `Key-ID`
+4. Reconstruct canonical body (strip Signature line)
+5. Verify Ed25519 signature over SHA-256(canonical body)
+6. Check `Expires-At` freshness
+
+## Strict Mode Behavior
+
+| Condition | Default Mode | Strict Mode |
+|---|---|---|
+| Valid signature | proceed | proceed |
+| No signature | warn, proceed | reject (`UNSIGNED`) |
+| Invalid signature | reject | reject |
+| Expired | reject | reject |
+
+Strict mode is opt-in. Recommended for production verifiers.
+
+## Backward Compatibility
+
+- Unsigned aps.txt files remain valid in default mode. Agents SHOULD warn but MUST NOT reject unless strict mode is enabled.
+- Signed aps.txt files with unknown `# Signed-By` DID methods: agents SHOULD attempt resolution, MAY reject if unresolvable.
+- The `# Signature:` field is a comment line — parsers that ignore comments will not break.
+
+## DID Method Support
+
+| DID Method | Resolution | Status |
+|---|---|---|
+| `did:web` | HTTPS fetch of DID document | Recommended |
+| `did:moltrust` | MolTrust API or Base L2 on-chain | Supported |
+| `did:key` | Inline public key | Supported |
+| `did:ion` | ION resolver | Planned |
+
+## Reference Implementation
+
+`agent-passport-system@1.31.0` — `verifyApsTxt({ strict: true })`
+JWKS endpoint: `gateway.aeoess.com/.well-known/jwks.json`
+
+## MolTrust AV-2 Test Vector
+
+```json
+{
+  "vector": "AV-2",
+  "description": "Unsigned aps.txt in strict mode",
+  "input": { "signed": false, "strict": true },
+  "expected": "UNSIGNED error, evaluation halted"
+}
+```
+
+## Security Considerations
+
+- **DNS hijacking:** Signature prevents content modification but not availability attacks. An attacker controlling DNS can serve a 404 or empty file. Agents SHOULD cache the last known valid signed aps.txt.
+- **Key rotation:** If the signer's key is rotated, previously signed aps.txt files become unverifiable against the new key. Publishers SHOULD re-sign within 24h of key rotation.
+- **Replay:** The `Expires-At` field prevents indefinite replay.
+- **Clock skew:** Verifiers SHOULD allow ±5 minutes of clock skew on timestamps.
+
+## Open Questions
+
+- Should `Disallow: /` from an unsigned source be a hard block or warn-only?
+- Key rotation: how long should old keys remain valid after rotation?
+- Should WG define a canonical JWKS path (e.g. `/.well-known/aps-jwks.json`)?
+
+## Relationship to Existing Work
+
+- **robots.txt:** aps.txt extends the robots.txt convention for agent governance. This spec adds signing without changing the directive format.
+- **RFC 8785 (JCS):** Not used here — aps.txt is line-oriented, not JSON. Canonicalization is line-based.
+- **W3C DID Core:** Signer identity is expressed as a DID. Verification requires DID resolution.
+- **JWKS (RFC 7517):** Key distribution via standard JWKS endpoints for interoperability with APS ecosystem.
+- **Signed HTTP Exchanges (SXG):** SXG signs entire HTTP responses. This spec signs only the aps.txt content, which is simpler and does not require CDN cooperation.
+
+---
+
+*MolTrust / CryptoKRI GmbH, Zurich*
+*Apache 2.0*