diff --git a/internal/build/artifact_report.go b/internal/build/artifact_report.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed8272ab25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/build/artifact_report.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 The XGo Authors (xgo.dev). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package build
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ArtifactRole distinguishes debugger-owned metadata from bytes delivered to
+// a target and from optional runtime symbolization data.
+type ArtifactRole string
+
+const (
+	ArtifactRoleDebug           ArtifactRole = "debug"
+	ArtifactRoleDeployment      ArtifactRole = "deployment"
+	ArtifactRoleDebugDeployment ArtifactRole = "debug+deployment"
+	ArtifactRoleRuntimeSymbols  ArtifactRole = "runtime-symbols"
+)
+
+// Artifact describes one final build output. Size is the on-disk byte size;
+// deployment formats therefore remain distinct from their host debug image.
+type Artifact struct {
+	Role   ArtifactRole
+	Format string
+	Path   string
+	Size   int64
+}
+
+// CollectArtifacts returns the final artifacts represented by out. It should
+// be called after post-link packaging and target format conversion complete.
+func CollectArtifacts(conf *Config, out *OutFmtDetails) ([]Artifact, error) {
+	if conf == nil || out == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	artifacts := make([]Artifact, 0, 9)
+	add := func(role ArtifactRole, format, path string) error {
+		if path == "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		info, err := os.Stat(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stat %s artifact %q: %w", role, path, err)
+		}
+		if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s artifact %q is not a regular file", role, path)
+		}
+		artifacts = append(artifacts, Artifact{Role: role, Format: format, Path: path, Size: info.Size()})
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var primaryRole ArtifactRole
+	switch conf.DebugArtifactMode {
+	case DebugArtifactEmbedded:
+		primaryRole = ArtifactRoleDebugDeployment
+	case DebugArtifactExternal, DebugArtifactNone:
+		primaryRole = ArtifactRoleDeployment
+	case DebugArtifactHost:
+		primaryRole = ArtifactRoleDebug
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unresolved debug artifact mode %s", conf.DebugArtifactMode)
+	}
+	if out.Out == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("primary artifact path is empty")
+	}
+	if err := add(primaryRole, primaryArtifactFormat(conf, out.Out), out.Out); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := add(ArtifactRoleDebug, "wasm-dwarf", out.DWARF); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := add(ArtifactRoleRuntimeSymbols, "pclntab", out.PCLN); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, deployment := range []struct {
+		format string
+		path   string
+	}{
+		{"bin", out.Bin},
+		{"hex", out.Hex},
+		{"img", out.Img},
+		{"uf2", out.Uf2},
+		{"zip", out.Zip},
+	} {
+		if err := add(ArtifactRoleDeployment, deployment.format, deployment.path); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return artifacts, nil
+}
+
+func primaryArtifactFormat(conf *Config, path string) string {
+	if conf.BuildMode == BuildModeCArchive {
+		return "archive"
+	}
+	if conf.Goarch == "wasm" || strings.EqualFold(filepath.Ext(path), ".wasm") {
+		return "wasm"
+	}
+	if conf.Target != "" {
+		return "elf"
+	}
+	switch conf.Goos {
+	case "darwin":
+		return "macho"
+	case "windows":
+		return "pe"
+	case "linux", "android", "freebsd", "netbsd", "openbsd", "dragonfly", "solaris":
+		return "elf"
+	default:
+		return "executable"
+	}
+}
+
+func reportBuildArtifacts(conf *Config, out *OutFmtDetails, w io.Writer) error {
+	if conf == nil || (!conf.DebugArtifactModeSet && conf.Target == "") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	artifacts, err := CollectArtifacts(conf, out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, artifact := range artifacts {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "llgo: artifact role=%s format=%s size=%d path=%q\n",
+			artifact.Role, artifact.Format, artifact.Size, artifact.Path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/build/artifact_report_test.go b/internal/build/artifact_report_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39c3fd2d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/build/artifact_report_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//go:build !llgo
+
+package build
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCollectArtifacts(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	write := func(name, content string) string {
+		t.Helper()
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, name)
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return path
+	}
+	main := write("app.wasm", "main")
+	elf := write("app.elf", "elf-data")
+	dwarf := write("app.debug.wasm", "debug")
+	pcln := write("app.wasm.pclntab", "pcln")
+	bin := write("app.bin", "bin")
+	hex := write("app.hex", "hex-data")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		conf Config
+		out  OutFmtDetails
+		want []Artifact
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "embedded",
+			conf: Config{Goarch: "wasm", DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactEmbedded},
+			out:  OutFmtDetails{Out: main},
+			want: []Artifact{{Role: ArtifactRoleDebugDeployment, Format: "wasm", Path: main, Size: 4}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "external with runtime symbols",
+			conf: Config{Goarch: "wasm", DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactExternal},
+			out:  OutFmtDetails{Out: main, DWARF: dwarf, PCLN: pcln},
+			want: []Artifact{
+				{Role: ArtifactRoleDeployment, Format: "wasm", Path: main, Size: 4},
+				{Role: ArtifactRoleDebug, Format: "wasm-dwarf", Path: dwarf, Size: 5},
+				{Role: ArtifactRoleRuntimeSymbols, Format: "pclntab", Path: pcln, Size: 4},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "host and deployment formats",
+			conf: Config{Target: "cortex-m-qemu", DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactHost},
+			out:  OutFmtDetails{Out: elf, Bin: bin, Hex: hex},
+			want: []Artifact{
+				{Role: ArtifactRoleDebug, Format: "elf", Path: elf, Size: 8},
+				{Role: ArtifactRoleDeployment, Format: "bin", Path: bin, Size: 3},
+				{Role: ArtifactRoleDeployment, Format: "hex", Path: hex, Size: 8},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "none",
+			conf: Config{DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactNone},
+			out:  OutFmtDetails{Out: main},
+			want: []Artifact{{Role: ArtifactRoleDeployment, Format: "wasm", Path: main, Size: 4}},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := CollectArtifacts(&tt.conf, &tt.out)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("CollectArtifacts() = %#v, want %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectArtifactsValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	if got, err := CollectArtifacts(nil, nil); err != nil || got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CollectArtifacts(nil) = %#v, %v", got, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := CollectArtifacts(&Config{}, &OutFmtDetails{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unresolved") {
+		t.Fatalf("unresolved mode error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := CollectArtifacts(&Config{DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactNone}, &OutFmtDetails{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path is empty") {
+		t.Fatalf("empty primary path error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := CollectArtifacts(
+		&Config{DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactNone},
+		&OutFmtDetails{Out: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing")},
+	); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "stat deployment artifact") {
+		t.Fatalf("missing artifact error = %v", err)
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if _, err := CollectArtifacts(
+		&Config{DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactNone},
+		&OutFmtDetails{Out: dir},
+	); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not a regular file") {
+		t.Fatalf("directory artifact error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	main := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(main, []byte("main"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name string
+		mode DebugArtifactMode
+		out  OutFmtDetails
+		role ArtifactRole
+	}{
+		{name: "missing DWARF", mode: DebugArtifactExternal, out: OutFmtDetails{Out: main, DWARF: main + ".debug.wasm"}, role: ArtifactRoleDebug},
+		{name: "missing runtime symbols", mode: DebugArtifactNone, out: OutFmtDetails{Out: main, PCLN: main + ".pclntab"}, role: ArtifactRoleRuntimeSymbols},
+		{name: "missing deployment format", mode: DebugArtifactNone, out: OutFmtDetails{Out: main, Bin: main + ".bin"}, role: ArtifactRoleDeployment},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := CollectArtifacts(&Config{DebugArtifactMode: tt.mode}, &tt.out)
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "stat "+string(tt.role)+" artifact") {
+				t.Fatalf("CollectArtifacts() error = %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrimaryArtifactFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		conf Config
+		path string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "wasm architecture", conf: Config{Goarch: "wasm"}, path: "app", want: "wasm"},
+		{name: "wasm extension", path: "app.WASM", want: "wasm"},
+		{name: "target ELF", conf: Config{Target: "cortex-m-qemu"}, path: "app.elf", want: "elf"},
+		{name: "archive", conf: Config{Goarch: "wasm", BuildMode: BuildModeCArchive}, path: "libapp.a", want: "archive"},
+		{name: "Mach-O", conf: Config{Goos: "darwin", BuildMode: BuildModeCShared}, path: "libapp.dylib", want: "macho"},
+		{name: "PE", conf: Config{Goos: "windows"}, path: "app.exe", want: "pe"},
+		{name: "ELF", conf: Config{Goos: "linux", BuildMode: BuildModeCShared}, path: "libapp.so", want: "elf"},
+		{name: "executable", conf: Config{BuildMode: BuildModeExe}, path: "app", want: "executable"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := primaryArtifactFormat(&tt.conf, tt.path); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("primaryArtifactFormat() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReportBuildArtifacts(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app with space")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("data"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var report bytes.Buffer
+	conf := &Config{DebugArtifactMode: DebugArtifactNone, DebugArtifactModeSet: true}
+	if err := reportBuildArtifacts(conf, &OutFmtDetails{Out: path}, &report); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want := "llgo: artifact role=deployment format=executable size=4 path=" + strconv.Quote(path) + "\n"
+	if got := report.String(); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("artifact report = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	report.Reset()
+	conf.DebugArtifactModeSet = false
+	if err := reportBuildArtifacts(conf, &OutFmtDetails{Out: path}, &report); err != nil || report.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("implicit artifact report = %q, %v", report.String(), err)
+	}
+	conf.DebugArtifactModeSet = true
+	if err := reportBuildArtifacts(conf, &OutFmtDetails{Out: path + ".missing"}, &report); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("reportBuildArtifacts() succeeded with a missing artifact")
+	}
+
+	conf.Target = "cortex-m-qemu"
+	conf.DebugArtifactMode = DebugArtifactHost
+	if err := reportBuildArtifacts(conf, &OutFmtDetails{Out: path}, &report); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := report.String(); !strings.Contains(got, "role=debug format=elf size=4") {
+		t.Fatalf("target artifact report = %q", got)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/build/build.go b/internal/build/build.go
index 361cd57b97..058bb7d2d1 100644
--- a/internal/build/build.go
+++ b/internal/build/build.go
@@ -689,6 +689,9 @@ func Build(inv Invocation) ([]Package, error) {
 				if headerErr != nil {
 					return nil, headerErr
 				}
+				if err := reportBuildArtifacts(conf, outFmts, os.Stderr); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -702,6 +705,9 @@ func Build(inv Invocation) ([]Package, error) {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 			}
+			if err := reportBuildArtifacts(conf, outFmts, os.Stderr); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 
 			switch mode {
 			case ModeBuild: