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Convert most remaining CI scripts to TypeScript in `pr-checks` #9344

Job	Run time
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, nightly-latest)	49s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, nightly-latest)	43s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, linked)	1m 15s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, default)	1m 4s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, default)	44s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, linked)	45s
	5m 20s