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Convert most remaining CI scripts to TypeScript in `pr-checks` #11404

Job	Run time
Split workflow (macos-latest, default)	1m 58s
Split workflow (ubuntu-latest, linked)	1m 18s
Split workflow (ubuntu-latest, default)	1m 9s
Split workflow (ubuntu-latest, nightly-latest)	1m 17s
Split workflow (macos-latest, nightly-latest)	1m 57s
Split workflow (macos-latest, linked)	1m 58s
	9m 37s