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Convert most remaining CI scripts to TypeScript in `pr-checks` #5041

Job	Run time
Upload debug artifacts (default)	4m 14s
Upload debug artifacts (nightly-latest)	4m 14s
Upload debug artifacts (linked)	4m 21s
Upload debug artifacts (stable-v2.20.7)	4m 12s
Download and check debug artifacts	12s
	17m 13s