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Convert most remaining CI scripts to TypeScript in `pr-checks` #13612

Job	Run time
check-codeql-versions	24s
analyze-other (actions)	52s
analyze-javascript (windows-2022)	6m 1s
analyze-javascript (windows-2025, linked)	6m 6s
analyze-javascript (macos-14-xlarge, linked)	2m 57s
analyze-javascript (macos-15-xlarge)	3m 5s
analyze-javascript (macos-15-xlarge, linked)	2m 35s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-22.04)	4m 50s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-22.04, linked)	4m 14s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-24.04, linked)	3m 27s
analyze-javascript (windows-2022, linked)	5m 54s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 30s
analyze-javascript (windows-2025)	6m 22s
analyze-javascript (macos-14-xlarge)	2m 54s
	53m 11s