diff --git a/backend.go b/backend.go
index 39d99b8..0c96278 100644
--- a/backend.go
+++ b/backend.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (b *Backend) Begin(width, height int) error {
 
 	// Apply Y-flip transform to convert from top-left to bottom-left origin
 	// We need to translate by height and flip Y axis
-	flipTransform := creator.Translate(0, b.height).Then(creator.Scale(1, -1))
+	flipTransform := creator.Scale(1, -1).Then(creator.Translate(0, b.height))
 	b.surface.PushTransform(flipTransform)
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/backend_test.go b/backend_test.go
index e97114a..8b3499a 100644
--- a/backend_test.go
+++ b/backend_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/coregx/gxpdf/creator"
 	"github.com/gogpu/gg"
 	"github.com/gogpu/gg/recording"
 )
@@ -56,6 +57,43 @@ func TestBackendLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBackendYFlipTransform(t *testing.T) {
+	const height = 240
+
+	backend := NewBackend()
+	if err := backend.Begin(320, height); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Begin failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	want := creator.Scale(1, -1).Then(creator.Translate(0, height))
+	if got := backend.surface.CurrentTransform(); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("Y-flip transform = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if err := backend.End(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("End failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDocumentYFlipTransform(t *testing.T) {
+	const height = 240
+
+	doc := NewDocument()
+	backend, ok := doc.NewPage(320, height).(*pageBackend)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("Document.NewPage returned an unexpected backend type")
+	}
+
+	want := creator.Scale(1, -1).Then(creator.Translate(0, height))
+	if got := backend.surface.CurrentTransform(); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("Y-flip transform = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if err := doc.Finish(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Finish failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBackendSaveRestore(t *testing.T) {
 	backend := NewBackend()
 	err := backend.Begin(800, 600)
diff --git a/document.go b/document.go
index 5c587ae..3cae1e4 100644
--- a/document.go
+++ b/document.go
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (d *Document) NewPage(width, height int) recording.Backend {
 	pb.currentTransform = recording.Identity()
 
 	// Apply Y-flip transform
-	flipTransform := creator.Translate(0, float64(height)).Then(creator.Scale(1, -1))
+	flipTransform := creator.Scale(1, -1).Then(creator.Translate(0, float64(height)))
 	pb.surface.PushTransform(flipTransform)
 
 	d.pages = append(d.pages, pb)