diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3cea273..e020ab2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ npx @google/design.md spec --rules-only --format json
 
 ## Linting Rules
 
-The linter runs seven rules against a parsed DESIGN.md. Each rule produces findings at a fixed severity level.
+The linter runs nine rules against a parsed DESIGN.md. Each rule produces findings at a fixed severity level.
 
 | Rule | Severity | What it checks |
 |:-----|:---------|:---------------|
@@ -305,6 +305,7 @@ The linter runs seven rules against a parsed DESIGN.md. Each rule produces findi
 | `missing-sections` | info | Optional sections (spacing, rounded) absent when other tokens exist |
 | `missing-typography` | warning | Colors are defined but no typography tokens exist — agents will use default fonts |
 | `section-order` | warning | Sections appear out of the canonical order defined by the spec |
+| `unknown-key` | warning | A top-level YAML key is not part of the known schema (catches typos like `colours:`) |
 
 ### Programmatic API
 
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/commands/spec.test.ts b/packages/cli/src/commands/spec.test.ts
index 29f4ada..7a978c5 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/commands/spec.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/commands/spec.test.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,6 @@ describe('spec command', () => {
     const output = JSON.parse(outputStr);
     expect(output.spec).toBeDefined();
     expect(output.rules).toBeDefined();
-    expect(output.rules.length).toBe(8);
+    expect(output.rules.length).toBe(9);
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/index.test.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/index.test.ts
index 0145d74..51730b3 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/linter/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/index.test.ts
@@ -129,4 +129,21 @@ components:
     // Should have errors: invalid color + broken reference
     expect(result.summary.errors).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
   });
+
+  it('warns on a misspelled top-level key via the default rule set', () => {
+    const content = `---
+name: Example
+colours:
+  primary: "#647D66"
+---`;
+
+    const result = lint(content);
+
+    const finding = result.findings.find(
+      f => f.message === 'Unexpected unknown top-level key "colours"'
+    );
+    expect(finding).toBeDefined();
+    expect(finding!.severity).toBe('warning');
+    expect(finding!.path).toBe('colours');
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/index.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/index.ts
index 6dccb43..e91bab5 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/linter/index.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/index.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ export {
   tokenSummary,
   missingSections,
   missingTypography,
+  unknownKey,
 } from './linter/rules/index.js';
 export { contrastRatio } from './model/handler.js';
 export { TailwindEmitterHandler } from './tailwind/handler.js';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/index.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/index.ts
index c3b2d9a..3b1ba26 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/index.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/index.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { tokenSummaryRule } from './token-summary.js';
 import { missingSectionsRule } from './missing-sections.js';
 import { sectionOrderRule } from './section-order.js';
 import { missingTypographyRule } from './missing-typography.js';
+import { unknownKeyRule } from './unknown-key.js';
 
 /** The default set of lint rule descriptors, in order. */
 export const DEFAULT_RULE_DESCRIPTORS: RuleDescriptor[] = [
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_RULE_DESCRIPTORS: RuleDescriptor[] = [
   missingSectionsRule,
   missingTypographyRule,
   sectionOrderRule,
+  unknownKeyRule,
 ];
 
 /** Converts a RuleDescriptor into a LintRule by injecting severity into findings. */
@@ -57,5 +59,6 @@ export { orphanedTokens } from './orphaned-tokens.js';
 export { tokenSummary } from './token-summary.js';
 export { missingSections } from './missing-sections.js';
 export { missingTypography } from './missing-typography.js';
+export { unknownKey } from './unknown-key.js';
 export { sectionOrder } from './section-order.js';
 export type { LintRule } from './types.js';
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/types.test.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/types.test.ts
index 5caf460..c4458c8 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/types.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/types.test.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ describe('LintRule type', () => {
   });
 
   it('has all rules in DEFAULT_RULE_DESCRIPTORS', () => {
-    expect(DEFAULT_RULE_DESCRIPTORS.length).toBe(8);
+    expect(DEFAULT_RULE_DESCRIPTORS.length).toBe(9);
     DEFAULT_RULE_DESCRIPTORS.forEach((rule: RuleDescriptor) => {
       expect(rule.name).toBeTruthy();
       expect(rule.severity).toBeTruthy();
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/unknown-key.test.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/unknown-key.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c892f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/unknown-key.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'bun:test';
+import { unknownKey } from './unknown-key.js';
+import { buildState } from './test-helpers.js';
+import type { SourceLocation } from '../../parser/spec.js';
+
+const loc: SourceLocation = { line: 1, column: 0, block: 'frontmatter' };
+
+describe('unknownKey', () => {
+  it('emits a warning for a misspelled top-level key', () => {
+    const state = buildState({
+      sourceMap: new Map([
+        ['name', loc],
+        ['colours', loc],
+      ]),
+    });
+    const findings = unknownKey(state);
+    expect(findings.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(findings[0]!.path).toBe('colours');
+    expect(findings[0]!.message).toBe('Unexpected unknown top-level key "colours"');
+  });
+
+  it('returns empty when all top-level keys are known', () => {
+    const state = buildState({
+      sourceMap: new Map([
+        ['version', loc],
+        ['name', loc],
+        ['description', loc],
+        ['colors', loc],
+        ['typography', loc],
+        ['rounded', loc],
+        ['spacing', loc],
+        ['components', loc],
+      ]),
+    });
+    expect(unknownKey(state)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('returns empty when there are no top-level keys', () => {
+    const state = buildState({});
+    expect(unknownKey(state)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('emits one finding per unknown key', () => {
+    const state = buildState({
+      sourceMap: new Map([
+        ['colors', loc],
+        ['colours', loc],
+        ['typografy', loc],
+      ]),
+    });
+    const findings = unknownKey(state);
+    expect(findings.map(f => f.path).sort()).toEqual(['colours', 'typografy']);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/unknown-key.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/unknown-key.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f4cff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/linter/rules/unknown-key.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import type { DesignSystemState } from '../../model/spec.js';
+import type { RuleDescriptor, RuleFinding } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Unknown key — warns when a top-level YAML key (in front matter or a fenced
+ * yaml block) is not part of the known schema. A misspelled section name
+ * (e.g. `colours`) is otherwise silently discarded by the parser, leaving the
+ * author with no signal that an entire block of tokens was ignored.
+ */
+export function unknownKey(state: DesignSystemState): RuleFinding[] {
+  return (state.unknownKeys ?? []).map(key => ({
+    path: key,
+    message: `Unexpected unknown top-level key "${key}"`,
+  }));
+}
+
+export const unknownKeyRule: RuleDescriptor = {
+  name: 'unknown-key',
+  severity: 'warning',
+  description: 'Unknown key — warns when a top-level YAML key is not part of the known schema.',
+  run: unknownKey,
+};
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/model/handler.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/model/handler.ts
index caca7e4..9cc3f53 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/linter/model/handler.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/model/handler.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@ import { parseCssColor } from './color-parser.js';
 
 const MAX_REFERENCE_DEPTH = 10;
 
+/** Known top-level YAML keys, per docs/spec.md. */
+export const KNOWN_TOP_LEVEL_KEYS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
+  'version',
+  'name',
+  'description',
+  'colors',
+  'typography',
+  'rounded',
+  'spacing',
+  'components',
+]);
+
 /**
  * Builds a resolved DesignSystemState from parsed YAML tokens.
  * Handles color parsing, dimension parsing, typography construction,
@@ -205,6 +217,10 @@ export class ModelHandler implements ModelSpec {
         }
       }
 
+      const unknownKeys = [...input.sourceMap.keys()].filter(
+        key => !KNOWN_TOP_LEVEL_KEYS.has(key)
+      );
+
       return {
         designSystem: {
           name: input.name,
@@ -216,6 +232,7 @@ export class ModelHandler implements ModelSpec {
           components,
           symbolTable,
           sections: input.sections,
+          unknownKeys,
         },
         findings,
       };
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/linter/model/spec.ts b/packages/cli/src/linter/model/spec.ts
index 0b390f6..a8b80bf 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/linter/model/spec.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/linter/model/spec.ts
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ export interface DesignSystemState {
   symbolTable: Map<string, ResolvedValue>;
   /** Markdown heading names found in the document */
   sections?: string[] | undefined;
+  /** Top-level YAML keys that are not part of the known schema */
+  unknownKeys?: string[] | undefined;
 }
 
 export interface ComponentDef {