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spellcheck="false" type="text" id="local-search-input"></div></div><div id="local-search-result"></div></div></div></nav></div></header><main id="main" class="main"><div class="main-inner"><div class="content-wrap"><div id="content" class="content"><div id="posts" class="posts-expand"><article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="post-block"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.playpi.org/2018041801.html"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="虾丸派"><meta itemprop="description" content="记录知识 | 分享技术"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/favicon-1536x1536-playpi.png"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="虾丸派"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">es-hadoop 遇上 Elasticsearch 的 Date 类型字段</h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2018-04-18T20:14:18+08:00">2018-04-18 </time></span><span class="post-category"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/series-of-fixbug/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">踩坑系列</span> </a></span></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv" style="display:none"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> 阅读次数 <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span><div class="post-wordcount"><span class="post-meta-item-text">字数统计</span> <span title="字数统计">1,850字 </span><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span title="阅读时长">8分钟</span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>最近在项目中遇到一个由 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 版本差异引起的奇怪现象，导致程序异常，一开始还以为是程序的问题，后来排查发现是由 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 的 <code>Date</code> 类型字段引起的，本文记录解决过程。开发环境基于 <code>Elasticsearch v1.7.5</code>、<code>Elasticsearch v2.4.5</code>。</p><a id="more"></a><h1 id="问题出现"><a href="# 问题出现" class="headerlink" title="问题出现"></a>问题出现</h1><p>业务场景是利用 <code>es-hadoop</code> 官方工具包读取 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 数据，进行一连串 <code>ETL</code> 处理，最后再写入 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 中。某一次照常处理一批数据，发现异常：</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 2017/07/23</span><br><span class="line">... 省略 </span><br><span class="line">org.elasticsearch.hadoop.util.DateUtils.parseDateJdk (DateUtils.java:62)</span><br><span class="line">org.elasticsearch.hadoop.serailization.builder.JdkValueReader.parseDate (JdkValueReader:351)</span><br><span class="line">... 省略 </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215180154.png" alt="异常信息" title="异常信息"></p><p>这导致 <code>Spark</code> 进程没有起来，程序退出。通过上面的异常可以明确看到日期转换的错误，无法转换日期为 <code>2017/07/23</code> 的数据，下面还有好几个类似的异常，进一步推断是无法转换 <code>yyyy/MM/dd</code> 格式的日期。</p><p>查看 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 的索引 <code>mapping</code> 定义，可以看到有一个 <code>publish_date</code> 字段的类型为 <code>Date</code>，并且设置了自定义格式 <code>yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd</code>，可以合理对应出现这种现象的数据。</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215180503.png" alt="publish_date 字段" title="publish_date 字段"></p><p>看来是这个 <code>Date</code> 类型的字段导致了这个异常，我又翻看了以前的成功任务记录，发现它们处理的数据也有 <code>publish_date</code> 字段，但是字段类型是 <code>long</code>，存储的是秒级时间戳，所以不会有这个问题。</p><p>我又仔细检查了一下线上环境，才发现线上的 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 版本升级了【部分业务使用了新的 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 集群】，升级为 <code>v2.4.5</code>，而以前是 <code>v1.7.5</code>，目前处于两者共存的状态，估计以后会逐渐升级。</p><p>好，目前把业务场景排查清楚了，接下来准备解决问题。</p><h1 id="分析解决"><a href="# 分析解决" class="headerlink" title="分析解决"></a>分析解决</h1><p>先查看一下源码【基于 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop v2.1.0</code>】，看看转换逻辑，可以发现，源码中能解析的是国际标准格式的日期，例如：<code>2018-02-07T05:01:05+08:00</code>【<code>ISO date</code>】，里面带着时区，而现在我们这种 <code>2017/07/23</code> 字符串格式的格式化日期，不能被解析。</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public static Calendar parseDateJdk (String value) {</span><br><span class="line"> //check for colon in the time offset</span><br><span class="line"> int timeZoneIndex = value.indexOf ("T");</span><br><span class="line"> if (timeZoneIndex > 0) {</span><br><span class="line"> int sign = value.indexOf ("+", timeZoneIndex);</span><br><span class="line"> if (sign < 0) {</span><br><span class="line"> sign = value.indexOf ("-", timeZoneIndex);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // +4 means it's either hh:mm or hhmm</span><br><span class="line"> if (sign > 0) {</span><br><span class="line"> // +3 points to either : or m</span><br><span class="line"> int colonIndex = sign + 3;</span><br><span class="line"> // +hh - need to add :mm</span><br><span class="line"> if (colonIndex >= value.length ()) {</span><br><span class="line"> value = value + ":00";</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> else if (value.charAt (colonIndex) != ':') {</span><br><span class="line"> value = value.substring (0, colonIndex) + ":" + value.substring (colonIndex);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> return DatatypeConverter.parseDateTime (value);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215190242.png" alt="源码查看" title="源码查看"></p><p>那怎么办呢，再通过查看文档，发现有一个 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 参数可以控制日期类型数据的解析与否，参数名称为：<code>es.mapping.date.rich</code>，默认为 <code>true</code>，表示自动转换 <code>Date</code> 类型的字段，如上面的源码，会尝试解析为 <code>Calendar</code> 格式。</p><p>但是遇到格式错误的日期取值就抛出异常了，此时可以把这个选项关掉，设置为 <code>false</code>，不自动转换，而是直接读取字符串的格式，对字段的校验处理由我们业务的 <code>ETL</code> 进行，遇到的不合法的格式直接丢弃并记录就行，不影响整个程序的运行。</p><p>下图可以看到源码的解析流程，受到 <code>richDate</code> 参数的控制。</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215191343.png" alt="源码查看" title="源码查看"></p><p>注意，这个参数需要 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 的支持，例如 <code>v1.x</code> 就不行，必须使用 <code>v2.x</code> 或者以上版本。</p><p>同时，如果不想更改配置，还有另外一种解决方案，使用 <code>es.read.field.include</code> 参数指定必要的某些字段【不包含 <code>publish_date</code> 字段】，这样读取数据时就不会把 <code>publish_date</code> 字段读取出来了，也就不会涉及格式转换问题。但是此时需要确保处理完成后的数据不会再写回原来的索引，否则会导致数据被覆盖，<code>publish_date</code> 字段就会丢失，如果非要写回原来的索引，写入方式使用 <code>update</code> 而不是 <code>index</code>。</p><h1 id="扩展"><a href="# 扩展" class="headerlink" title="扩展"></a>扩展</h1><p>那如果 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 里面存储的是毫秒时间戳格式的日期，<code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 在读取时又是如何处理的呢？下面来验证一下。</p><p>首先，在测试的索引里面写入一些测试数据，有一个字段是毫秒时间戳格式：<code>publish_timestamp</code>，从 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 中挑选 1 条数据如下：</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> "took": 6,</span><br><span class="line"> "timed_out": false,</span><br><span class="line"> "_shards": {</span><br><span class="line"> "total": 80,</span><br><span class="line"> "successful": 80,</span><br><span class="line"> "skipped": 0,</span><br><span class="line"> "failed": 0</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> "hits": {</span><br><span class="line"> "total": 1,</span><br><span class="line"> "max_score": 11.363798,</span><br><span class="line"> "hits": [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> "_index": "ds-banyan-newsforum-post-year-2019-v3",</span><br><span class="line"> "_type": "post",</span><br><span class="line"> "_id": "ae75c92981148654195408f9f5260930",</span><br><span class="line"> "_score": 11.363798,</span><br><span class="line"> "_source": {</span><br><span class="line"> "id": "ae75c92981148654195408f9f5260930",</span><br><span class="line"> "url": "https://fxhh.jd.com/detail.html?id=226608850",</span><br><span class="line"> "publish_timestamp": 1575129850000</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215184320.png" alt="查看测试数据" title="查看测试数据"></p><p>配置 <code>pom.xml</code> 文件，引入 <code>v2.4.5</code> 的 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 依赖。</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><!-- 2.4.5 版本获取 Node 过程兼容了 2.1.0 版本，但是读取 ES 数据中文字段会丢失 --></span><br><span class="line"><elasticsearch-hadoop.version>2.4.5</elasticsearch-hadoop.version></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <!-- es-spark, 要指定 es-hadoop 新版本 --></span><br><span class="line"> <!-- 以下 2 个依赖包都需要 --></span><br><span class="line"> <dependency></span><br><span class="line"> <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId></span><br><span class="line"> <artifactId>elasticsearch-hadoop</artifactId></span><br><span class="line"> <version>${elasticsearch-hadoop.version}</version></span><br><span class="line"> <!-- 必须移除，与 spark-core_2.10 里面有冲突 --></span><br><span class="line"> <exclusions></span><br><span class="line"> <exclusion></span><br><span class="line"> <groupId>com.esotericsoftware</groupId></span><br><span class="line"> <artifactId>kryo</artifactId></span><br><span class="line"> </exclusion></span><br><span class="line"> </exclusions></span><br><span class="line"> </dependency></span><br><span class="line"> <dependency></span><br><span class="line"> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId></span><br><span class="line"> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId></span><br><span class="line"> <version>4.0.1</version></span><br><span class="line"> </dependency></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>测试程序的逻辑就是一个简单的读取数据、<code>ETL</code> 处理流程。</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">JavaPairRDD<String, Map<String, Object>> esRDD = JavaEsSpark.esRDD (jsc, sparkConf);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在 <code>ETL</code> 处理时会取出 <code>publish_timestamp</code> 字段进行使用，我们可以本地 <code>debug</code> 查看它的取值。</p><p>默认情况下，<code>es.mapping.date.rich</code> 是开启的【取值为 <code>true</code>，自动转换日期字段】，本地 <code>debug</code>，查看 <code>publish_timestamp</code> 字段的取值，可以发现已经被转为了 <code>Java</code> 中的 <code>Date</code> 类型【取值 <code>Sun Dec 01 00:04:10 CST 2019</code>】。</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215191943.png" alt="转为 Date 类型" title="转为 Date 类型"></p><p>接着关闭 <code>es.mapping.date.rich</code>，本地 <code>debug</code>，查看 <code>publish_timestamp</code> 字段的取值，可以发现仍旧是毫秒时间戳【取值为 <code>1575129850000</code>】。</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215192158.png" alt="仍旧是时间戳格式" title="仍旧是时间戳格式"></p><p>把这个毫秒时间戳转为格式化日期，可以看到取值是 <code>Sun Dec 1 00:04:10 CST 2019</code>，与上面的 <code>debug</code> 结果一致。</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2018/20200215192346.png" alt="格式化时间戳" title="格式化时间戳"></p><h1 id="备注"><a href="# 备注" class="headerlink" title="备注"></a>备注</h1><p>关于 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 版本的选择，需要慎重，不仅要考虑匹配 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 环境的版本，还要注意一些坑。</p><p>例如，如果 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 版本为 <code>v2.4.5</code>，而使用 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 的版本为 <code>v2.1.0</code>，此时还无法完美支持 <code>Date</code> 字段，进而会导致程序异常，原因就是无法处理 <code>Date</code> 类型的字段，配置参数 <code>es.mapping.date.rich</code> 可以关闭转换逻辑。</p><p>此外最好还是升级 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 版本与 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 保持一致，例如升级到 <code>v2.4.5</code>【与 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 版本保持一致】。</p><p>但是，<code>v2.4.5</code> 版本的 <code>elasticsearch-hadoop</code> 自有它的坑【是很严重的 <code>bug</code>】，那就是它在处理数据时，会过滤掉中文的字段，导致读取中文字段丢失，影响中间的 <code>ETL</code> 处理逻辑。而如果数据处理完成后，再写回去原来的 <code>Elasticsearch</code> 索引就悲剧了，采用 <code>index</code> 方式会覆盖数据，导致中文字段全部丢失；采用 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