vim.rme

#2018#01#19 #vim #plaintext #editor
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|                                     VIM                                      |
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   The eternal editor war. Do you prefer 'emacs' or 'vim'?
      Upon which side does your loyalty lie?

      It was dying out when I was going to school, but of course the old
      knuckle-draggers who've been 'round the block never fail to pop the 
      question (usually the last one). Always given with smiles as if to 
      laugh at the silliness of it and how much this thing has blown out of 
      proportion. But yet, with some people, you can give the wrong answer.

      me? I picked the one I knew better, and have a comfort in knowing that
      virtually any unix, linux, or such-variant will always have (except in 
      very rare cases) 'vi' available. and if not, well ... shit I guess 'ed'.


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# -------------------------------- NAVIGATION -------------------------------- #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

** JUMPS
--------
   A "jump" is any command that makes the cursor "jump", that is, move the
   cursor to another location in the document by skipping lines or characters.
   They can be one of the following commands:
      '    (apostrophe)             jump to mark (exact position, exclusive)
      `    (backtick)               jump to mark (first non-blank char in line)
      G    (uppercase g)            jump to end of current file
      gg   (lowercase 'gg')         jump to start of current file
      /    (forward slash)          search for term (forward motion)
      ?    (question mark)          search for term (backward motion)
      n    (lowercase n)            jump to next occurrence of search term
      N    (uppercase n)            jump to previous occurrence of search term
      %    (percent symbol)         jump to matching (), [], {}
      (    (open parens)            jump to start of current sentence
      )    (close parens)           jump to end of current sentence
      {    (open curly brace)       jump to start of current paragraph
      }    (close curly brace)      jump to end of current paragraph
      :s   (colon lowercase s)      substitute pattern with replacement text
      :tag (colon lowercase 'tag')  jump to a tag
      L    (uppercase l)            jump to bottom of current screen (low)
      M    (uppercase m)            jump to middle of current screen (mid)
      H    (uppercase h)            jump to top of current screen (high)
      ]]   (double close brackets)  jump forward to next '{' in first column
      ][   (close open brackets)    jump forward to next '}' in first column
      [[   (double open brackets)   jump backward to prev '{' in first column
      []   (open close brackets)    jump backward to prev '}' in first column
      [(   (open bracket & paren)   jump to [count] previous unmatched '('
      [{   (open bracket & brace)   jump to [count] previous unmatched '{'
      ])   (close bracket & paren)  jump to [count] next unmatched ')'
      ]}   (close bracket & brace)  jump to [count] next unmatched '}'
      (any command that starts editing a new file)

   Any time a jump is made, the position of the cursor before the jump is saved
   in history (in the ~/.viminfo file). To return to that position, use either
   the '' (double apostrophe) command or the `` (double backtick) command. If
   the line containing the position is changed or deleted, then it will jump
   to the nearest line.

"CTRL-O"            - jump backwards in jump history (works across files)
"CTRL-I" or "<Tab>" - jump forwards in jump history (to most recent movement)

                              ~-~-~-~ File ~-~-~-~
            _G          Jump to line _ in current file.
            _%          Jump to _ percent of current file.
            G           Jump to end of current file.
            gg          Jump to start of current file.
            CTRL-G      Display cursor position relative to file length.
            CTRL-^      Switch between latest two files open in buffer.
                             ~-~-~-~ Lines ~-~-~-~
         ^ , 0 , <HOME>    Jump to the start of the current line.
           $ , <END>       Jump to the end of the current line.


** MARKS
--------
 - Marks are invisible labels that vim keeps track of and allows easy movement
   through a local file and multiple files in general. 
 - To set a mark, use this syntax: m{a-zA-Z} , which stands for "press 'm' and
   then '{a-zA-Z}'" where {a-zA-Z} includes any letter between 'a' and 'z', 
   case-insensitive. Vim will remember the cursor position with that mark.
 - The lowercase letters {a-z} are reserved for the local file, while the 
   uppercase ones {A-Z} can save marks across different files.
 - To jump back to any previously set mark, use either the ` (backtick) or the
   ' (single quote) and use it exactly the same way as setting a mark.

   SPECIAL MARKS:
   --------------
      There are marks which cannot be set, but are tracked and updated by vim,
   and are extremely useful. They are as follows:
   
   [0-9]    (.viminfo req) '0 marks cursor when last exited vim. '1 (2nd last)
   [        To the first character of the previously changed or yanked text.
   ]        To the last character of the previously changed or yanked text.
   <        To the first line or char of the last VISUAL buffer (current buf)
   >        To the last line or char of the last VISUAL buffer (current buf)
   ' or `   (single quote or backtick)To the last position before latest jump.
   "        (double quote)To last cursor pos when exiting current buffer.
   ^        To the pos where cursor was last when INSERT mode stopped.
   .        (dot)To the cursor pos of last change made.


                          ~-~-~-~ Word Movement ~-~-~-~
      "w" - move forward 1 word (start)      "b" - move backward 1 word (start)
      "e" - move forward 1 word (end)        "g"


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# ------------------------------ CHANGING TEXT ------------------------------- #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
   To change text in this context means to delete the text and replace it with
   other text using one command. All of the commands described can be undone
   with the 'u' command (and redone with the 'CTRL-r' command). Any non-Ex
   command may be repeated with the '.' (dot) command. As with almost all
   vim commands, an optional [count] and ["register] may be specified to
   perform the command [count] times and/or to store the results into any
   particular ["register]; similarly, in most cases the optional [count] may
   be substituted with a {motion} or on a selection of text in {Visual} mode.

DELETING TEXT
-------------
   'x' deletes characters ('X' deletes in opposite direction).
   'd' deletes text (from words to lines to blocks of text). ('dd' does lines)
   'D' deletes from cursor to end of line.
   (all of the above work with: {Visual}, [count], and ["register])
:[range]d[elete] [x] {count} is an Ex command that deletes chars.
................................................................................
   'gJ' joins lines (minimum two lines). Removes <EOL> between the lines.
   'J' does the same as above except indents are removed and two spaces added.
   (^^^ works with: {Visual} and [count] ^^^)
:[range]j[oin][!] {count} [flags] (Ex version)
................................................................................
   '[g]r{char}' replaces char under cursor with {char}. g==screen space.
   'R' enters Replace mode and text inserted will replace existing chars.
   'gR' does the same but replaces chars in screen space. very interesting.
   (^^^ works with: {Visual} and [count] ^^^)
................................................................................
   'c' changes text (delete text and enter Insert mode). ('cc' does lines)
   'C' changes text from cursor to end of line.
   's' (a.k.a. substitute) is synonym for 'cl' ('l' is {motion}).
   'S' is a synonym for 'cc'.
   (^^^ works with: {Visual}, [count], and ["register] ^^^)
................................................................................
CHANGING CASE
-------------
   '~' switch case of the char under cursor and move cursor to the right.
   'g~' switch case of text. usually used with {motion}.
   'g~~' or 'g~g~' switches case of the current line.
   'U' changes char/line/text to uppercase. 'u' for lowercase.
   (^^^ works with: {Visual}, [count], {motion} ^^^)
................................................................................
ADDING / SUBTRACTING
--------------------
   When dealing with numbers (signed and unsigned decimal numbers; unsigned
   binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers; alphabetic characters) use the
   'CTRL-a' and 'CTRL-x' commands.
   'CTRL-a'  will add [count] to the number or alphabetic char in text.
   'CTRL-x' subtracts [count].
   (^^^ works with: {Visual} and [count] ^^^)
................................................................................
SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT
----------------------------
   '<[<]' shifts {motion}/[count] lines 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
   '>[>]' does the same rightwards. '>' uses {motion}, '>>' uses [count].
   (^^^ {Visual}[count] applies to '>' and '<' ^^^)
:[range][<>] {count}   (Ex version)
................................................................................
ALIGNING TEXT
-------------
................................................................................
COPYING AND MOVING TEXT
-----------------------
   'y' yanks(copies) text. 'yy' and 'Y' works linewise.
   'p' puts(pastes) text after cursor. 'P' puts before cursor.
   'gp' and 'gP' works the same but leaves cursor just after the new text.
   (^^^ works with: {Visual}, [count], ["registers], and {motion} ^^^)
:[range]y[ank] [x] {count}   (Ex version)
:[range]pu[t] [x] {count}    (Ex version)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# -------------------------------- REGISTERS --------------------------------- #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
   Registers are extremely handy. Know them and use them.
   :reg[isters] and :di[splay] both show all numbered and named registers.

   There are ten types of registers:
   1. The unnamed register                 ""
   2. 10 numbered registers                "0 to "9
   3. The small delete register            "-
   4. 26 named registers                   "a to "z or "A to "Z
   5. three read-only registers            ":, "., "%
   6. alternate buffer register            "#
   7. the expression register              "=
   8. the selection and drop registers     "*, "+ and "~
   9. the black hole register              "_
   10. the last search pattern register    "/

   Here is a quick summary of what each one does.
   1. is a pointer to last used register (for 'd', 'c', 's', 'x' or 'y').
   2. "0 is most recent yank. "1 - "9 are 9 most recent deletes/changes.
   3. contains text from commands that delete less than one line.
   4. vim fills these registers when you say so. (a-z:replace) (A-Z:append)
   5. (". last inserted text)("% current filename)(": last executed cmd-line)
   6. contains name of alternate file for current window. CTRL-^
   7. 


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# ------------------------------- NORMAL MODE -------------------------------- #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

   THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND:   :s/old/new/g   
      (substitute 'new' for 'old')
      No need to highlight the entire line in Visual mode, this will work on
      the entire line (trailing 'g' must be present) as long as the cursor is
      on the line.

      A range can also be specified (in line numbers): :#,#s/old/new/g
      The entire file can be processed in one command: :%s/old/new/g[c]
               (optional 'c' will prompt at each occurrence)
 'y'(yes); 'n'(no); 'a'(all); 'q'(quit); 'l'(line?); '^E'(move up); '^Y'(down)

################################################################################

   EXECUTING SHELL COMMANDS:   :!COMMAND ARGS
      Sequence must terminate with the <RETURN> or <ENTER> key.

################################################################################
   
   INSERT CONTENTS OF FILE:   :r FILENAME
      You can also read the output of an external command, e.g. :r !ls

################################################################################

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# ------------------------------- VISUAL MODE -------------------------------- #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
   
   SAVE(WRITE) A PORTION OF A FILE
      In VISUAL mode, select the desired text and use :w FILENAME to save.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# ------------------------------- INSERT MODE -------------------------------- #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

                            ~-~-~-~ Pasting ~-~-~-~
   To properly copypasta something into vim while maintaining proper 
      indentation, do either of the following:
   (1) :set paste 
   (2) :set pastetoggle=<F5>    (then press <F5> in Insert mode and paste)


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# ------------------------------ MULTIPLE FILES ------------------------------ #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
      :edit

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

                ~-~-~-~ Copy/Pasta using system clipboard ~-~-~-~
   By default, vim uses its own internal register when performing commands
     like copy, cut, and paste. However, IFF vim is compiled with the correct
     options, then it is possible to manipulate the system clipboard just
     like most modern graphical applications that interact with the system
     clipboard through keybindings such as C-C, C-X, C-V.

   Vim offers the '+' and '*' registers to reference the system clipboard.
     On Linux, '+' refers to the desktop clipboard (XA_SECONDARY), while the
     '*' register refers to the X11 clip (XA_PRIMARY) which is generally used 
     to store the mouse selection and pasted with the middle mouse button.

   To yank(copy): "[*+]y    To kill(cut): "[*+]d      To paste:   "[*+]p

   Other common commands:
      - gg"+yG    -  copy the entire buffer into '+' (normal)
      - "*dd      -  cut the current line into '*' (normal)
      - "+p       -  paste from '+' after the cursor (normal/visual)
      - :%y *     -  copy the entire buffer into '*' (ex)


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|                                  ~ finis ~                                   |
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