diff --git a/change/@graphitation-supermassive-05461de2-3077-420e-ac4b-37fda806def5.json b/change/@graphitation-supermassive-05461de2-3077-420e-ac4b-37fda806def5.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95841262a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change/@graphitation-supermassive-05461de2-3077-420e-ac4b-37fda806def5.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "minor",
+  "comment": "throw on executing undefined root field",
+  "packageName": "@graphitation/supermassive",
+  "email": "dsamsonov@microsoft.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}
diff --git a/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/execute.test.ts.snap b/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/execute.test.ts.snap
index d08cdee54..fcae726fc 100644
--- a/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/execute.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/execute.test.ts.snap
@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
 
+exports[`executeWithoutSchema - regression tests Executing mutation without resolver should return error 1`] = `
+{
+  "data": null,
+  "errors": [
+    [GraphQLError: Resolver for Mutation.downloadFile is missing],
+  ],
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`executeWithoutSchema - regression tests Executing mutation without type definitions return error 1`] = `
+{
+  "data": null,
+  "errors": [
+    [GraphQLError: Type definition for Mutation.downloadFile is missing],
+  ],
+}
+`;
+
 exports[`graphql-js snapshot check to ensure test stability Advanced Default value 1`] = `
 {
   "data": {
diff --git a/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/execute.test.ts b/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/execute.test.ts
index dad4ed272..9519d2d55 100644
--- a/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/execute.test.ts
+++ b/packages/supermassive/src/__tests__/execute.test.ts
@@ -490,4 +490,51 @@ describe("executeWithoutSchema - regression tests", () => {
     expect(infoAtCallTime?.fieldNodes[0].name.value).toEqual("foo");
     expect(infoAtCallTime?.fieldNodes[1].name.value).toEqual("foo");
   });
+
+  test("Executing mutation without type definitions return error", async () => {
+    const schemaFragment = {
+      schemaId: "test",
+      definitions: { types: {} },
+      resolvers: {},
+    };
+    const document = parse(
+      `mutation DownloadFile { downloadFile { downloadUrl } }`,
+    );
+
+    const result = await executeWithoutSchema({
+      document,
+      schemaFragment,
+    });
+
+    // Note: there used to be a discrepancy in the results based on whether schemaFramentLoader provided or not.
+    const result1 = await executeWithoutSchema({
+      document,
+      schemaFragment,
+      schemaFragmentLoader: (currentFragment) =>
+        Promise.resolve({ mergedFragment: currentFragment }),
+    });
+
+    expect(result).toStrictEqual(result1);
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  test("Executing mutation without resolver should return error", async () => {
+    const schemaFragment = {
+      schemaId: "test",
+      definitions: encodeASTSchema(
+        parse(`type Mutation { downloadFile: DownloadFileResult }`),
+      )[0],
+      resolvers: {},
+    };
+    const document = parse(
+      `mutation DownloadFile { downloadFile { downloadUrl } }`,
+    );
+
+    const result = await executeWithoutSchema({
+      document,
+      schemaFragment,
+    });
+
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/supermassive/src/executeWithoutSchema.ts b/packages/supermassive/src/executeWithoutSchema.ts
index 06bb01f25..0286b0232 100644
--- a/packages/supermassive/src/executeWithoutSchema.ts
+++ b/packages/supermassive/src/executeWithoutSchema.ts
@@ -460,6 +460,10 @@ function executeFieldsSerially(
       }
       if (isPromise(result)) {
         return result.then((resolvedResult: unknown) => {
+          if (resolvedResult === undefined) {
+            return results;
+          }
+
           results[responseName] = resolvedResult;
           return results;
         });
@@ -566,8 +570,10 @@ function executeField(
     fieldName,
   });
   if (!loading) {
+    throwIfRootField(parentTypeName, fieldName, fieldGroup, "typeDefinition");
     return undefined;
   }
+
   return loading.then(() => {
     const fieldDef = Definitions.getField(
       exeContext.schemaFragment.definitions,
@@ -585,10 +591,31 @@ function executeField(
         incrementalDataRecord,
       );
     }
+
+    throwIfRootField(parentTypeName, fieldName, fieldGroup, "typeDefinition");
     return undefined;
   });
 }
 
+function throwIfRootField(
+  parentTypeName: string,
+  fieldName: string,
+  fieldGroup: FieldGroup,
+  validationTarget: "typeDefinition" | "resolver",
+) {
+  const isRootField =
+    parentTypeName === "Mutation" || parentTypeName === "Query";
+  if (isRootField) {
+    const message =
+      validationTarget === "typeDefinition"
+        ? `Type definition for ${parentTypeName}.${fieldName} is missing`
+        : validationTarget === "resolver"
+        ? `Resolver for ${parentTypeName}.${fieldName} is missing`
+        : "Unexpected validation target";
+    throw locatedError(new Error(message), fieldGroup);
+  }
+}
+
 function requestSchemaFragment(
   exeContext: ExecutionContext,
   request: SchemaFragmentRequest,
@@ -999,6 +1026,18 @@ function resolveAndCompleteField(
 
   const isDefaultResolverUsed =
     resolveFn === exeContext.fieldResolver || fieldName === "__typename";
+
+  if (resolveFn === exeContext.fieldResolver && typeof source === "undefined") {
+    /**
+     * Resolving a root field with default resolver makes operation look succsessful, even though nothing was actually done.
+     * This leads to problems that are hard to debug, especially for mutations.
+     *
+     * NOTE1: executing Mutation.__typename or Query.__typename with default resolver is fine
+     * NOTE2: source check is required to account for systems like Grats that work exclusively on default resolvers
+     */
+    throwIfRootField(parentTypeName, fieldName, fieldGroup, "resolver");
+  }
+
   const hooks = exeContext.fieldExecutionHooks;
   let hookContext: unknown = undefined;