diff --git a/src/ml4t/live/safety.py b/src/ml4t/live/safety.py
index 17bfad7..e9116cc 100644
--- a/src/ml4t/live/safety.py
+++ b/src/ml4t/live/safety.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 from enum import StrEnum
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
 
 from ml4t.backtest.types import Order, OrderSide, OrderStatus, OrderType, Position
 from ml4t.specs import ExecutionCapability
@@ -1130,7 +1131,7 @@ async def _reduce_position_unlocked(
                     side=request.side,
                     quantity=request.quantity,
                     order_type=OrderType.MARKET,
-                    order_id=f"SHADOW-REDUCE-{int(time.time() * 1_000_000)}",
+                    order_id=self._new_shadow_order_id("SHADOW-REDUCE"),
                     status=OrderStatus.FILLED,
                     filled_quantity=request.quantity,
                     filled_price=price,
@@ -1440,7 +1441,7 @@ async def _submit_order_unlocked(
                 order_type=order_type,
                 limit_price=limit_price,
                 stop_price=stop_price,
-                order_id=f"SHADOW-{int(time.time() * 1000)}",
+                order_id=self._new_shadow_order_id("SHADOW"),
                 status=OrderStatus.FILLED,
                 filled_quantity=quantity,
                 filled_price=price,
@@ -1510,6 +1511,10 @@ async def _submit_order_unlocked(
 
         return order
 
+    def _new_shadow_order_id(self, prefix: str) -> str:
+        """Keep shadow identities distinct across clock ticks and process restarts."""
+        return f"{prefix}-{uuid4().hex}"
+
     def _commit_accepted_order(self, request: CanonicalOrderRequest) -> None:
         """Commit counters and histories only after an order is accepted."""
         now = time.time()
diff --git a/tests/contracts/test_causal_strategy_parity.py b/tests/contracts/test_causal_strategy_parity.py
index f1941a8..1d718a9 100644
--- a/tests/contracts/test_causal_strategy_parity.py
+++ b/tests/contracts/test_causal_strategy_parity.py
@@ -420,6 +420,37 @@ async def test_scheduled_target_matches_when_observable_state_is_equivalent(tmp_
     assert live.strategy_trace.observations == backtest.strategy_trace.observations
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_shadow_order_identities_do_not_collide_within_ticks_or_after_restart(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr("ml4t.live.safety.time.time", lambda: 1_700_000_000.0)
+    orders = []
+
+    class SubmitStrategy(Strategy):
+        def on_data(self, timestamp, data, context, broker):
+            orders.append(broker.submit_order("SPY", 1))
+            orders.append(broker.submit_order("SPY", 1))
+            orders.append(broker.close_position("SPY"))
+
+    for _ in range(2):
+        safe = SafeBroker(
+            DeterministicLiveBroker(),
+            LiveRiskConfig(
+                execution_mode="shadow",
+                dedup_window_seconds=0,
+                state_file=str(tmp_path / "state.json"),
+            ),
+        )
+        engine = LiveEngine(SubmitStrategy(), safe, DeterministicLiveFeed(market_events()[:1]))
+        await engine.connect()
+        await engine.run()
+        assert safe.positions == {}
+
+    assert len(orders) == 6
+    assert len({order.order_id for order in orders}) == 6
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_late_same_session_target_is_rejected_without_submission_in_both_engines(
     tmp_path,
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_provider_contract.py b/tests/unit/test_provider_contract.py
index cf9868e..4676aec 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_provider_contract.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_provider_contract.py
@@ -226,7 +226,17 @@ def test_tampered_reported_contract_fails_closed(
     assert classification.reason == "reported contract does not match its evidence commit"
 
 
-def test_ib_tif_change_invalidates_v012_evidence() -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("provider", "changed_input"),
+    [
+        ("ib", "src/ml4t/live/brokers/ib.py"),
+        ("ib", "src/ml4t/live/safety.py"),
+        ("alpaca", "src/ml4t/live/safety.py"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_changed_broker_inputs_require_fresh_provider_evidence(
+    provider: str, changed_input: str
+) -> None:
     repository = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
     tag = subprocess.run(
         ["git", "cat-file", "-e", "v0.1.2^{commit}"],
@@ -236,7 +246,7 @@ def test_ib_tif_change_invalidates_v012_evidence() -> None:
     )
     if tag.returncode != 0:
         pytest.skip("v0.1.2 history is required")
-    classification = _classification(repository, "ib", "v0.1.2", "HEAD")
+    classification = _classification(repository, provider, "v0.1.2", "HEAD")
 
     assert classification.reusable is False
-    assert "src/ml4t/live/brokers/ib.py" in classification.changed_inputs
+    assert changed_input in classification.changed_inputs
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_safe_broker.py b/tests/unit/test_safe_broker.py
index 8ee3ed0..f65466a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_safe_broker.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_safe_broker.py
@@ -786,6 +786,29 @@ def test_prune_history_removes_old_recent_orders(mock_broker, config):
 # === Submit Order Integration Tests ===
 
 
+async def test_shadow_order_ids_stay_unique_when_the_clock_does_not_advance(
+    mock_broker, config, monkeypatch
+):
+    """Millisecond shadow ids collide when two orders are accepted in the same tick."""
+    config.shadow_mode = True
+    config.execution_mode = "shadow"
+    config.dedup_window_seconds = 0
+    safe = SafeBroker(mock_broker, config)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("ml4t.live.safety.time.time", lambda: 1_700_000_000.0)
+    safe._record_market_data(
+        datetime.now(UTC),
+        {"AAPL": {"close": 150.0}, "MSFT": {"close": 300.0}},
+        {},
+    )
+
+    first = await safe.submit_order_async("AAPL", 1, OrderSide.BUY)
+    second = await safe.submit_order_async("MSFT", 1, OrderSide.BUY)
+
+    assert first.order_id != second.order_id
+    assert first.order_id.startswith("SHADOW-")
+    assert second.order_id.startswith("SHADOW-")
+
+
 async def test_submit_order_shadow_mode(mock_broker, config):
     """Test submit_order_async in shadow mode."""
     config.shadow_mode = True