From 77235aa5e4bbf4cbb373bd464337db4a59026887 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Rawson <83755128+thomrawson@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2026 14:41:26 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Added MERS excluded studies Added MERS_excluded_studies.csv as referenced in the MERS SI. --- data/MERS_excluded_studies.csv | 584 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 584 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/MERS_excluded_studies.csv diff --git a/data/MERS_excluded_studies.csv b/data/MERS_excluded_studies.csv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fb2bfe0d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/MERS_excluded_studies.csv @@ -0,0 +1,584 @@ +Title,Authors,Abstract,Published Year,Published Month,Journal,Volume,Issue,Pages,Accession Number,DOI,Ref,Covidence #,Study,Notes,Tags +"Communicable Diseases Prioritized According to Their Public Health Relevance, Sweden, 2013.",Dahl V.; Tegnell A.; Wallensten A.,"To establish strategic priorities for the Public Health Agency of Sweden we prioritized pathogens according to their public health relevance in Sweden in order to guide resource allocation. We then compared the outcome to ongoing surveillance. We used a modified prioritization method developed at the Robert Koch Institute in Germany. In a Delphi process experts scored pathogens according to ten variables. We ranked the pathogens according to the total score and divided them into four priority groups. We then compared the priority groups to self-reported time spent on surveillance by epidemiologists and ongoing programmes for surveillance through mandatory and/or voluntary notifications and for surveillance of typing results. 106 pathogens were scored. The result of the prioritization process was similar to the outcome of the prioritization in Germany. Common pathogens such as calicivirus and Influenza virus as well as blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus, gastro-intestinal infections such as Campylobacter and Salmonella and vector-borne pathogens such as Borrelia were all in the highest priority group. 63% of time spent by epidemiologists on surveillance was spent on pathogens in the highest priority group and all pathogens in the highest priority group, except for Borrelia and varicella-zoster virus, were under surveillance through notifications. Ten pathogens in the highest priority group (Borrelia, calicivirus, Campylobacter, Echinococcus multilocularis, hepatitis C virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS- and MERS coronavirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and varicella-zoster virus) did not have any surveillance of typing results. We will evaluate the possibilities of surveillance for the pathogens in the highest priority group where we currently do not have any ongoing surveillance and evaluate the need of surveillance for the pathogens from the low priority group where there is ongoing surveillance in order to focus our work on the pathogens with the highest relevance.",2015,,PloS one,10,9,e0136353,,10.1371/journal.pone.0136353,26397699,#387,Dahl 2015,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; ",review +Spread of MERS to South Korea and China.,Hui DS.; Perlman S.; Zumla A.,,2015,Jul,The Lancet. Respiratory medicine,3,7,509-10,,10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00238-6,26050550,#646,Hui 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:17:22)(Select): it is a comment; ,"" +MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?,Su S.; Wong G.; Liu Y.; Gao GF.; Li S.; Bi Y.,,2015,Jun,"Lancet (London, England)",385,9985,2349-50,,10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60859-5,26088634,#658,Su 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome in the shadow of Ebola.,Zumla A.; Perlman S.; McNabb SJN.; Shaikh A.; Heymann DL.; McCloskey B.; Hui DS.,,2015,Feb,The Lancet. Respiratory medicine,3,2,100-102,,10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70316-9,25592990,#670,Zumla 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,"" +Prevalence and genetic diversity analysis of human coronaviruses among cross-border children.,Liu P.; Shi L.; Zhang W.; He J.; Liu C.; Zhao C.; Kong SK.; Loo JFC.; Gu D.; Hu L.,"More than a decade after the outbreak of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) SARS in Guangdong province and Hong Kong SAR of China in 2002, there is still no reoccurrence, but the evolution and recombination of the coronaviruses in this region are still unknown. Therefore, surveillance on the prevalence and the virus variation of HCoVs circulation in this region is conducted. A total of 3298 nasopharyngeal swabs samples were collected from cross-border children (<6 years, crossing border between Southern China and Hong Kong SAR) showing symptoms of respiratory tract infection, such as fever (body temperature > 37.5 °C), from 2014 May to 2015 Dec. Viral nucleic acids were analyzed and sequenced to study the prevalence and genetic diversity of the four human coronaviruses. The statistical significance of the data was evaluated with Fisher chi-square test. 78 (2.37%; 95%CI 1.8-2.8%) out of 3298 nasopharyngeal swabs specimens were found to be positive for OC43 (36;1.09%), HKU1 (34; 1.03%), NL63 (6; 0.18%) and 229E (2;0.01%). None of SARS or MERS was detected. The HCoVs predominant circulating season was in transition of winter to spring, especially January and February and NL63 detected only in summer and fall. Complex population with an abundant genetic diversity of coronaviruses was circulating and they shared homology with the published strains (99-100%). Besides, phylogenetic evolutionary analysis indicated that OC43 coronaviruses were clustered into three clades (B,D,E), HKU1 clustered into two clades(A,B) and NL63 clustered into two clades(A,B). Moreover, several novel mutations including nucleotides substitution and the insertion of spike of the glycoprotein on the viral surface were discovered. The detection rate and epidemic trend of coronaviruses were stable and no obvious fluctuations were found. The detected coronaviruses shared a conserved gene sequences in S and RdRp. However, mutants of the epidemic strains were detected, suggesting continuous monitoring of the human coronaviruses is in need among cross-border children, who are more likely to get infected and transmit the viruses across the border easily, in addition to the general public.",2017,11,Virology journal,14,1,230,,10.1186/s12985-017-0896-0,29166910,#676,Liu 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:53:00)(Select): no MERS detected through viral testing; ,"" +"Closing the knowledge gaps on MERS: three and half years since its detection, what have we learnt and what needs to be done urgently?",Malik MR.; Mahjour J.,,2016,Apr,Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit,22,2,85-6,,,27180735,#716,Malik 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +"Communicable disease X (Ebola, MERS, TB, measles…)--coming soon to a neighborhood near you? Lessons learned about communicable disease and air travel.",Marienau KJ.,,,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,13,1,3-5,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.12.003,25564429,#766,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Research needed to prevent MERS coronavirus outbreaks.,Devi S.,,2017,04,"Lancet (London, England)",389,10078,1502,,10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30998-4,28422017,#854,Devi 2017,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 07:54:31)(Select): report, not peer reviewed; ",review +A lesson learned from the MERS outbreak in South Korea in 2015.,Ha KM.,,2016,Mar,The Journal of hospital infection,92,3,232-4,,10.1016/j.jhin.2015.10.004,26601605,#968,Ha 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Controlling Middle East respiratory syndrome: lessons learned from severe acute respiratory syndrome.,Yen MY.; Schwartz J.; Wu JS.; Hsueh PR.,,2015,Dec,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,61,11,1761-2,,10.1093/cid/civ648,26240205,#981,Yen 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,"" +MERS = SARS?,Hon KL.,,2015,Oct,Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi,21,5,478,,10.12809/hkmj154626,26493082,#1009,Hon 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +South Korea scrambles to contain MERS virus.,Dyer O.,,2015,Jun,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),350,,h3095,,10.1136/bmj.h3095,26047970,#1024,Dyer 2015,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 07:11:13)(Select): news article, not peer reviewed; ","" +The emerging threat of MERS.,Jalal S.,,2015,Mar,JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association,65,3,310-1,,,25933568,#1040,Jalal 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Too many unknowns stymie response to MERS.,Maurice J.,,2015,Jul,"Lancet (London, England)",386,9988,15,,10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61186-2,26169850,#1041,Maurice 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-11-06 04:50:07)(Select): not peer reviewed?; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Hui DS.; Peiris M.,,2015,Aug,American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,192,3,278-9,,10.1164/rccm.201506-1221ED,26120749,#1162,Hui 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:16:04)(Select): editorial not PR; ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Al-Maani A.; Gold WL.; McGeer A.,,2015,Jun,CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne,187,9,679,,10.1503/cmaj.140951,25897055,#1193,Al-Maani 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +South Korean MERS outbreak spotlights lack of research.,Butler D.,,2015,Jun,Nature,522,7555,139-40,,10.1038/522139a,26062490,#1220,Butler 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-22 18:43:45)(Select): not peer reviewed article?; ,review +Drivers of airborne human-to-human pathogen transmission.,Herfst S.; Böhringer M.; Karo B.; Lawrence P.; Lewis NS.; Mina MJ.; Russell CJ.; Steel J.; de Swart RL.; Menge C.,"Airborne pathogens - either transmitted via aerosol or droplets - include a wide variety of highly infectious and dangerous microbes such as variola virus, measles virus, influenza A viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis. Emerging zoonotic pathogens, for example, MERS coronavirus, avian influenza viruses, Coxiella, and Francisella, would have pandemic potential were they to acquire efficient human-to-human transmissibility. Here, we synthesize insights from microbiological, medical, social, and economic sciences to provide known mechanisms of aerosolized transmissibility and identify knowledge gaps that limit emergency preparedness plans. In particular, we propose a framework of drivers facilitating human-to-human transmission with the airspace between individuals as an intermediate stage. The model is expected to enhance identification and risk assessment of novel pathogens.",2017,02,Current opinion in virology,22,,22-29,,10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.006,27918958,#1286,Herfst 2017,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; ","" +Middle East respiratory syndrome: the need for better evidence in severe respiratory viral infections.,Abo-Leyah H.; Chalmers JD.,,2015,Jun,Critical care medicine,43,6,1344-6,,10.1097/CCM.0000000000001008,25978166,#1324,Abo-Leyah 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-10 01:36:16)(Select): report metrics from other papers; ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Concern.,Wiwanitkit V.,,2015,Nov,American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,192,9,1135,,10.1164/rccm.201507-1357LE,26517421,#1325,Wiwanitkit 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,review +Modeling Emergent Diseases: Lessons From Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Meyerholz DK.,,2016,May,Veterinary pathology,53,3,517-8,,10.1177/0300985816634811,27000399,#1326,Meyerholz 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:18:34)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Reply: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Concern.,Hui DS.; Peiris M.,,2015,Nov,American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,192,9,1135-6,,10.1164/rccm.201507-1485LE,26517422,#1329,Hui 2015,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 00:08:23)(Select): reply - not main article; ",review +A lesson learned from the MERS epidemic in Korea: an essay on MERS.,Meng KH.,,2015,,Epidemiology and health,37,,e2015034,,10.4178/epih/e2015034,26300436,#1380,Meng 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:17:56)(Select): letter to editor; ,review +Transmissibility of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome by the Airborne Route.,Oh MD.,,2016,10,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,63,8,1143,,10.1093/cid/ciw479,27432839,#1396,Oh 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 20:00:55)(Select): letter to editor ; ,"" +Understanding Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Rolston KV.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome is an infection caused by a novel coronavirus. The primary source of the virus is infected camels in several countries in the Arabian peninsula. The infection is acquired by coming into contact with infected animals, animal products, or with patients who have the syndrome. Mortality for this syndrome is 30% to 40%, and treatment is supportive because no antiviral therapy exists.",2015,Jul,JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants,28,7,52-4,,10.1097/01.JAA.0000466591.41090.5e,26107798,#1415,Rolston 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Korea?,Cho HW.; Chu C.,,2015,Aug,Osong public health and research perspectives,6,4,219-23,,10.1016/j.phrp.2015.08.005,26473088,#1417,Cho 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-21 19:19:54)(Select): editorials are not peer reviewed; ,"" +"Molecular epidemiology and characterization of human coronavirus in Thailand, 2012-2013.",Soonnarong R.; Thongpan I.; Payungporn S.; Vuthitanachot C.; Vuthitanachot V.; Vichiwattana P.; Vongpunsawad S.; Poovorawan Y.,"Coronavirus causes respiratory infections in humans. To determine the prevalence of human coronavirus (HCoV) infection among patients with influenza-like illness, 5833 clinical samples from nasopharyngeal swabs and aspirates collected between January 2012 and December 2013 were examined. HCoV was found in 46 (0.79 %) samples. There were 19 (0.32 %) HCoV-HKU1, 19 (0.32 %) HCoV-NL63, 5 (0.09 %) HCoV-229E, and 3 (0.05 %) HCoV-OC43. None of the sample tested positive for MERS-CoV. The majority (54 %) of the HCoV-positive patients were between the ages of 0 and 5 years. HCoV was detected throughout the 2-year period and generally peaked from May to October, which coincided with the rainy season. Phylogenetic trees based on the alignment of the spike (S) gene sequences suggest an emergence of a new clade for HCoV-229E. The data in this study provide an insight into the prevalence of the recent circulating HCoVs in the region.",2016,,SpringerPlus,5,1,1420,,10.1186/s40064-016-3101-9,27625974,#1448,Soonnarong 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +No evidence of MERS-CoV in Ghanaian Hajj pilgrims: cautious interpretation is needed.,Barasheed O.; Alfelali M.; Tashani M.; Azeem M.; Bokhary H.; El Bashir H.; Rashid H.; Booy R.,,2015,Aug,Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH,20,8,1120-2,,10.1111/tmi.12513,25823826,#1477,Barasheed 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Shalhoub S.; Omrani AS.,,2016,Oct,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),355,,i5281,,10.1136/bmj.i5281,27733408,#1487,Shalhoub 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +A cohort-study of patients suspected for MERS-CoV in a referral hospital in Saudi Arabia.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Alfaraj SH.; Altuwaijri TA.; Memish ZA.,,2017,10,The Journal of infection,75,4,378-379,,10.1016/j.jinf.2017.06.002,28606432,#1493,Al-Tawfiq 2017,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-07-01 23:10:39)(Select): ""Letter to Editor"" wrong format!; ","" +A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Benkouiten S.; Memish ZA.,"The annual Hajj to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia attracts millions of pilgrims from around the world. International health community's attention goes towards this mass gathering and the possibility of the development of any respiratory tract infections due to the high risk of acquisition of respiratory viruses. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases for relevant papers describing the prevalence of respiratory viruses among Hajj pilgrims. The retrieved articles were summarized based on the methodology of testing for these viruses. A total of 31 studies were included in the quantitative/qualitative analyses. The main methods used for the diagnosis of most common respiratory viruses were polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Influenza, rhinovirus and parainfluenza were the most common viruses detected among pilgrims. Coronaviruses other than MERS-CoV were also detected among pilgrims. The acquisition of MERS-CoV remains very limited and systematic screening of pilgrims showed no infections. Well conducted multinational follow-up studies using the same methodology of testing are necessary for accurate surveillance of respiratory viral infections among Hajj pilgrims. Post-Hajj cohort studies would further evaluate the impact of the Hajj on the acquisition of respiratory viruses.",,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,23,,6-13,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.04.007,29673810,#1510,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +"Infectious diseases. MERS surges again, but pandemic jitters ease.",Kupferschmidt K.,,2015,Mar,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",347,6228,1296-7,,10.1126/science.347.6228.1296,25792306,#1521,Kupferschmidt 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 20:57:39)(Select): news - not peer reviewed?; ,"" +Differences in the seasonality of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and influenza in the Middle East.,He D.; Chiu AP.; Lin Q.; Cowling BJ.,,2015,Nov,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,40,,15-6,,10.1016/j.ijid.2015.09.012,26417877,#1548,He 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia.,Al-Tayib OA.,"Currently, there has been an increasing socioeconomic impact of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animals to humans worldwide. Recently, in the Arabian Peninsula, including in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological data indicated an actual increase in the number of emerging and/or reemerging cases of several viral zoonotic diseases. Data presented in this review are very relevant because Saudi Arabia is considered the largest country in the Peninsula. We believe that zoonotic pathogens in Saudi Arabia remain an important public health problem; however, more than 10 million Muslim pilgrims from around 184 Islamic countries arrive yearly at Makkah for the Hajj season and/or for the Umrah. Therefore, for health reasons, several countries recommend vaccinations for various zoonotic diseases among preventive protocols that should be complied with before traveling to Saudi Arabia. However, there is a shortage of epidemiological data focusing on the emerging and reemerging of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animal to humans in different densely populated cities and/or localities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, further efforts might be needed to control the increasing impacts of zoonotic viral disease. Also, there is a need for a high collaboration to enhance the detection and determination of the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and prevention as well as intervention and reduction in outbreaks of these diseases in Saudi Arabia, particularly those from other countries. Persons in the health field including physicians and veterinarians, pet owners, pet store owners, exporters, border guards, and people involved in businesses related to animal products have adopted various preventive strategies. Some of these measures might pave the way to highly successful prevention and control results on the different transmission routes of these viral zoonotic diseases from or to Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the prevention of these viral pathogens depends on socioeconomic impacts, available data, improved diagnosis, and highly effective therapeutics or prophylaxis.",2019,Feb,"Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)",8,1,,,10.3390/pathogens8010025,30813309,#1557,Al-Tayib 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Low public health risk of MERS-CoV in people returning from the Hajj.,Waldron G.; Doherty L.,,2015,Oct,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),351,,h5543,,10.1136/bmj.h5543,26489957,#1576,Waldron 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Children.,Das KM.; Lee EY.,,2016,Aug,Indian pediatrics,53,8,752,,,27567662,#1577,Das 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 07:51:14)(Select): correspondence; ,review +The interdependent complexity of disaster and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Lee W.,,2016,,Epidemiology and health,38,,e2016053,,10.4178/epih.e2016053,27899024,#1579,Lee 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:41:11)(Select): commentary; ,review +A case of long-term excretion and subclinical infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in a healthcare worker.,Al-Gethamy M.; Corman VM.; Hussain R.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Drosten C.; Memish ZA.,,2015,Mar,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,60,6,973-4,,10.1093/cid/ciu1135,25516193,#1581,Al-Gethamy 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,review +Viral Load Kinetics of MERS Coronavirus Infection.,Oh MD.; Park WB.; Choe PG.; Choi SJ.; Kim JI.; Chae J.; Park SS.; Kim EC.; Oh HS.; Kim EJ.; Nam EY.; Na SH.; Kim DK.; Lee SM.; Song KH.; Bang JH.; Kim ES.; Kim HB.; Park SW.; Kim NJ.,,2016,Sep,The New England journal of medicine,375,13,1303-5,,10.1056/NEJMc1511695,27682053,#1583,Oh 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-07-08 22:47:14)(Included): Letter to Editor; ,"" +"INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Amid panic, a chance to learn about MERS.",Kupferschmidt K.,,2015,Jun,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",348,6240,1183-4,,10.1126/science.348.6240.1183,26068815,#1585,Kupferschmidt 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 20:58:10)(Select): news - not peer reviewed?; ,"" +New episode of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus outbreak in Saudi Arabia: an emerging public health threat.,Khan AW.; Taylor-Robinson AW.; Nasim Z.; Zahir F.; Ali A.; Ali S.,,2017,Sep,Public health,150,,149-151,,10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.016,28802180,#1595,Khan 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:11:37)(Select): review; ,review; useful +Better Understanding on MERS Corona Virus Outbreak in Korea.,Lee J.,,2015,Jul,Journal of Korean medical science,30,7,835-6,,10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.835,26130942,#1600,Lee 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:35:46)(Select): editorial; ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Global Health Challenge.,Gostin LO.; Lucey D.,,2015,Aug,JAMA,314,8,771-2,,10.1001/jama.2015.7646,26084030,#1605,Gostin 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:01:05)(Select): opinion; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 20:33:06)(Select): perspectives article; ,review +[The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus].,Reina J.; Reina N.,,2015,Dec,Medicina clinica,145,12,529-31,,10.1016/j.medcli.2015.09.014,26589736,#1606,Reina 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes.,Forni D.; Cagliani R.; Clerici M.; Sironi M.,"Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are zoonotic pathogens that originated in wild animals. HCoVs have large genomes that encode a fixed array of structural and nonstructural components, as well as a variety of accessory proteins that differ in number and sequence even among closely related CoVs. Thus, in addition to recombination and mutation, HCoV genomes evolve through gene gains and losses. In this review we summarize recent findings on the molecular evolution of HCoV genomes, with special attention to recombination and adaptive events that generated new viral species and contributed to host shifts and to HCoV emergence. VIDEO ABSTRACT.",2017,01,Trends in microbiology,25,1,35-48,,10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.001,27743750,#1608,Forni 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,phylo +Transmission among healthcare worker contacts with a Middle East respiratory syndrome patient in a single Korean centre.,Kim T.; Jung J.; Kim SM.; Seo DW.; Lee YS.; Kim WY.; Lim KS.; Sung H.; Kim MN.; Chong YP.; Lee SO.; Choi SH.; Kim YS.; Woo JH.; Kim SH.,,2016,Feb,Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,22,2,e11-e13,,10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.007,26384679,#1609,Kim 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-07-17 00:03:02)(Select): Letter to the editor. remove.; Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 03:24:52)(Select): 10 people - contact study; ,"" +"[Epidemiological characteristics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015].",Xiang N.; Lin D.; An G.; Sui H.; Yang Z.; Li D.; Zhao J.; Ma T.; Wang Y.; Ren R.; Zhang X.; Ni D.; Zhang Y.; Li Q.,"To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2015 and provide related information for the public health professionals in China. The incidence data of MERS were collected from the websites of the Korean government, WHO and authoritative media in Korea for this epidemiological analysis. Between May 20 and July 13, 2015, a total of 186 confirmed MERS cases (1 index case, 29 secondary cases, 125 third generation cases, 25 fourth generation cases and 6 cases without clear generation data), including 36 deaths (case fatality rate: 19%), were reported in Korea. All cases were associated with nosocomial transmission except the index case and two possible family infections. Sixteen hospitals in 11 districts in 5 provinces/municipalities in Korea reported confirmed MERS cases, involving 39 medical professionals or staff. For the confirmed cases and death cases, the median ages were 55 years and 70 years respectively, and the cases and deaths in males accounted for 60% and 67% respectively. Up to 78% of the deaths were with underlying medical conditions. Besides the index case, other 12 patients were reported to cause secondary cases, in which 1 caused 84 infections. One imported MERS case from Korea was confirmed in China on May 29, no secondary cases occurred. The viruses strains isolated from the cases in Korea and the imported case in China show no significant variation compared with the strains isolated in the Middle East. The epidemiological pattern of the MERS outbreak in Korea was similar to MERS outbreaks occurred in the Middle East.",2015,Aug,Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi,36,8,836-41,,,26714539,#1614,Xiang 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-30 01:11:08)(Select): in chinese; ,"" +MERS-CoV: Where Are We Now?,Thomas C.,,2015,May,"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore",44,5,155-6,,,26198320,#1615,Thomas 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 20:12:28)(Select): editorial; ,review +Persistent Environmental Contamination and Prolonged Viral Shedding in MERS Patients During MERS-CoV Outbreak in South Korea.,Jeong HW.; Heo JY.; Kim HW.; Choi YK.; Song MS.; Bin Seo Y.; Lee J.,,2015,Dec,Open forum infectious diseases,2,Suppl 1,1978a,,10.1093/ofid/ofv130.11,27437430,#1617,Jeong 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:25:31)(Select): it looks like a conf abstract to me; ,"" +"The Middle East respiratory syndrome puzzle: A familiar virus, a familiar disease, but some assembly still required.",Mackay IM.; Arden KE.,,,,Journal of infection and public health,8,5,405-8,,10.1016/j.jiph.2015.07.001,26278813,#1618,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection.,Hui DS.,,2016,Sep,"Lancet (London, England)",388,10048,942-3,,10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30828-5,27402382,#1621,Hui 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +INFECTIOUS DISEASE. Camel vaccine offers hope to stop MERS.,Kupferschmidt K.,,2015,Dec,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",350,6267,1453,,10.1126/science.350.6267.1453,26680169,#1627,Kupferschmidt 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Risk factors for severity and mortality in patients with MERS-CoV: Analysis of publicly available data from Saudi Arabia.,Banik GR.; Alqahtani AS.; Booy R.; Rashid H.,,2016,Feb,Virologica Sinica,31,1,81-4,,10.1007/s12250-015-3679-z,26826080,#1637,Banik 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-21 21:50:22)(Select): risk factors are for mortality and severity -- not for transmission. therefore excluding; Amy Dighe (2019-10-17 07:18:26)(Select): unclear if peer reviewed?; ,"" +[The cutting-edge of Medicine; Will Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) become pandemic?].,Nakashima K.,,2016,Mar,Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine,105,3,547-52,,,27319208,#1638,Nakashima 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,review +"MERS, SARS, and Ebola: The Role of Super-Spreaders in Infectious Disease.",Wong G.; Liu W.; Liu Y.; Zhou B.; Bi Y.; Gao GF.,"Super-spreading occurs when a single patient infects a disproportionate number of contacts. The 2015 MERS-CoV, 2003 SARS-CoV, and to a lesser extent 2014-15 Ebola virus outbreaks were driven by super-spreaders. We summarize documented super-spreading in these outbreaks, explore contributing factors, and suggest studies to better understand super-spreading.",2015,Oct,Cell host & microbe,18,4,398-401,,10.1016/j.chom.2015.09.013,26468744,#1639,Wong 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +A more detailed picture of the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Kayali G.; Peiris M.,,2015,May,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,15,5,495-7,,10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70128-3,25863563,#1658,Kayali 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-07-09 21:44:38)(Included): Comment piece. Not original research.; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-01 03:06:51)(Select): seroprevalence in general pop; ,"" +Fact sheet on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (June 2015).,"",,2015,Jun,Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire,90,24,305-8,,,26072525,#1670,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +"An Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in South Korea, 2015.",Choi JY.,,2015,Sep,Yonsei medical journal,56,5,1174-6,,10.3349/ymj.2015.56.5.1174,26256957,#1671,Choi 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-22 19:10:55)(Select): editorial; ,review +"MERS epidemiological investigation to detect potential mode of transmission in the 178th MERS confirmed case in Pyeongtaek, Korea.",Chang K.; Ki M.; Lee EG.; Lee SY.; Yoo B.; Choi JH.,"Most cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) infection in Korea (outbreak: May 11-July 4, 2015) occurred in hospital settings, with uncertain transmission modes in some cases. We performed an in-depth investigation epidemiological survey on the 178th case to determine the precise mode of transmission. A 29- year-old man living in Pyeongtaek presented on June 16 with a febrile sensation, chills, and myalgia. Upon confirmatory diagnosis on June 23, he was treated in an isolation room and discharged on July 2 after cure. An epidemiological investigation of all possible infection routes indicated two likely modes of transmission: exposure to MERS in Pyeongtaek St. Mary's Hospital during a visit to his hospitalized father (May 18-29), and infection through frequent contact with his father between the latter's referral to Pyeongtaek Good Samaritan Bagae Hospital for treatment without confirmatory diagnosis until his death (May 29-June 6). Although lack of clear proof or evidence to the contrary does not allow a definitive conclusion, all other possibilities could be excluded by epidemiological inferences. While it is impossible to trace back the modes of transmission of all cases in a large-scale outbreak, case-by-case tracking and isolation of infected individuals and those in close contact with them is important in preventing the spread. Efforts should be made to establish a methodology for rapid tracking of all possible contacts and elimination-based identification of the precise modes of transmission.",2015,,Epidemiology and health,37,,e2015036,,10.4178/epih/e2015036,26493651,#1672,Chang 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Using HealthMap to Analyse Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data.,Hossain N.; Househ M.,"In this paper, a web-based disease surveillance platform known as HealthMap is used to retrieve and analyze data pertaining to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) within the geographical confinements of the Arab World and North African countries. An account was opened with HealthMap to gain access to data related to MERS for the time-period 9 September 2015 to 7 March 2015. HealthMap accumulates and assesses outbreak data from a range of sources, this includes news media (Google News (Arabic)), validated official alerts (WHO) and expert-curated accounts (ProMED). Search terms ""MERS"" and ""Coronavirus"" were used to search HealthMap for relevant alerts pertaining to MERS. The search terms were geographically limited to the Arab World and North African countries. Our results show that the prevalence of MERS still remains to be the highest in Saudi Arabia, however, between 9 September 2015 and 7 March 2015 there has been a slight overall trend in decreasing number of MERS related alerts within Saudi Arabia and the Arab world. All countries other than Saudi Arabia such as, UAE, Tunisia, Qatar, Oman, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt together amounted for only 25.6% (n=214) of total MERS alerts (n=837). Our findings show that the rise in the aggregated contribution of internet based participatory surveillance systems for tracking non-communicable diseases such as MERS has aided in improving the accuracy, sensitivity and timeliness for monitoring disease outbreaks. Use of resources such as HealthMap can aid in the timely assessment of risk factors, vaccination development initiatives, prevention strategies and measured allocation of healthcare resources while running at a low cost with greater flexibility and increased scalability compared to isolated diseases surveillance systems.",2016,,Studies in health technology and informatics,226,,213-6,,,27350507,#1673,Hossain 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:08:02)(Select): http://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/44201 can't access full text - no option for institutional log ins i think; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND +The first case of the 2015 Korean Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak.,Park YS.; Lee C.; Kim KM.; Kim SW.; Lee KJ.; Ahn J.; Ki M.,"This study reviewed problems in the prevention of outbreak and spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and aimed to provide assistance in establishing policies to prevent and manage future outbreaks of novel infectious diseases of foreign origin via in-depth epidemiological investigation of the patient who initiated the MERS outbreak in Korea, 2015. Personal and phone interviews were conducted with the patient and his guardians, and his activities in Saudi Arabia were investigated with the help of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. Clinical courses and test results were confirmed from the medical records. The patient visited 4 medical facilities and contacted 742 people between May 11, 2015, at symptom onset, and May 20, at admission to the National Medical Center; 28 people were infected and diagnosed with MERS thereafter. Valuable lessons learned included: (1) epidemiological knowledge on the MERS transmission pattern and medical knowledge on its clinical course; (2) improvement of epidemiological investigative methods via closed-circuit television, global positioning system tracking, and review of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service records; (3) problems revealed in the existing preventive techniques, including early determination of the various people contacted; (4) experiences with preventive methods used for the first time in Korea, including cohort quarantine; (5) reconsideration of the management systems for infectious disease outbreaks across the country, such as this case, at the levels of central government, local government, and the public; (6) reconsideration of hospital infectious disease management systems, culture involving patient visitation, and emergency room environments.",2015,,Epidemiology and health,37,,e2015049,,10.4178/epih/e2015049,26725226,#1674,Park 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 03:02:48)(Select): 1 case?; ,"" +Predicting the international spread of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).,Nah K.; Otsuki S.; Chowell G.; Nishiura H.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) associated coronavirus has been imported via travelers into multiple countries around the world. In order to support risk assessment practice, the present study aimed to devise a novel statistical model to quantify the country-level risk of experiencing an importation of MERS case. We analyzed the arrival time of each reported MERS importation around the world, i.e., the date on which imported cases entered a specific country, which was modeled as a dependent variable in our analysis. We also used openly accessible data including the airline transportation network to parameterize a hazard-based risk prediction model. The hazard was assumed to follow an inverse function of the effective distance (i.e., the minimum effective length of a path from origin to destination), which was calculated from the airline transportation data, from Saudi Arabia to each country. Both country-specific religion and the incidence data of MERS in Saudi Arabia were used to improve our model prediction. Our estimates of the risk of MERS importation appeared to be right skewed, which facilitated the visual identification of countries at highest risk of MERS importations in the right tail of the distribution. The simplest model that relied solely on the effective distance yielded the best predictive performance (Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.943) with 100 % sensitivity and 79.6 % specificity. Out of the 30 countries estimated to be at highest risk of MERS case importation, 17 countries (56.7 %) have already reported at least one importation of MERS. Although model fit measured by Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was improved by including country-specific religion (i.e. Muslim majority country), the predictive performance as measured by AUC was not improved after accounting for this covariate. Our relatively simple statistical model based on the effective distance derived from the airline transportation network data was found to help predicting the risk of importing MERS at the country level. The successful application of the effective distance model to predict MERS importations, particularly when computationally intensive large-scale transmission models may not be immediately applicable could have been benefited from the particularly low transmissibility of the MERS coronavirus.",2016,07,BMC infectious diseases,16,,356,,10.1186/s12879-016-1675-z,27449387,#1675,Nah 2016,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-14 02:14:17)(Select): they estimate relative risks, but not sure if useful; ","" +Macrolides in Critically Ill Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Arabi YM.; Deeb AM.; Al-Hameed F.; Mandourah Y.; Almekhlafi GA.; Sindi AA.; Al-Omari A.; Shalhoub S.; Mady A.; Alraddadi B.; Almotairi A.; Al Khatib K.; Abdulmomen A.; Qushmaq I.; Solaiman O.; Al-Aithan AM.; Al-Raddadi R.; Ragab A.; Al Harthy A.; Kharaba A.; Jose J.; Dabbagh T.; Fowler RA.; Balkhy HH.; Merson L.; Hayden FG.,"Macrolides have been reported to be associated with improved outcomes in patients with viral pneumonia related to influenza and other viruses, possibly because of their immune-modulatory effects. Macrolides have frequently been used in patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This study investigated the association of macrolides with 90-day mortality and MERS coronavirus (CoV) RNA clearance in critically ill patients with MERS. This retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort database included 14 tertiary-care hospitals in five cities in Saudi Arabia. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to determine the association of macrolide therapy with 90-day mortality, and the Cox-proportional hazard model to determine the association of macrolide therapy with MERS-CoV RNA clearance. Of 349 critically ill MERS patients, 136 (39%) received macrolide therapy. Azithromycin was most commonly used (97/136; 71.3%). Macrolide therapy was commonly started before the patient arrived in the intensive care unit (ICU) (63/136; 46.3%), or on day1 in ICU (53/136; 39%). On admission to ICU, the baseline characteristics of patients who received and did not receive macrolides were similar, including demographic data and sequential organ failure assessment score. However, patients who received macrolides were more likely to be admitted with community-acquired MERS (P=0.015). Macrolide therapy was not independently associated with a significant difference in 90-day mortality (adjusted OR: 0.84; 95% CI:0.47-1.51; P=0.56) or MERS-CoV RNA clearance (adjusted HR: 0.88; 95% CI:0.47-1.64; P=0.68). These findings indicate that macrolide therapy is not associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality or improvement in MERS-CoV RNA clearance.",2019,Jan,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,,,,,10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.041,30690213,#1676,Arabi 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-10-17 06:57:06)(Select): control arm useful or not?; ,intervention +"Human Coronavirus Infections in Israel: Epidemiology, Clinical Symptoms and Summer Seasonality of HCoV-HKU1.",Friedman N.; Alter H.; Hindiyeh M.; Mendelson E.; Shemer Avni Y.; Mandelboim M.,"Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause mild to severe respiratory diseases. Six types of HCoVs have been discovered, the most recent one termed the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The aim of this study is to monitor the circulation of HCoV types in the population during 2015⁻2016 in Israel. HCoVs were detected by real-time PCR analysis in 1910 respiratory samples, collected from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients during the winter sentinel influenza survey across Israel. Moreover, 195 HCoV-positive samples from hospitalized patients were detected during one year at Soroka University Medical Center. While no MERS-CoV infections were detected, 10.36% of patients in the survey were infected with HCoV-OC43 (43.43%), HCoV-NL63 (44.95%), and HCoV-229E (11.62%) viruses. The HCoVs were shown to co-circulate with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to appear prior to influenza virus infections. HCoV clinical symptoms were more severe than those of RSV infections but milder than influenza symptoms. Hospitalized patients had similar HCoV types percentages. However, while it was absent from the public winter survey, 22.6% of the patients were HCoV-HKU1 positives, mainly during the spring-summer period.",2018,09,Viruses,10,10,,,10.3390/v10100515,30241410,#1686,Friedman 2018,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; ","" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Shishido AA.; Letizia A.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged in the Arabian Peninsula in 2012, and subsequently spread to other countries in Europe and Asia, and to the United States. As of August 2015, the disease has infected 1,400 patients, of whom 500 have died, yielding a 36% mortality rate. The exact mode of transmission is unknown and there are no proven treatments. While the overall case rate for MERS has been low, its presence in countries that house US troops, unknown mode of transmission, and high mortality rate make it a significant health concern among US military personnel.",2015,,Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals,15,4,99-101,,,26630103,#1691,Shishido 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-30 01:31:16)(Select): paywall https://www.jsomonline.org/jsomstorefront/index.php?rt=product/product&product_id=286&language=en; ,FULL TEXT PAYWALL; on list for library +Elucidating Transmission Patterns From Internet Reports: Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome as Case Studies.,Chowell G.; Cleaton JM.; Viboud C.,"The paucity of traditional epidemiological data during epidemic emergencies calls for alternative data streams to characterize the key features of an outbreak, including the nature of risky exposures, the reproduction number, and transmission heterogeneities. We illustrate the potential of Internet data streams to improve preparedness and response in outbreak situations by drawing from recent work on the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. We show that Internet reports providing detailed accounts of epidemiological clusters are particularly useful to characterize time trends in the reproduction number. Moreover, exposure patterns based on Internet reports align with those derived from epidemiological surveillance data on MERS and Ebola, underscoring the importance of disease amplification in hospitals and during funeral rituals (associated with Ebola), prior to the implementation of control interventions. Finally, we discuss future developments needed to generalize Internet-based approaches to study transmission dynamics.",2016,12,The Journal of infectious diseases,214,suppl_4,S421-S426,,10.1093/infdis/jiw356,28830110,#1697,Chowell 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Janetta Skarp (2019-10-24 22:14:12)(Select): estimate R ; ,review +"Underlying trend, seasonality, prediction, forecasting and the contribution of risk factors: an analysis of globally reported cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - CORRIGENDUM.",Da'ar OB.; Ahmed AE.,,2018,Oct,Epidemiology and infection,146,14,1878,,10.1017/S0950268818001905,29945686,#1698,Da'ar 2018,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-07-25 02:28:25)(Select): hang on to for now to check we have the paper which the correction is refering to?; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 22:24:32)(Select): this is not the main article but a correction; ,missed duplicate +Combating the spread of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Indian perspective.,Mishra B.,,,,Indian journal of medical microbiology,34,2,135-6,,10.4103/0255-0857.176851,27080761,#1706,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Imported cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome: an update.,Sridhar S.; Brouqui P.; Parola P.; Gautret P.,,,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,13,1,106-9,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.11.006,25477148,#1755,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 20:11:18)(Select): correspondance; ,"" +"Sex matters - a preliminary analysis of Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Republic of Korea, 2015.",Jansen A.; Chiew M.; Konings F.; Lee CK.; Ailan L.; .,,,,Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR,6,3,68-71,,10.5365/WPSAR.2015.6.3.002,26668769,#1758,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Understanding and Modeling the Super-spreading Events of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in Korea.,Chun BC.,,2016,Jun,Infection & chemotherapy,48,2,147-9,,10.3947/ic.2016.48.2.147,27433389,#1770,Chun 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-22 19:21:54)(Select): editorial; ,model +Infections in symptomatic travelers returning from the Arabian peninsula to France: A retrospective cross-sectional study.,Griffiths K.; Charrel R.; Lagier JC.; Nougairede A.; Simon F.; Parola P.; Brouqui P.; Gautret P.,,,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,14,4,414-6,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.002,27185404,#1793,,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 20:34:04)(Select): letter to editor, not peer reviewed; ","" +Estimating the distance to an epidemic threshold.,O'Dea EB.; Park AW.; Drake JM.,"The epidemic threshold of the susceptible-infected-recovered model is a boundary separating parameters that permit epidemics from those that do not. This threshold corresponds to parameters where the system's equilibrium becomes unstable. Consequently, we use the average rate at which deviations from the equilibrium shrink to define a distance to this threshold. However, the vital dynamics of the host population may occur slowly even when transmission is far from threshold levels. Here, we show analytically how such slow dynamics can prevent estimation of the distance to the threshold from fluctuations in the susceptible population. Although these results are exact only in the limit of long-term observation of a large system, simulations show that they still provide useful insight into systems with a range of population sizes, environmental noise and observation schemes. Having established some guidelines about when estimates are accurate, we then illustrate how multiple distance estimates can be used to estimate the rate of approach to the threshold. The estimation approach is general and may be applicable to zoonotic pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as well as vaccine-preventable diseases like measles.",2018,Jun,"Journal of the Royal Society, Interface",15,143,,,10.1098/rsif.2018.0034,29950512,#1806,O'Dea 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-06 03:46:23)(Select): not really applied to MERS here so excluding; ,"" +"Lessons learned from new emerging infectious disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus outbreak in Korea.",Kim JS.,,2015,,Epidemiology and health,37,,e2015051,,10.4178/epih/e2015051,26725227,#1816,Kim 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Online estimation of the case fatality rate using a run-off triangle data approach: An application to the Korean MERS outbreak in 2015.,Lee S.; Lim J.,"This work is motivated by the recent Korean Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak. We propose an easy online estimation procedure for the case fatality rate, ie, the proportion of deaths among the total cases during the course of an epidemic disease, which is an important indicator of the severity of a disease. The key step in our procedure is representing the data with the run-off triangle, which simultaneously takes into account two time axes, namely, the calendar and disease-duration times. We restructure the original data into run-off triangle data, where the cells contain the numbers of cured patients, deceased patients, and patients still having the disease at a given combination of calendar and disease-duration times. Based on the restructured run-off triangle data, we propose an online estimator of the case fatality rate. We numerically show the advantages of the proposed estimator compared to the existing estimators in the literature. Finally, we apply our procedure to the 2015 Korean Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak data.",2019,Mar,Statistics in medicine,,,,,10.1002/sim.8125,30835857,#1819,Lee 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:42:00)(Select): methods paper; ,"" +Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection.,Corman VM.; Albarrak AM.; Omrani AS.; Albarrak MM.; Farah ME.; Almasri M.; Muth D.; Sieberg A.; Meyer B.; Assiri AM.; Binger T.; Steinhagen K.; Lattwein E.; Al-Tawfiq J.; Müller MA.; Drosten C.; Memish ZA.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus causes isolated cases and outbreaks of severe respiratory disease. Essential features of the natural history of disease are poorly understood. We studied 37 adult patients infected with MERS coronavirus for viral load in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (LRT and URT, respectively), blood, stool, and urine. Antibodies and serum neutralizing activities were determined over the course of disease. One hundred ninety-nine LRT samples collected during the 3 weeks following diagnosis yielded virus RNA in 93% of tests. Average (maximum) viral loads were 5 × 10(6) (6 × 10(10)) copies/mL. Viral loads (positive detection frequencies) in 84 URT samples were 1.9 × 10(4) copies/mL (47.6%). Thirty-three percent of all 108 serum samples tested yielded viral RNA. Only 14.6% of stool and 2.4% of urine samples yielded viral RNA. All seroconversions occurred during the first 2 weeks after diagnosis, which corresponds to the second and third week after symptom onset. Immunoglobulin M detection provided no advantage in sensitivity over immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection. All surviving patients, but only slightly more than half of all fatal cases, produced IgG and neutralizing antibodies. The levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were weakly and inversely correlated with LRT viral loads. Presence of antibodies did not lead to the elimination of virus from LRT. The timing and intensity of respiratory viral shedding in patients with MERS closely matches that of those with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Blood viral RNA does not seem to be infectious. Extrapulmonary loci of virus replication seem possible. Neutralizing antibodies do not suffice to clear the infection.",2016,Feb,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,62,4,477-483,,10.1093/cid/civ951,26565003,#1824,Corman 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-22 19:35:10)(Select): immunology; ,review +A New Measure for Assessing the Public Health Response to a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak.,Cho SI.,"Contact monitoring is an essential component of the public health response to a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, and is required for an effective quarantine to contain the epidemic. The timeliness of a quarantine is associated with its effectiveness. This paper provides a conceptual framework to describe the process of contact monitoring, and proposes a new measure called the ""timely quarantined proportion"" as a tool to assess the adequacy of a public health response.",2015,Nov,Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi,48,6,277-9,,10.3961/jpmph.15.069,26639741,#1827,Cho 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,mention intervention cost +Middle East respiratory syndrome: A new global threat.,Bhatia PK.; Sethi P.; Gupta N.; Biyani G.,"The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is reported from Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Korea. It is a respiratory disease caused by coronavirus. Camels are considered as a source for MERS transmission in humans, although the exact source is unknown. Human-to-human transmission is reported in the community with droplet and contact spread being the possible modes. Most patients without any underlying diseases remain asymptomatic or develop mild clinical disease, but some patients require critical care for mechanical ventilation, dialysis and other organ support. MERS is a disease with pandemic potential and awareness, and surveillance can prevent such further outbreaks.",2016,Feb,Indian journal of anaesthesia,60,2,85-8,,10.4103/0019-5049.176286,27013745,#1833,Bhatia 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.,Al-Dorzi HM.; Alsolamy S.; Arabi YM.,This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency medicine 2016. Other selected articles can be found online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2016. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.,2016,Mar,"Critical care (London, England)",20,,65,,10.1186/s13054-016-1234-4,26984370,#1835,Al-Dorzi 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-09-26 01:14:44)(Select): REVIEW only reports case fatality - no other relevant parameters; ,review +"Presence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide, cross-sectional, serological study.",Müller MA.; Meyer B.; Corman VM.; Al-Masri M.; Turkestani A.; Ritz D.; Sieberg A.; Aldabbagh S.; Bosch BJ.; Lattwein E.; Alhakeem RF.; Assiri AM.; Albarrak AM.; Al-Shangiti AM.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Wikramaratna P.; Alrabeeah AA.; Drosten C.; Memish ZA.,"Scientific evidence suggests that dromedary camels are the intermediary host for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). However, the actual number of infections in people who have had contact with camels is unknown and most index patients cannot recall any such contact. We aimed to do a nationwide serosurvey in Saudi Arabia to establish the prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies, both in the general population and in populations of individuals who have maximum exposure to camels. In the cross-sectional serosurvey, we tested human serum samples obtained from healthy individuals older than 15 years who attended primary health-care centres or participated in a national burden-of-disease study in all 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, we tested serum samples from shepherds and abattoir workers with occupational exposure to camels. Samples were screened by recombinant ELISA and MERS-CoV seropositivity was confirmed by recombinant immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralisation tests. We used two-tailed Mann Whitney U exact tests, χ(2), and Fisher's exact tests to analyse the data. Between Dec 1, 2012, and Dec 1, 2013, we obtained individual serum samples from 10,009 individuals. Anti-MERS-CoV antibodies were confirmed in 15 (0·15%; 95% CI 0·09-0·24) of 10,009 people in six of the 13 provinces. The mean age of seropositive individuals was significantly younger than that of patients with reported, laboratory-confirmed, primary Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (43·5 years [SD 17·3] vs 53·8 years [17·5]; p=0·008). Men had a higher antibody prevalence than did women (11 [0·25%] of 4341 vs two [0·05%] of 4378; p=0·028) and antibody prevalence was significantly higher in central versus coastal provinces (14 [0·26%] of 5479 vs one [0·02%] of 4529; p=0·003). Compared with the general population, seroprevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies was significantly increased by 15 times in shepherds (two [2·3%] of 87, p=0·0004) and by 23 times in slaughterhouse workers (five [3·6%] of 140; p<0·0001). Seroprevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies was significantly higher in camel-exposed individuals than in the general population. By simple multiplication, a projected 44,951 (95% CI 26,971-71,922) individuals older than 15 years might be seropositive for MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia. These individuals might be the source of infection for patients with confirmed MERS who had no previous exposure to camels. European Union, German Centre for Infection Research, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Research Council, and Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia.",2015,May,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,15,5,559-64,,10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70090-3,25863564,#1847,Müller 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-11 20:24:30)(Select): duplicate to #11230; ,"" +"Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS-endemic Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012-2013.",Fagbo SF.; Garbati MA.; Hasan R.; AlShahrani D.; Al-Shehri M.; AlFawaz T.; Hakawi A.; Wani TA.; Skakni L.,"The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia has intensified focus on Acute Respiratory Infections [ARIs]. This study sought to identify respiratory viruses (RVs) associated with ARIs in children presenting at a tertiary hospital. Children (aged ≤13) presenting with ARI between January 2012 and December 2013 tested for 15 RVs using the SeeplexR RV15 kit were retrospectively included. Epidemiological data was retrieved from patient records. Of the 2235 children tested, 61.5% were ≤1 year with a male: female ratio of 3:2. Viruses were detected in 1364 (61.02%) children, 233 (10.4%) having dual infections: these viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (24%), human rhinovirus (hRV) (19.7%), adenovirus (5.7%), influenza virus (5.3%), and parainfluenzavirus-3 (4.6%). Children, aged 9-11 months, were most infected (60.9%). Lower respiratory tract infections (55.4%) were significantly more than upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) (P < 0.001). Seasonal variation of RV was directly and inversely proportional to relative humidity and temperature, respectively, for non MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, and OC43). The study confirms community-acquired RV associated with ARI in children and suggests modulating roles for abiotic factors in RV epidemiology. However, community-based studies are needed to elucidate how these factors locally influence RV epidemiology. J. Med. Virol. 89:195-201, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",2017,02,Journal of medical virology,89,2,195-201,,10.1002/jmv.24632,27430485,#1851,Fagbo 2017,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; ","" +Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: A systematic review.,Gautret P.; Benkouiten S.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are the most common infections transmitted between Hajj pilgrims. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of virus carriage potentially responsible for RTI among pilgrims before and after participating in the Hajj. A systematic search for relevant literature was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. 31 studies were identified. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS) were never isolated in Hajj pilgrims. The viruses most commonly isolated from symptomatic patients during the Hajj by PCR were rhinovirus (5.9-48.8% prevalence), followed by influenza virus (4.5-13.9%) and non-MERS coronaviruses (2.7-13.2%) with most infections due to coronavirus 229E; other viruses were less frequently isolated. Several viruses including influenza A, rhinovirus, and non-MERS coronaviruses had low carriage rates among arriving pilgrims and a statistically significant increase in their carriage rate was observed, following participation in the Hajj. Further research is needed to assess the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of respiratory symptoms and their potential role in the severity of the symptoms.",,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,14,2,92-109,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.12.008,26781223,#1862,,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 20:05:06)(Select): reports negative seroprevalence for MERS from other studies; ,review +"Surveillance and public health response for travelers returning from MERS-CoV affected countries to Gyeonggi Province, Korea, 2016-2017.",Ryu S.; Kim JJ.; Cowling BJ.; Kim C.,,2018,Nov,Travel medicine and infectious disease,,,,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.11.006,30419356,#1865,Ryu 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-14 03:56:59)(Select): 0% prevalence; ,"" +"From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight.",Song Z.; Xu Y.; Bao L.; Zhang L.; Yu P.; Qu Y.; Zhu H.; Zhao W.; Han Y.; Qin C.,"Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier, caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. This brought CoVs global attention and highlighted the importance of controlling infectious pathogens at international borders. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as provides details on the pivotal structure and function of the spike proteins (S proteins) on the surface of each of these viruses. For building up more suitable animal models, we compare the current animal models recapitulating pathogenesis and summarize the potential role of host receptors contributing to diverse host affinity in various species. We outline the research still needed to fully elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these viruses, to construct reproducible animal models, and ultimately develop countermeasures to conquer not only SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but also these emerging coronaviral diseases.",2019,Jan,Viruses,11,1,,,10.3390/v11010059,30646565,#1866,Song 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Clinical determinants of the severity of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Matsuyama R.; Nishiura H.; Kutsuna S.; Hayakawa K.; Ohmagari N.,"While the risk of severe complications of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and its determinants have been explored in previous studies, a systematic analysis of published articles with different designs and populations has yet to be conducted. The present study aimed to systematically review the risk of death associated with MERS as well as risk factors for associated complications. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical and epidemiological studies on confirmed cases of MERS. Eligible articles reported clinical outcomes, especially severe complications or death associated with MERS. Risks of admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation and death were estimated. Subsequently, potential associations between MERS-associated death and age, sex, underlying medical conditions and study design were explored. A total of 25 eligible articles were identified. The case fatality risk ranged from 14.5 to 100%, with the pooled estimate at 39.1%. The risks of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation ranged from 44.4 to 100% and from 25.0 to 100%, with pooled estimates at 78.2 and 73.0%, respectively. These risks showed a substantial heterogeneity among the identified studies, and appeared to be the highest in case studies focusing on ICU cases. We identified older age, male sex and underlying medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, renal disease, respiratory disease, heart disease and hypertension, as clinical predictors of death associated with MERS. In ICU case studies, the expected odds ratios (OR) of death among patients with underlying heart disease or renal disease to patients without such comorbidities were 0.6 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.1, 4.3) and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.0, 2.1), respectively, while the ORs were 3.8 (95% CI: 3.4, 4.2) and 2.4 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.9), respectively, in studies with other types of designs. The heterogeneity for the risk of death and severe manifestations was substantially high among the studies, and varying study designs was one of the underlying reasons for this heterogeneity. A statistical estimation of the risk of MERS death and identification of risk factors must be conducted, particularly considering the study design and potential biases associated with case detection and diagnosis.",2016,11,BMC public health,16,1,1203,,10.1186/s12889-016-3881-4,27899100,#1867,Matsuyama 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-01 21:54:12)(Select): review; ,review +"Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses.",Su S.; Wong G.; Shi W.; Liu J.; Lai ACK.; Zhou J.; Liu W.; Bi Y.; Gao GF.,"Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were first described in the 1960s for patients with the common cold. Since then, more HCoVs have been discovered, including those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), two pathogens that, upon infection, can cause fatal respiratory disease in humans. It was recently discovered that dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia harbor three different HCoV species, including a dominant MERS HCoV lineage that was responsible for the outbreaks in the Middle East and South Korea during 2015. In this review we aim to compare and contrast the different HCoVs with regard to epidemiology and pathogenesis, in addition to the virus evolution and recombination events which have, on occasion, resulted in outbreaks amongst humans.",2016,06,Trends in microbiology,24,6,490-502,,10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.003,27012512,#1868,Su 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +Clinical outcomes of current medical approaches for Middle East respiratory syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,Morra ME.; Van Thanh L.; Kamel MG.; Ghazy AA.; Altibi AMA.; Dat LM.; Thy TNX.; Vuong NL.; Mostafa MR.; Ahmed SI.; Elabd SS.; Fathima S.; Le Huy Vu T.; Omrani AS.; Memish ZA.; Hirayama K.; Huy NT.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by MERS coronavirus. Because of lack of vaccination, various studies investigated the therapeutic efficacy of antiviral drugs and supportive remedies. A systematic literature search from 10 databases was conducted and screened for relevant articles. Studies reporting information about the treatment of MERS coronavirus infection were extracted and analyzed. Despite receiving treatment with ribavirin plus IFN, the case fatality rate was as high as 71% in the IFN-treatment group and exactly the same in patients who received supportive treatment only. Having chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension increased the risk of mortality (P < .05), and chronic renal disease is the best parameter to predict the mortality. The mean of survival days from onset of illness to death was 46.6 (95% CI, 30.5-62.6) for the IFN group compared with 18.8 (95% CI, 10.3-27.4) for the supportive-only group (P = .001). Delay in starting treatment, older age group, and preexisting comorbidities are associated with worse outcomes. In conclusion, there is no difference between IFN treatment and supportive treatment for MERS patients in terms of mortality. However, ribavirin and IFN combination might have efficacious effects with timely administration and monitoring of adverse events. Large-scale prospective randomized studies are required to assess the role of antiviral drugs for the treatment of this high mortality infection.",2018,05,Reviews in medical virology,28,3,e1977,,10.1002/rmv.1977,29664167,#1871,Morra 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,Treatment; review +Building predictive models for MERS-CoV infections using data mining techniques.,Al-Turaiki I.; Alshahrani M.; Almutairi T.,"Recently, the outbreak of MERS-CoV infections caused worldwide attention to Saudi Arabia. The novel virus belongs to the coronaviruses family, which is responsible for causing mild to moderate colds. The control and command center of Saudi Ministry of Health issues a daily report on MERS-CoV infection cases. The infection with MERS-CoV can lead to fatal complications, however little information is known about this novel virus. In this paper, we apply two data mining techniques in order to better understand the stability and the possibility of recovery from MERS-CoV infections. The Naive Bayes classifier and J48 decision tree algorithm were used to build our models. The dataset used consists of 1082 records of cases reported between 2013 and 2015. In order to build our prediction models, we split the dataset into two groups. The first group combined recovery and death records. A new attribute was created to indicate the record type, such that the dataset can be used to predict the recovery from MERS-CoV. The second group contained the new case records to be used to predict the stability of the infection based on the current status attribute. The resulting recovery models indicate that healthcare workers are more likely to survive. This could be due to the vaccinations that healthcare workers are required to get on regular basis. As for the stability models using J48, two attributes were found to be important for predicting stability: symptomatic and age. Old patients are at high risk of developing MERS-CoV complications. Finally, the performance of all the models was evaluated using three measures: accuracy, precision, and recall. In general, the accuracy of the models is between 53.6% and 71.58%. We believe that the performance of the prediction models can be enhanced with the use of more patient data. As future work, we plan to directly contact hospitals in Riyadh in order to collect more information related to patients with MERS-CoV infections.",,,Journal of infection and public health,9,6,744-748,,10.1016/j.jiph.2016.09.007,27641481,#1875,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in Iran, 2014.",Yavarian J.; Rezaei F.; Shadab A.; Soroush M.; Gooya MM.; Azad TM.,"During January 2013-August 2014, a total of 1,800 patients in Iran who had respiratory illness were tested for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. A cluster of 5 cases occurred in Kerman Province during May-July 2014, but virus transmission routes for some infections were unclear.",2015,Feb,Emerging infectious diseases,21,2,362-4,,10.3201/eid2102.141405,25626079,#1878,Yavarian 2015,"Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-01 22:42:20)(Select): only 5 cases +; ","" +MERS coronavirus outbreak: Implications for emerging viral infections.,Al-Omari A.; Rabaan AA.; Salih S.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"In September 2012, a novel coronavirus was isolated from a patient who died in Saudi Arabia after presenting with acute respiratory distress and acute kidney injury. Analysis revealed the disease to be due to a novel virus which was named Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). There have been several MERS-CoV hospital outbreaks in KSA, continuing to the present day, and the disease has a mortality rate in excess of 35%. Since 2012, the World Health Organization has been informed of 2220 laboratory-confirmed cases resulting in at least 790 deaths. Cases have since arisen in 27 countries, including an outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2015 in which 36 people died, but more than 80% of cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia.. Human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV, particularly in healthcare settings, initially caused a 'media panic', however human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact and thus far the virus has not achieved epidemic potential. Zoonotic transmission is of significant importance and evidence is growing implicating the dromedary camel as the major animal host in spread of disease to humans. MERS-CoV is now included on the WHO list of priority blueprint diseases for which there which is an urgent need for accelerated research and development as they have the potential to cause a public health emergency while there is an absence of efficacious drugs and/or vaccines. In this review we highlight epidemiological, clinical, and infection control aspects of MERS-CoV as informed by the Saudi experience. Attention is given to recommended treatments and progress towards vaccine development.",2019,Mar,Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease,93,3,265-285,,10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.011,30413355,#1880,Al-Omari 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Coronaviruses: emerging and re-emerging pathogens in humans and animals.,Lau SK.; Chan JF.,"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and recently emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemics have proven the ability of coronaviruses to cross species barrier and emerge rapidly in humans. Other coronaviruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are also known to cause major disease epidemics in animals with huge economic loss. This special issue in Virology Journal aims to highlight the advances and key discoveries in the animal origin, viral evolution, epidemiology, diagnostics and pathogenesis of the emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in both humans and animals.",2015,Dec,Virology journal,12,,209,,10.1186/s12985-015-0432-z,26690088,#1884,Lau 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:38:51)(Select): editorial; ,review +MERS-CoV at the Animal-Human Interface: Inputs on Exposure Pathways from an Expert-Opinion Elicitation.,Funk AL.; Goutard FL.; Miguel E.; Bourgarel M.; Chevalier V.; Faye B.; Peiris JS.; Van Kerkhove MD.; Roger FL.,"Nearly 4 years after the first report of the emergence of Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and nearly 1800 human cases later, the ecology of MERS-CoV, its epidemiology, and more than risk factors of MERS-CoV transmission between camels are poorly understood. Knowledge about the pathways and mechanisms of transmission from animals to humans is limited; as of yet, transmission risks have not been quantified. Moreover the divergent sanitary situations and exposures to animals among populations in the Arabian Peninsula, where human primary cases appear to dominate, vs. other regions in the Middle East and Africa, with no reported human clinical cases and where the virus has been detected only in dromedaries, represents huge scientific and health challenges. Here, we have used expert-opinion elicitation in order to obtain ideas on relative importance of MERS-CoV risk factors and estimates of transmission risks from various types of contact between humans and dromedaries. Fourteen experts with diverse and extensive experience in MERS-CoV relevant fields were enrolled and completed an online questionnaire that examined pathways based on several scenarios, e.g., camels-camels, camels-human, bats/other species to camels/humans, and the role of diverse biological substances (milk, urine, etc.) and potential fomites. Experts believed that dromedary camels play the largest role in MERS-CoV infection of other dromedaries; however, they also indicated a significant influence of the season (i.e. calving or weaning periods) on transmission risk. All experts thought that MERS-CoV-infected dromedaries and asymptomatic humans play the most important role in infection of humans, with bats and other species presenting a possible, but yet undefined, risk. Direct and indirect contact of humans with dromedary camels were identified as the most risky types of contact, when compared to consumption of various camel products, with estimated ""most likely"" incidence risks of at least 22 and 13% for direct and indirect contact, respectively. The results of our study are consistent with available, yet very limited, published data regarding the potential pathways of transmission of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface. These results identify key knowledge gaps and highlight the need for more comprehensive, yet focused research to be conducted to better understand transmission between dromedaries and humans.",2016,,Frontiers in veterinary science,3,,88,,10.3389/fvets.2016.00088,27761437,#1886,Funk 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +How Do the First Days Count? A Case Study of Qatar Experience in Emergency Risk Communication during the MERS-CoV Outbreak.,Nour M.; Alhajri M.; Farag EABA.; Al-Romaihi HE.; Al-Thani M.; Al-Marri S.; Savoia E.,"This case study is the first to be developed in the Middle East region to document what happened during the response to the 2013 MERS outbreak in Qatar. It provides a description of key epidemiologic events and news released from a prime daily newspaper and main Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) actions that were undertaken by public health authorities. Using the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) theoretical framework, the study analyzes how the performed ERC strategies during the first days of the outbreak might have contributed to the outbreak management. MERS-CoV related events were chronologically tracked, together with the relevant stories that were published in a major newspaper over the course of three distinct phases of the epidemic. The collected media stories were then assessed against the practiced emergency risk communication (ERC) activities during the same time frame. The Crisis & Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework was partially followed during the early days of the MERS-CoV epidemic, which were characterized by overwhelming uncertainty. The SCH's commitment to a proactive and open risk communication strategy since day one, contributed to creating the SCH's image as a credible source of information and allowed for the quick initiation of the overall response efforts. Yet, conflicting messages and over reassurance were among the observed pitfalls of the implemented ERC strategy. The adoption of CERC principles can help restore and maintain the credibility of responding agencies. Further work is needed to develop more rigorous and comprehensive research strategies that address sharing of information by mainstream as well as social media for a more accurate assessment of the impact of the ERC strategy.",2017,12,International journal of environmental research and public health,14,12,,,10.3390/ijerph14121597,29257053,#1890,Nour 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Contact tracing the first Middle East respiratory syndrome case in the Philippines, February 2015.",Racelis S.; de los Reyes VC.; Sucaldito MN.; Deveraturda I.; Roca JB.; Tayag E.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus in which infected persons develop severe acute respiratory illness. A person can be infected through close contacts. This is an outbreak investigation report of the first confirmed MERS case in the Philippines and the subsequent contact tracing activities. Review of patient records and interviews with health-care personnel were done. Patient and close contacts were tested for MERS-coronavirus (CoV) by real time-polymerase chain reaction. Close contacts were identified and categorized. All traced contacts were monitored daily for appearance of illness for 14 days starting from the date of last known exposure to the confirmed case. A standard log sheet was used for symptom monitoring. The case was a 31-year-old female who was a health-care worker in Saudi Arabia. She had mild acute respiratory illness five days before travelling to the Philippines. On 1 February, she travelled with her husband to the Philippines while she had a fever. On 2 February, she attended a health facility in the Philippines. On 8 February, respiratory samples were tested for MERS-CoV and yielded positive results. A total of 449 close contacts were identified, and 297 (66%) were traced. Of those traced, 15 developed respiratory symptoms. All of them tested negative for MERS. In this outbreak investigation, the participation of health-care personnel in conducting vigorous contact tracing may have reduced the risk of transmission. However, being overly cautious to include more contacts for the outbreak response should be further reconsidered.",,,Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR,6,3,3-7,,10.5365/WPSAR.2015.6.2.012,26668760,#1893,,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 20:17:21)(Select): all negative tests to MERS-CoV; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome: knowledge to date.,Alsolamy S.,"To provide a conceptual and clinical review of Middle East respiratory syndrome. Peer-reviewed articles were identified through searches of PubMed using the terms ""Middle East respiratory syndrome,"" ""coronavirus respiratory illness in Saudi Arabia,"" and ""novel (beta) coronavirus and human coronavirus Erasmus Medical Center"". In addition, articles were searched on the websites of the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the terms ""Middle East respiratory syndrome"" and ""novel coronavirus in Middle East."" The reference lists of these articles and relevant review articles were also reviewed. Final references were selected for inclusion in the review on the basis of their relevance. The emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes severe pulmonary disease with multiorgan involvement and a high fatality rate. Within months after its emergence, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was reported in several countries worldwide in people who had traveled from the Middle East. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus is considered a zoonotic virus that has crossed the species barrier to humans, but the pathogenesis and the routes of transmission are not completely understood. There is currently no recommended treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, although supportive treatment has played an important role. This syndrome has raised global public health concerns about the dissemination of an emerging infectious disease and highlights the need for a coordinated global response to contain such a disease threat.",2015,Jun,Critical care medicine,43,6,1283-90,,10.1097/CCM.0000000000000966,25785521,#1894,Alsolamy 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +Emerging respiratory tract viral infections.,Hui DS.; Zumla A.,"This article reviews the clinical and treatment aspects of avian influenza viruses and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) viruses have continued to circulate widely in some poultry populations and infect humans sporadically. Sporadic human cases of avian A(H5N6), A(H10N8) and A(H6N1) have also emerged. Closure of live poultry markets in China has reduced the risk of A(H7N9) infection. Observational studies have shown that oseltamivir treatment for adults hospitalized with severe influenza is associated with lower mortality and better clinical outcomes, even as late as 4-5 days after symptom onset. Whether higher than standard doses of neuraminidase inhibitor would provide greater antiviral effects in such patients requires further investigation. High-dose systemic corticosteroids were associated with worse outcomes in patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 or A(H5N1). MERS-CoV has continued to spread since its first discovery in 2012. The mortality rates are high in those with comorbid diseases. There is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available. The exact mode of transmission from animals to humans remains unknown. There is an urgent need for developing more effective antiviral therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality of these emerging viral respiratory tract infections.",2015,May,Current opinion in pulmonary medicine,21,3,284-92,,10.1097/MCP.0000000000000153,25764021,#1908,Hui 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Cross-sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS-CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012-2015.,Refaey S.; Amin MM.; Roguski K.; Azziz-Baumgartner E.; Uyeki TM.; Labib M.; Kandeel A.,"Approximately 80 000 Egyptians participate in Hajj pilgrimage annually. The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS-CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj. A cross-sectional survey among 3 364 returning Egyptian pilgrims from 2012 to 2015 was conducted. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from all participants. Sputum specimens were collected from participants with respiratory symptoms and productive cough at the time of their interview. Specimens were tested for influenza viruses, and a convenience sample of NP/OP specimens was tested for MERS-CoV. Thirty percent of participants met the case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI), 14% tested positive for influenza viruses, and none tested positive for MERS-CoV. Self-reported influenza vaccination was 20%. High prevalence of reported ILI during pilgrimage and confirmed influenza virus on return from pilgrimage suggest a continued need for influenza prevention strategies for Egyptian Hajj pilgrims. An evaluation of the Ministry of Health and Population's current risk communication campaigns to increase influenza vaccine use among pilgrims may help identify strategies to improve vaccine coverage.",2017,01,Influenza and other respiratory viruses,11,1,57-60,,10.1111/irv.12429,27603034,#1910,Refaey 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 20:22:40)(Select): no detection of MERS-CoV by PCR; ,"" +"MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia.",Yin Y.; Wunderink RG.,"Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been considered to be relatively harmless respiratory pathogens in the past. However, after the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HCoVs have received worldwide attention as important pathogens in respiratory tract infection. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics among SARS-coronaviruses (CoV), MERS-CoV and other HCoV infections.",2018,02,"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)",23,2,130-137,,10.1111/resp.13196,29052924,#1912,Yin 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"An Unexpected Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the Republic of Korea, 2015.", .; .,"This report includes a summary of a current outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus infection in the Republic of Korea as of June 23, 2015. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory investigations of this outbreak are ongoing.",2015,Jun,Infection & chemotherapy,47,2,120-2,,10.3947/ic.2015.47.2.120,26157591,#1924,,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-11 21:42:47)(Select): duplicate to #12024; ,"" +Serologic Evaluation of MERS Screening Strategy for Healthcare Personnel During a Hospital-Associated Outbreak.,Ko JH.; Lee JY.; Baek JY.; Seok H.; Park GE.; Lee JY.; Cho SY.; Ha YE.; Kang CI.; Kang JM.; Kim YJ.; Kang ES.; Kim SH.; Jo IJ.; Chung CR.; Hahn MJ.; Müller MA.; Drosten C.; Chung DR.; Song JH.; Peck KR.,"To evaluate the appropriateness of the screening strategy for healthcare personnel (HCP) during a hospital-associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak, we performed a serologic investigation in 189 rRT-PCR-negative HCP exposed and assigned to MERS patients. Although 20%-25% of HCP experienced MERS-like symptoms, none of them showed seroconversion by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:234-238.",2017,02,Infection control and hospital epidemiology,38,2,234-238,,10.1017/ice.2016.251,27841103,#1928,Ko 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 03:31:51)(Select): negative seroprev - not cross sectional but HCW - i.e. useful bc attack rate = 0 rather than useful as a serosurvey; ,"" +Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in a patient with Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus.,Al-Hameed FM.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) is a novel positive sense singlestranded ribonucleic acid virus of the genus Beta corona virus. This virus was first isolated from a patient who died from severe respiratory illness in June 2012 in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We describe an unusual case of a 42 year old healthcare worker who was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit (ICU)King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, with MERS-CoV and severe acute respiratory distress Syndrome and developed a sudden-onset diabetes insipidus and spontaneous massive intracranial hemorrhage with intra-ventricular extension and tonsillar herniation. Computed angiogram of the brain did not reveal any aneurysm or structural defects. She never had uncontrolled hypertension, or coagulopathy, nor she received antiplatelets. We are reporting a rare case of structural neurological damage associated with MERS-CoV infection.",2017,Feb,Saudi medical journal,38,2,196-200,,10.15537/smj.2017.2.16255,28133694,#1948,Al-Hameed 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Neurological Complications during Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Kim JE.; Heo JH.; Kim HO.; Song SH.; Park SS.; Park TH.; Ahn JY.; Kim MK.; Choi JP.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has a high mortality rate and pandemic potential. However, the neurological manifestations of MERS have rarely been reported since it first emerged in 2012. We evaluated four patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections who showed neurological complications during MERS treatment. These 4 patients were from a cohort of 23 patients who were treated at a single designated hospital during the 2015 outbreak in the Republic of Korea. The clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and prognoses are described. Four of the 23 admitted MERS patients reported neurological symptoms during or after MERS-CoV treatment. The potential diagnoses in these four cases included Bickerstaff's encephalitis overlapping with Guillain-Barré syndrome, intensive-care-unit-acquired weakness, or other toxic or infectious neuropathies. Neurological complications did not appear concomitantly with respiratory symptoms, instead being delayed by 2-3 weeks. Neuromuscular complications are not rare during MERS treatment, and they may have previously been underdiagnosed. Understanding the neurological manifestations is important in an infectious disease such as MERS, because these symptoms are rarely evaluated thoroughly during treatment, and they may interfere with the prognosis or require treatment modification.",2017,Jul,"Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)",13,3,227-233,,10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.227,28748673,#1950,Kim 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:21:52)(Select): 4 cases; ,"" +Critical contribution of laboratories to outbreak response support for middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Leitmeyer KC.,,2015,Feb,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,60,3,378-80,,10.1093/cid/ciu815,25323703,#1953,Leitmeyer 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:41:43)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Serologic responses of 42 MERS-coronavirus-infected patients according to the disease severity.,Ko JH.; Müller MA.; Seok H.; Park GE.; Lee JY.; Cho SY.; Ha YE.; Baek JY.; Kim SH.; Kang JM.; Kim YJ.; Jo IJ.; Chung CR.; Hahn MJ.; Drosten C.; Kang CI.; Chung DR.; Song JH.; Kang ES.; Peck KR.,"We evaluated serologic response of 42 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-infected patients according to 4 severity groups: asymptomatic infection (Group 0), symptomatic infection without pneumonia (Group 1), pneumonia without respiratory failure (Group 2), and pneumonia progressing to respiratory failure (Group 3). None of the Group 0 patients showed seroconversion, while the seroconversion rate gradually increased with increasing disease severity (0.0%, 60.0%, 93.8%, and 100% in Group 0, 1, 2, 3, respectively; P = 0.001). Group 3 patients showed delayed increment of antibody titers during the fourth week, while Group 2 patients showed robust increment of antibody titer during the third week. Among patients having pneumonia, 75% of deceased patients did not show seroconversion by the third week, while 100% of the survived patients were seroconverted (P = 0.003).",2017,Oct,Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease,89,2,106-111,,10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.07.006,28821364,#1954,Ko 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 03:34:27)(Select): serology limited to people known to be infected; ,"" +Lessons to learn from MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea.,Khan A.; Farooqui A.; Guan Y.; Kelvin DJ.,"Since the first identification of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 the virus has infected 1289 humans with approximately 40% mortalities. Currently South Korea is experiencing the hospital-associated outbreak of MER-CoV that has infected 126 human cases and 13 deaths, as of 12 June 2015, following the return of a MERS infected patient from Middle East. The episode is characterized unique being the largest cluster of patients linked to the single introduction of virus that involves three generations of virus transmission. Human-to-human transmission though was observed on several occasions in past, it is documented as non-sustainable event. The recent outbreak including the healthcare workers, index case's roommates and their caregivers, raises several concerns about the infection control practices and timely diagnosis of MERS.",2015,Jul,Journal of infection in developing countries,9,6,543-6,,10.3855/jidc.7278,26142661,#1960,Khan 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:09:54)(Select): reports data from a WHO report - kind of review; ,"" +Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Causes High Fatality After Cardiac Operations.,Nazer RI.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) resembles a severe form of community-acquired pneumonia initially reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The MERS-CoV epidemic poses a big challenge because of its high mortality. In January 2015, a patient who was potentially incubating MERS-CoV arrived from the emergency department of another hospital and was admitted with acute coronary syndrome. This resulted in an outbreak in the cardiac surgery ward that caused the deaths of 5 of 6 patients who had undergone cardiac operations.",2017,Aug,The Annals of thoracic surgery,104,2,e127-e129,,10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.072,28734432,#1967,Nazer 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 19:58:40)(Select): 6 cases?; ,"" +"Notes from the Field: Nosocomial Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital--Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2015.",Balkhy HH.; Alenazi TH.; Alshamrani MM.; Baffoe-Bonnie H.; Al-Abdely HM.; El-Saed A.; Al Arbash HA.; Al Mayahi ZK.; Assiri AM.; Bin Saeed A.,"Since the first diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012, sporadic cases and clusters have occurred throughout the country (1). During June-August, 2015, a large MERS outbreak occurred at King Abulaziz Medical City, a 1,200-bed tertiary-care hospital that includes a 150-bed emergency department that registers 250,000 visits per year.",2016,Feb,MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,65,6,163-4,,10.15585/mmwr.mm6506a5,26890816,#1969,Balkhy 2016,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-06-29 03:33:20)(Select): this study is a duplicate - reject this one, keep its duplicate +#13164 - Balkhy 2016; ",missed duplicate +Nosocomial infection control in healthcare settings: Protection against emerging infectious diseases.,Fu C.; Wang S.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea in 2015 may be attributable to poor nosocomial infection control procedures implemented. Strict infection control measures were taken in the hospital where an imported case with MERS was treated in southern China and 53 health care workers were confirmed to be MERS-CoV negative. Infection control in healthcare settings, in which patients with emerging infectious diseases such as MERS, Ebola virus disease, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are diagnosed and treated, are often imperfect. When it comes to emerging or unknown infectious diseases, before the imported case was finally identified or community transmission was reported, cases have often occurred in clusters in healthcare settings. Nosocomial infection control measures should be further strengthened among the workers and inpatients in designated healthcare settings that accommodate suspected cases suffering from emerging or unknown infectious diseases.",2016,Apr,Infectious diseases of poverty,5,,30,,10.1186/s40249-016-0118-9,27068809,#1974,Fu 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +The history and epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus.,Al-Osail AM.; Al-Wazzah MJ.,"Corona viruses cause common cold, and infections caused by corona viruses are generally self-resolving. During the last 4 years, corona viruses have become the most important viruses worldwide because of the occurrence of several recent deaths caused by corona viruses in Saudi Arabia. Spread of the infection occurred worldwide; however, most cases of mortality have occurred in the Middle East. Owing to the predominance of outbreaks in the Middle Eastern countries, the virus was renamed a Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) by the Corona virus Study Group. The Center for Diseases Control and Prevention and World Health Organization maintain a website that is updated frequently with new cases of MERS-CoV infection. In this review, we describe the history and epidemiology of this novel virus. Studies of the genetics and molecular mechanisms of this virus are expected to facilitate the development of vaccines in the future.",2017,,Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine,12,,20,,10.1186/s40248-017-0101-8,28794876,#1975,Al-Osail 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Epidemic Models of Contact Tracing: Systematic Review of Transmission Studies of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Kwok KO.; Tang A.; Wei VWI.; Park WH.; Yeoh EK.; Riley S.,"The emergence and reemergence of coronavirus epidemics sparked renewed concerns from global epidemiology researchers and public health administrators. Mathematical models that represented how contact tracing and follow-up may control Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) transmissions were developed for evaluating different infection control interventions, estimating likely number of infections as well as facilitating understanding of their likely epidemiology. We reviewed mathematical models for contact tracing and follow-up control measures of SARS and MERS transmission. Model characteristics, epidemiological parameters and intervention parameters used in the mathematical models from seven studies were summarized. A major concern identified in future epidemics is whether public health administrators can collect all the required data for building epidemiological models in a short period of time during the early phase of an outbreak. Also, currently available models do not explicitly model constrained resources. We urge for closed-loop communication between public health administrators and modelling researchers to come up with guidelines to delineate the collection of the required data in the midst of an outbreak and the inclusion of additional logistical details in future similar models.",2019,,Computational and structural biotechnology journal,17,,186-194,,10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.003,30809323,#1979,Kwok 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 03:08:23)(Select): reports parameters from Peak et al (but systematic review - so original research); ,review; useful +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review.,Shehata MM.; Gomaa MR.; Ali MA.; Kayali G.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first identified in 2012 and has since then remained uncontrolled. Cases have been mostly reported in the Middle East, however travel-associated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to be the most important routes. The infection is severe and highly fatal thus necessitating rapid and efficacious interventions. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published literature and summarized the epidemiology of the virus. In addition, we summarized the virological aspects of the infection and reviewed the animal models used as well as vaccination and antiviral tested against it.",2016,Jun,Frontiers of medicine,10,2,120-36,,10.1007/s11684-016-0430-6,26791756,#1986,Shehata 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Serological Study of An Imported Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and His Close Contacts in China, 2015.",Wang WL.; Wang HJ.; Deng Y.; Song T.; Lan JM.; Wu GZ.; Ke CW.; Tan WJ.,"The first imported Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) case in China was identified in May 2015. We determined the kinetics of antibody (IgG and IgM) and neutralizing antibodies against MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in this case before discharge. Moreover, no seroconversion was found among 53 close contacts by anti-MERS IgG antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of paired serum samples. These findings suggest that neither community nor nosocomial transmission of MERS-CoV occurred in China.",2016,Mar,Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES,29,3,219-23,,10.3967/bes2016.027,27109133,#1988,Wang 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 19:43:22)(Select): one case only?!; ,"" +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus Alert Verification In Mirpur, Azad Kashmir.",Khan MA.; Ishaq M.; Rehman MU.; Altaf A.; Baig MA.; Rana S.; Kamran J.; Ranjha MA.; Rana JA.,"Middle East Respiratory-Corona virus (MERS-CoV), SARS like virus, identified in September 2012 in Middle-East. February 2013, an elderly man, who visited Pakistan and KSA, was confirmed as MRS-CoV in UK. A team visited Mirpur to assess current and past SARI trends in major indoor facilities, to explore possible contact of the patient with known or suspected SARI case during his stay in Pakistan and enlist close contacts. Review of indoor records in hospitals, interviews with relatives & physicians and active contact tracing using operational case definition. Arrived on 16th December 2012, mostly stayed at daughter's house, visited by relatives, on 19th January, left for KSA accompanied by daughter, developed fever with chills and body aches on 23rd January. On 28th January, arrived London, admitted at City Hospital, Birmingham, subsequently shifted to Manchester Hospital on 6th February 2013, diagnosed as MERS-CoV, expired on 19th February. His son having underlying condition, confirmed as MERS-CoV on 13th February, and expired on 17th February. Daughter developed mild respiratory symptoms, confirmed as MERS-CoV on 16th Feb and recovered. Both have been infected by the Index case. The review of indoor record did not reveal any significant change in SARI trends, the cumulative number of cases for the January -February 2012 and 2013 was 291 and 294 respectively indicating no difference. During his stay in Pakistan, he didn't meet any suspected/ill person. Close contacts were observed and investigated for MERS-CoV, all remained healthy. The available evidence does not suggest any MERS-CoV transmission to, or from the patient in Pakistan.",,,"Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC",29,1,173-175,,,28712204,#1991,,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:12:54)(Select): 1 case; ,"" +Reported Direct and Indirect Contact with Dromedary Camels among Laboratory-Confirmed MERS-CoV Cases.,Conzade R.; Grant R.; Malik MR.; Elkholy A.; Elhakim M.; Samhouri D.; Ben Embarek PK.; Van Kerkhove MD.,"Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are now known to be the vertebrate animal reservoir that intermittently transmits the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to humans. Yet, details as to the specific mechanism(s) of zoonotic transmission from dromedaries to humans remain unclear. The aim of this study was to describe direct and indirect contact with dromedaries among all cases, and then separately for primary, non-primary, and unclassified cases of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) between 1 January 2015 and 13 April 2018. We present any reported dromedary contact: direct, indirect, and type of indirect contact. Of all 1125 laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported to WHO during the time period, there were 348 (30.9%) primary cases, 455 (40.4%) non-primary cases, and 322 (28.6%) unclassified cases. Among primary cases, 191 (54.9%) reported contact with dromedaries: 164 (47.1%) reported direct contact, 155 (44.5%) reported indirect contact. Five (1.1%) non-primary cases also reported contact with dromedaries. Overall, unpasteurized milk was the most frequent type of dromedary product consumed. Among cases for whom exposure was systematically collected and reported to WHO, contact with dromedaries or dromedary products has played an important role in zoonotic transmission.",2018,08,Viruses,10,8,,,10.3390/v10080425,30104551,#1995,Conzade 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Asia: lessons gleaned from the South Korean outbreak.,Lim PL.,,2015,Sep,Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,109,9,541-2,,10.1093/trstmh/trv064,26286944,#1997,Lim 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:46:48)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Costly Lessons From the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in Korea.,Lee SI.,"Since the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) began on May 11, 2015, a total of 186 persons have been infected by the MERS coronavirus, 38 of whom have died. With this number, Korea becomes second only to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the ranking of cumulative MERS cases. In this paper Korea's unique experience of an outbreak of MERS will be summarized and discussed briefly.",2015,Nov,Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi,48,6,274-6,,10.3961/jpmph.15.064,26639740,#1998,Lee 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:43:02)(Select): perspective/opinion piece; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus Pathogenesis.,Singh SK.,"Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped RNA viruses that infect birds, mammals, and humans. Infections caused by human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are mostly associated with the respiratory, enteric, and nervous systems. The hCoVs only occasionally induce lower respiratory tract disease, including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. In 2002 to 2003, a global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the seminal detection of a novel CoV (SARS-CoV). A decade later (June 2012), another novel CoV was implicated as the cause of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia. Although bats might serve as a reservoir of MERS-CoV, it is unlikely that they are the direct source for most human cases. Severe lines of evidence suggest that dromedary camels have been the major cause of transmission to humans. The emergence of MERS-CoV has triggered serious concerns about the potential for a widespread outbreak. All MERS cases were linked directly or indirectly to the Middle East region including Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and UAE. MERS cases have also been reported in the later phases in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Tunisia. Most of these MERS cases were linked with the Middle East. The high mortality rates in family-based and hospital-based outbreaks were reported among patients with comorbidities such as diabetes and renal failure. MERS-CoV causes an acute, highly lethal pneumonia and renal dysfunction. The major complications reported in fatal cases are hyperkalemia with associated ventricular tachycardia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pericarditis, and multiorgan failure. The case-fatality rate seems to be higher for MERS-CoV (around 30%) than for SARS-CoV (9.6%). The combination regimen of type 1 interferon + lopinavir/ritonavir is considered as the first-line therapy for MERS. Antiviral treatment is generally recommended for 10 to 14 days in patients with MERS-CoV infection. Convalescent plasma therapy has shown some efficacy among patients refractory to antiviral drugs if administered within 2 weeks of the onset of the disease.",2016,08,Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine,37,4,572-7,,10.1055/s-0036-1584796,27486737,#2004,Singh 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 20:15:33)(Select): looks like a review to me ; ,"" +"Estimation of Severe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Cases in the Middle East, 2012-2016.",O'Hagan JJ.; Carias C.; Rudd JM.; Pham HT.; Haber Y.; Pesik N.; Cetron MS.; Gambhir M.; Gerber SI.; Swerdlow DL.,"Using data from travelers to 4 countries in the Middle East, we estimated 3,250 (95% CI 1,300-6,600) severe cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome occurred in this region during September 2012-January 2016. This number is 2.3-fold higher than the number of laboratory-confirmed cases recorded in these countries.",2016,10,Emerging infectious diseases,22,10,1797-9,,10.3201/2210.151121,27648640,#2006,O'Hagan 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:16:54)(Select): no parameters?; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Arabi YM.; Balkhy HH.; Hayden FG.; Bouchama A.; Luke T.; Baillie JK.; Al-Omari A.; Hajeer AH.; Senga M.; Denison MR.; Nguyen-Van-Tam JS.; Shindo N.; Bermingham A.; Chappell JD.; Van Kerkhove MD.; Fowler RA.,,2017,02,The New England journal of medicine,376,6,584-594,,10.1056/NEJMsr1408795,28177862,#2013,Arabi 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Influenza not MERS CoV among returning Hajj and Umrah pilgrims with respiratory illness, Kashmir, north India, 2014-15.",Koul PA.; Mir H.; Saha S.; Chadha MS.; Potdar V.; Widdowson MA.; Lal RB.; Krishnan A.,"The increasing reports of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from many countries emphasize its importance for international travel. Muslim pilgrimages of Hajj and Umrah involve mass gatherings of international travellers. We set out to assess the presence of influenza and MERS-CoV in Hajj/Umrah returnees with acute respiratory infection. . Disembarking passengers (n = 8753) from Saudi Arabia (October 2014 to April 2015) were interviewed for the presence of respiratory symptoms; 977 (11%) reported symptoms and 300 (age 26-90, median 60 years; 140 male) consented to participate in the study. After recording clinical and demographic data, twin swabs (nasopharyngeal and throat) were collected from each participant, pooled in viral transport media and tested by real-time RT PCR for MERS-CoV and influenza A and B viruses and their subtypes. The participants had symptoms of 1-15 days (median 5d); cough (90%) and nasal discharge (86%) being the commonest. None of the 300 participants tested positive for MERS-CoV; however, 33 (11%) tested positive for influenza viruses (A/H3N2 = 13, A/H1N1pdm09 = 9 and B/Yamagata = 11). Eighteen patients received oseltamivir. No hospitalizations were needed and all had uneventful recovery. Despite a high prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms, MERS coV was not seen in returning pilgrims from Hajj and Umrah. However detection of flu emphasises preventive strategies like vaccination.",,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,15,,45-47,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.12.002,27932291,#2022,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Burden of acute respiratory disease of epidemic and pandemic potential in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A literature review.,Abubakar A.; Malik M.; Pebody RG.; Elkholy AA.; Khan W.; Bellos A.; Mala P.,"There are gaps in the knowledge about the burden of severe respiratory disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This literature review was therefore conducted to describe the burden of epidemicand pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the Region which may help in the development of evidence-based disease prevention and control policies. Relevant published and unpublished reports were identified from searches of various databases; 83 documents fulfilled the search criteria. The infections identified included: ARI, avian influenza A(H5N1), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Pneumonia and ARIs were leading causes of disease and death in the Region. Influenza A(H1N1) was an important cause of morbidity during the 2009 pandemic. This review provides a descriptive summary of the burden of acute respiratory diseases in the Region, but there still remains a lack of necessary data.",2016,Oct,Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit,22,7,513-526,,,27714746,#2028,Abubakar 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Emergence of a Pathogenic Human Coronavirus.,Fehr AR.; Channappanavar R.; Perlman S.,"In 2012, a zoonotic coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of Middle East respiratory syndrome and was named MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). As of August 11, 2016, the virus has infected 1,791 patients, with a mortality rate of 35.6%. Although MERS-CoV generally causes subclinical or mild disease, infection can result in serious outcomes, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure in patients with comorbidities. The virus is endemic in camels in the Arabian Peninsula and Africa and thus poses a consistent threat of frequent reintroduction into human populations. Disease prevalence will increase substantially if the virus mutates to increase human-to-human transmissibility. No therapeutics or vaccines are approved for MERS; thus, development of novel therapies is needed. Further, since many MERS cases are acquired in healthcare settings, public health measures and scrupulous attention to infection control are required to prevent additional MERS outbreaks.",2017,01,Annual review of medicine,68,,387-399,,10.1146/annurev-med-051215-031152,27576010,#2037,Fehr 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Epidemiological investigation of the 119th confirmed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus case with an indefinite mode of transmission during the Pyeongtaek outbreak in Korea.,Choi JH.; Yoo B.; Lee SY.; Lee EG.; Ki M.; Lee W.; Jung JR.; Chang K.,"Since the first case was diagnosed on May 20, 2015, there were 186 confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) until the end of outbreak in South Korea. Although medical institutions were the most identifiable sources of MERS transmission in South Korea, similar to other countries, in-depth epidemiological investigation was required for some confirmed cases with indefinite contact history or hospital visit records. The subject of epidemiological investigation in the present study was a 35 year-old male patient diagnosed with MERS (#119) who lived in Asan-city and worked in Pyeongtaek-city. Various potential sources of transmission were carefully investigated. While he could have been exposed to MERS through a friend from Saudi Arabia or confirmed MERS cases in his workplace, neighboring areas, and medical institutions, as well as contacts in his home, the chances of transmission were low; however, the potential for transmission through his local community could not be excluded. Practically, it was difficult to determine the modes of transmission for all outbreak cases in communicable disease that occurred in this short period of time. The investigation to identify the mode of transmission in this case was ultimately unsuccessful. However, the various data collected and analyzed to reveal modes of transmission provided detailed information that could not be collected using only interview surveys.",2015,Dec,Epidemiology and health,,,,,10.4178/epih/e2015054,26971695,#2038,Choi 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,review +[Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)].,Iinuma Y.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging infectious disease of growing global importance, which has caused severe acute respiratory disease in more than 1,700 people, resulting in almost 600 deaths. MERS is caused by a novel betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). All cases of MERS have been linked through travel to or residence in countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula. Dromedary camels are considered natu- ral reservoirs for MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV is mainly transmitted from infected dromedary camels to human beings, and it is transmitted among human beings by droplets, contact, and perhaps airborne spread. Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases have been reported with little human-to-human transmis- sion reported in the community. The largest known outbreak of MERS outside the Arabian Peninsula oc- curred in the Republic of Korea in 2015, with 186 cases. The outbreak was associated with a traveler re- turning from the Arabian Peninsula. Clinical features of MERS range from asymptomatic or mild disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure resulting in death, especially in individuals with underlying comorbidities. MERS is suspected in the presence of febrile acute respiratory illness and close contact with MERS-CoV, and can be confirmed by the detection of viral nucleic acid through RT-PCR or se- rology. No specific drug treatment exists for MERS; however, the neutralizing antibodies, ribavirin and interferon have been shown to be potentially useful anti-MERS-CoV drugs. Rigorous infection prevention and control measures with droplet and contact precautions are crucial to prevent the spread in health-care facilities. [Review].",2016,09,Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology,64,9,1044-1051,,,30609457,#2051,Iinuma 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 23:57:00)(Select): can't find full text but pub med says the article is in japanese - so exclude anyway?; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND +"Risks to healthcare workers with emerging diseases: lessons from MERS-CoV, Ebola, SARS, and avian flu.",Suwantarat N.; Apisarnthanarak A.,"Several viral diseases have emerged and impacted healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare personnels (HCPs) are at high risk of acquiring some emerging infections while caring for patients. We provide a review of risk factors, evidence of infection in HCPs, and prevention strategies with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola virus disease (Ebola), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and avian influenza. HCP-related infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola, and SARS have been reported among 1-27%, 2.5-12%, and 11-57% of total cases, respectively. The case fatality rate of Ebola in HCPs has been reported up to 73%. The WHO guidelines for the global surveillance of SARS were developed in 2004 and used as a template for other emerging diseases preparedness. Risks to HCPs with emerging diseases are related to inappropriate and insufficient infection control measures during an initial encounter, at the beginning of outbreak and with an overwhelming number of patient cases. To date, there are no reports of avian influenza transmission to HCPs from affected cases. Early and rapid detection of suspected infected patients with communicable diseases along with appropriate infection control practice, education, national and global preparedness guidelines would help to prevent disease transmission to HCPs.",2015,Aug,Current opinion in infectious diseases,28,4,349-61,,10.1097/QCO.0000000000000183,26098498,#2052,Suwantarat 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in pilgrims returning from the Hajj.,Kumar A.; Beckett G.; Wiselka M.,,2015,Sep,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),351,,h5185,,10.1136/bmj.h5185,26423090,#2068,Kumar 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Surveillance operation for the 141st confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus in response to the patient's prior travel to Jeju Island.,Bae JM.,"The provincial government of Jeju, South Korea, was notified that a 42-year-old man infected with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus had gone sightseeing in Jeju Island. Although the visiting period might be interpreted as the incubation period of MERS, the province decided to conduct active surveillance to prevent a worst-case scenario. Based on the channel of movement of the patient, healthy isolation and active monitoring were conducted for persons who came in contact with the patient. During the active surveillance, none of the 56 persons in self-isolation and 123 persons under active monitoring became infected. This fact supports that MERS is not contagious during the incubation period.",2015,,Epidemiology and health,37,,e2015035,,10.4178/epih/e2015035,26300437,#2071,Bae 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention +High Prevalence of MERS-CoV Infection in Camel Workers in Saudi Arabia.,Alshukairi AN.; Zheng J.; Zhao J.; Nehdi A.; Baharoon SA.; Layqah L.; Bokhari A.; Al Johani SM.; Samman N.; Boudjelal M.; Ten Eyck P.; Al-Mozaini MA.; Zhao J.; Perlman S.; Alagaili AN.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is an emerging disease with high potential for epidemic spread. It has been listed by the WHO and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) as an important target for vaccine development. While initially the majority of MERS cases were hospital acquired, continued emergence of MERS is attributed to community acquisition, with camels likely being the direct or indirect source. However, the majority of patients do not describe camel exposure, making the route of transmission unclear. Here, using sensitive immunological assays and a cohort of camel workers (CWs) with well-documented camel exposure, we show that approximately 50% of camel workers (CWs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and 0% of controls were previously infected. We obtained blood samples from 30 camel herders, truck drivers, and handlers with well-documented camel exposure and from healthy donors, and measured MERS-CoV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and neutralizing antibody titers, as well as T cell responses. Totals of 16/30 CWs and 0/30 healthy control donors were seropositive by MERS-CoV-specific ELISA and/or neutralizing antibody titer, and an additional four CWs were seronegative but contained virus-specific T cells in their blood. Although virus transmission from CWs has not been formally demonstrated, a possible explanation for repeated MERS outbreaks is that CWs develop mild disease and then transmit the virus to uninfected individuals. Infection of some of these individuals, such as those with comorbidities, results in severe disease and in the episodic appearance of patients with MERS.IMPORTANCE The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a coronavirus (CoV)-mediated respiratory disease. Virus transmission occurs within health care settings, but cases also appear sporadically in the community. Camels are believed to be the source for community-acquired cases, but most patients do not have camel exposure. Here, we assessed whether camel workers (CWs) with high rates of exposure to camel nasal and oral secretions had evidence of MERS-CoV infection. The results indicate that a high percentage of CWs were positive for virus-specific immune responses but had no history of significant respiratory disease. Thus, a possible explanation for repeated MERS outbreaks is that CWs develop mild or subclinical disease. These CWs then transmit the virus to uninfected individuals, some of whom are highly susceptible, develop severe disease, and are detected as primary MERS cases in the community.",2018,10,mBio,9,5,,,10.1128/mBio.01985-18,30377284,#2084,Alshukairi 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:32:44)(Select): Also don't give percentages of infected in-text (they say over 50%..?); Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:31:04)(Select): Supplement Table S3 does not give ORs for risk factors -- we've decided not to calculate things like these ourselves. Otherwise would be interesting but we have to exclude because they do not give the metrics we want straight away ; ,"" +"Closing the knowledge gaps on MERS: three and half years since its detection, what have we learnt and what needs to be done urgently? (Editorial).",Malik MR.; Mahjour J.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov), first detected in 2012, continues to cause health concerns owing to the grave uncertainties that have surrounded the virus since it emerged. Three and half years after the first known human infection was detected, cases continue to be reported every month, over 85% of which have been from Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Despite its low levels of transmission, the virus presents an uncertain future as a number of critical knowledge gaps on the source and route of transmission have hindered the global response to this emerging infection.",2016,Apr,Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit,22,2,85-86,,,30387100,#2095,Malik 2016,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Amy Dighe (2019-07-29 20:56:38)(Select): the duplicate of this copy has been excluded on the basis of being an editorial - not peer reviewed - so we should reject this copy for being the duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Active screening and surveillance in the United Kingdom for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in returning travellers and pilgrims from the Middle East: a prospective descriptive study for the period 2013-2015.,Atabani SF.; Wilson S.; Overton-Lewis C.; Workman J.; Kidd IM.; Petersen E.; Zumla A.; Smit E.; Osman H.,"Over 25000 pilgrims from the UK visit Saudi Arabia every year for the Umrah and Hajj pilgrimages. The recent outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in South Korea and the continuing reports of MERS-CoV cases from Saudi Arabia highlight the need for active surveillance for MERS-CoV in returning pilgrims or travellers from the Middle East. Public Health England Birmingham Laboratory (PHEBL) is one of a few selected UK public health laboratories responsible for MERS-CoV screening in travellers returning to the UK from the Middle East who present to hospital with severe respiratory symptoms. The results of the PHEBL MERS-CoV screening and surveillance over the past 3 years is presented. UK travellers/pilgrims who returned from the Middle East and presented to a hospital with respiratory symptoms were studied over the period February 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. Patients with respiratory symptoms, who satisfied the Public Health England MERS-CoV case algorithm, were tested for MERS-CoV and other respiratory tract viruses on admission to hospital. Two hundred and two patients suspected of having MERS-CoV were tested. None of them had a laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection. A viral aetiology was detected in half (50.3%) of the cases, with rhinoviruses, influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2), and influenza B being most frequent. Peak testing occurred following the annual Hajj season and in other periods of raised national awareness. Respiratory tract infections in travellers/pilgrims returning to the UK from the Middle East are mainly due to rhinoviruses, influenza A, and influenza B. Whilst MERS-CoV was not detected in the 202 patients studied, heightened awareness of the possibility of MERS-CoV and continuous proactive surveillance are essential to rapidly identify cases of MERS-CoV and other seasonal respiratory tract viruses such as avian influenza, in patients presenting to hospital. Early identification and isolation may prevent outbreaks in nosocomial settings.",2016,Jun,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,47,,10-4,,10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.016,27117200,#2101,Atabani 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus intermittent positive cases: Implications for infection control.,Alfaraj SH.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to be reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data on the phenomenon of intermittent positive results for MERS-CoV on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with negative results in between are lacking. Here we describe cases with intermittent positive MERS-CoV test results and highlight the required number of tests to rule out or rule in MERS-CoV infection based on a large retrospective cohort of patients with confirmed MERS-CoV. This analysis included cases admitted between January 2014 and December 2017. The included patients had a minimum of 3 nasopharyngeal MERS-CoV RT-PCR tests for confirmation and needed 2 negative samples for MERS-CoV evaluated 48 hours apart with clinical improvement or stabilization apart to ensure clearance. A total of 408 patients with positive MERS-CoV test results were treated at the referring hospital. We excluded 72 patients who had only 1 swab result available in the system and were treated in the initial years of the disease. Of the remaining 336 patients, 300 (89%) had a positive result after 1 swab, 324 (96.5%) had a positive result after 2 consecutive swabs, and 328 (97.6%) had a positive result after 3 consecutive swabs. Of the total cases, 46 (13.7%) had a positive MERS-CoV test then a negative test, followed by positive test results. Our data indicate that 2 to 3 nasopharyngeal samples are needed to produce the highest yield of positive results for MERS-CoV. In addition, 2 negative results 48 hours apart with clinical improvement or stabilization are needed to clear patients from MERS-CoV. Evaluation of the yield of sputum samples is needed to assess the effectiveness against nasopharyngeal swabs.",2019,Mar,American journal of infection control,47,3,290-293,,10.1016/j.ajic.2018.08.020,30352694,#2108,Alfaraj 2019,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-07-07 20:48:14)(Select): Not clearly defined as CFR, and sums that don't make sense.; Amy Dighe (2019-10-03 22:21:19)(Select): cfr; ","" +"Exposures among MERS Case-Patients, Saudi Arabia, January-February 2016.",Alhakeem RF.; Midgley CM.; Assiri AM.; Alessa M.; Al Hawaj H.; Saeed AB.; Almasri MM.; Lu X.; Abedi GR.; Abdalla O.; Mohammed M.; Algarni HS.; Al-Abdely HM.; Alsharef AA.; Nooh R.; Erdman DD.; Gerber SI.; Watson JT.,,2016,11,Emerging infectious diseases,22,11,2020-2022,,10.3201/eid2211.161042,27606432,#2114,Alhakeem 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,useful +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission.",Hui DS.; Azhar EI.; Kim YJ.; Memish ZA.; Oh MD.; Zumla A.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal zoonosis that causes death in 35·7% of cases. As of Feb 28, 2018, 2182 cases of MERS-CoV infection (with 779 deaths) in 27 countries were reported to WHO worldwide, with most being reported in Saudi Arabia (1807 cases with 705 deaths). MERS-CoV features prominently in the WHO blueprint list of priority pathogens that threaten global health security. Although primary transmission of MERS-CoV to human beings is linked to exposure to dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), the exact mode by which MERS-CoV infection is acquired remains undefined. Up to 50% of MERS-CoV cases in Saudi Arabia have been classified as secondary, occurring from human-to-human transmission through contact with asymptomatic or symptomatic individuals infected with MERS-CoV. Hospital outbreaks of MERS-CoV are a hallmark of MERS-CoV infection. The clinical features associated with MERS-CoV infection are not MERS-specific and are similar to other respiratory tract infections. Thus, the diagnosis of MERS can easily be missed, unless the doctor or health-care worker has a high degree of clinical awareness and the patient undergoes specific testing for MERS-CoV. The largest outbreak of MERS-CoV outside the Arabian Peninsula occurred in South Korea in May, 2015, resulting in 186 cases with 38 deaths. This outbreak was caused by a traveller with undiagnosed MERS-CoV infection who became ill after returning to Seoul from a trip to the Middle East. The traveller visited several health facilities in South Korea, transmitting the virus to many other individuals long before a diagnosis was made. With 10 million pilgrims visiting Saudi Arabia each year from 182 countries, watchful surveillance by public health systems, and a high degree of clinical awareness of the possibility of MERS-CoV infection is essential. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive update and synthesis of the latest available data on the epidemiology, determinants, and risk factors of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission of MERS-CoV, and suggest measures to reduce risk of transmission.",2018,Aug,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,18,8,e217-e227,,10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30127-0,29680581,#2120,Hui 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +"Association of Higher MERS-CoV Virus Load with Severe Disease and Death, Saudi Arabia, 2014.",Feikin DR.; Alraddadi B.; Qutub M.; Shabouni O.; Curns A.; Oboho IK.; Tomczyk SM.; Wolff B.; Watson JT.; Madani TA.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a spectrum of illness. We evaluated whether cycle threshold (Ct) values (which are inversely related to virus load) were associated with clinical severity in patients from Saudi Arabia whose nasopharyngeal specimens tested positive for this virus by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Among 102 patients, median Ct of 31.0 for the upstream of the E gene target for 41 (40%) patients who died was significantly lower than the median of 33.0 for 61 survivors (p=0.0087). In multivariable regression analyses, risk factors for death were age>60 years), underlying illness, and decreasing Ct for each 1-point decrease in Ct). Results were similar for a composite severe outcome (death and/or intensive care unit admission). More data are needed to determine whether modulation of virus load by therapeutic agents affects clinical outcomes.",2015,Nov,Emerging infectious diseases,21,11,2029-35,,10.3201/eid2111.150764,26488195,#2121,Feikin 2015,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-30 06:51:35)(Select): risk of death, not transmission; ","" +"SARS, MERS and coronavirus infections.",Kawana A.,"The human coronavirus (HCoV) contains HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV- HKU1, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 are pathogens of common cold. During 2002-2003, a new coronavirus, the SARS-CoV, was found to be the cause of an acute, severe frequently fatal respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The outbreak originated in south- ern China, probably following transmission from an animal in animal markets or bats to hu- mans. In 2012, some cases of novel coronavirus infection were reported in Arabian Peninsula with pneumonia and acute kidney injury. This novel coronavirus has been named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus probably has come from camels and bats. I describe here about coronaviruses that have wide disease spectrum.from common colds to severe fatal illness as emerging infectious diseases.",2016,12,Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,74,12,1967-1972,,,30550651,#2138,Kawana 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-29 19:54:26)(Select): can only access abstract but it says on pubmed that the article is in japanese - so exclude without viewing full text?; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND; review +Unusual presentation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus leading to a large outbreak in Riyadh during 2017.,Amer H.; Alqahtani AS.; Alzoman H.; Aljerian N.; Memish ZA.,"The hallmark of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) disease is the ability to cause major health care-associated nosocomial outbreaks with superspreading events leading to massive numbers of cases and excessive morbidity and mortality. In this report, we describe a patient who presented with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis and became a MERS-CoV superspreader, igniting a recent multihospital outbreak in Riyadh. Between May 31 and June 15, 2017, 44 cases of MERS-CoV infection were reported from 3 simultaneous clusters from 3 health care facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, including 11 fatal cases. Out of the total reported cases, 29 cases were reported from King Saud Medical City. The cluster at King Saud Medical City was ignited by a single superspreader patient who presented with acute renal failure. After 14 hours in the open area of the emergency department and 2 hemodialysis sessions he was diagnosed with MERS-CoV. One hundred twenty contacts who had direct unprotected exposure were screened. Among those contacts, 9 out of 107 health care workers (5 nurses, 3 physicians, and 1 paramedic) and 7 out of 13 patients tested positive for MERS-CoV. This hospital outbreak demonstrated the difficulties in diagnosing pneumonia in patients with renal and cardiac failure, which leads to delayed suspicion of MERS-CoV and hence delay in applying the proper infection control procedures. In MERS-CoV endemic countries there is an urgent need for developing rapid point-of-care testing that would assist emergency department staff in triaging suspected cases of MERS-CoV to ensure timely isolation and management of their primary illness and prevent major MERS-CoV outbreaks.",2018,Sep,American journal of infection control,46,9,1022-1025,,10.1016/j.ajic.2018.02.023,29661625,#2156,Amer 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:54:18)(Select): doesn't give ready numbers; ,"" +"MERS-CoV in Upper Respiratory Tract and Lungs of Dromedary Camels, Saudi Arabia, 2013-2014.",Khalafalla AI.; Lu X.; Al-Mubarak AI.; Dalab AH.; Al-Busadah KA.; Erdman DD.,"To assess the temporal dynamics of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in dromedary camels, specimens were collected at 1-2 month intervals from 2 independent groups of animals during April 2013-May 2014 in Al-Ahsa Province, Saudi Arabia, and tested for MERS-CoV RNA by reverse transcription PCR. Of 96 live camels, 28 (29.2%) nasal swab samples were positive; of 91 camel carcasses, 56 (61.5%) lung tissue samples were positive. Positive samples were more commonly found among young animals (<4 years of age) than adults (>4 years of age). The proportions of positive samples varied by month for both groups; detection peaked during November 2013 and January 2014 and declined in March and May 2014. These findings further our understanding of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels and may help inform intervention strategies to reduce zoonotic infections.",2015,Jul,Emerging infectious diseases,21,7,1153-8,,10.3201/eid2107.150070,26079346,#2157,Khalafalla 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Asymptomatic MERS-CoV Infection in Humans Possibly Linked to Infected Dromedaries Imported from Oman to United Arab Emirates, May 2015.",Al Hammadi ZM.; Chu DK.; Eltahir YM.; Al Hosani F.; Al Mulla M.; Tarnini W.; Hall AJ.; Perera RA.; Abdelkhalek MM.; Peiris JS.; Al Muhairi SS.; Poon LL.,"In May 2015 in United Arab Emirates, asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was identified through active case finding in 2 men with exposure to infected dromedaries. Epidemiologic and virologic findings suggested zoonotic transmission. Genetic sequences for viruses from the men and camels were similar to those for viruses recently detected in other countries.",2015,Dec,Emerging infectious diseases,21,12,2197-200,,10.3201/eid2112.151132,26584223,#2161,AlHammadi 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Acute Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Temporal Lung Changes Observed on the Chest Radiographs of 55 Patients.,Das KM.; Lee EY.; Al Jawder SE.; Enani MA.; Singh R.; Skakni L.; Al-Nakshabandi N.; AlDossari K.; Larsson SG.,"The objective of our study was to describe lung changes on serial chest radiographs from patients infected with the acute Middle East respiratory syndrome corona-virus (MERS-CoV) and to compare the chest radiographic findings and final outcomes with those of health care workers (HCWs) infected with the same virus. Chest radiographic scores and comorbidities were also examined as indicators of a fatal outcome to determine their potential prognostic value. Chest radiographs of 33 patients and 22 HCWs infected with MERS-CoV were examined for radiologic features indicative of disease and for evidence of radiographic deterioration and progression. Chest radiographic scores were estimated after dividing each lung into three zones. The scores (1 [mild] to 4 [severe]) for all six zones per chest radiographic examination were summed to provide a cumulative chest radiographic score (range, 0-24). Serial radiographs were also examined to assess for radiographic deterioration and progression from type 1 (mild) to type 4 (severe) disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data of deceased patients with those of individuals who recovered to identify prognostic radiographic features. Ground-glass opacity was the most common abnormality (66%) followed by consolidation (18%). Overall mortality was 35% (19/55). Mortality was higher in the patient group (55%, 18/33) than in the HCW group (5%, 1/22). The mean chest radiographic score for deceased patients was significantly higher than that for those who recovered (13 ± 2.6 [SD] vs 5.8 ± 5.6, respectively; p = 0.001); in addition, higher rates of pneumothorax (deceased patients vs patients who recovered, 47% vs 0%; p = 0.001), pleural effusion (63% vs 14%; p = 0.001), and type 4 radiographic progression (63% vs 6%; p = 0.001) were seen in the deceased patients compared with those who recovered. Univariate and logistic regression analyses identified the chest radiographic score as an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07-1.77; p = 0.01). The number of comorbidities in the patient group (n = 33) was significantly higher than that in the HCW group (n = 22) (mean number of comorbidities, 1.90 ± 1.27 vs 0.17 ± 0.65, respectively; p = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a median survival time of 15 days (95% CI, 4-26 days). Ground-glass opacity in a peripheral location was the most common abnormality noted on chest radiographs. A higher chest radiographic score coupled with a high number of medical comorbidities was associated with a poor prognosis and higher mortality in those infected with MERS-CoV. Younger HCWs with few or no comorbidities had a higher survival rate.",2015,Sep,AJR. American journal of roentgenology,205,3,W267-74,,10.2214/AJR.15.14445,26102309,#2163,Das 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Influenza A and B Viruses but Not MERS-CoV in Hajj Pilgrims, Austria, 2014.",Aberle JH.; Popow-Kraupp T.; Kreidl P.; Laferl H.; Heinz FX.; Aberle SW.,,2015,Apr,Emerging infectious diseases,21,4,726-7,,10.3201/eid2104.141745,25811672,#2166,Aberle 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 20:05:11)(Select): no MERS-CoV detected; ,"" +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedary Camels, Bangladesh, 2015.",Islam A.; Epstein JH.; Rostal MK.; Islam S.; Rahman MZ.; Hossain ME.; Uzzaman MS.; Munster VJ.; Peiris M.; Flora MS.; Rahman M.; Daszak P.,"Dromedary camels are bred domestically and imported into Bangladesh. In 2015, of 55 camels tested for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Dhaka, 17 (31%) were seropositive, including 1 bred locally. None were PCR positive. The potential for infected camels in urban markets could have public health implications and warrants further investigation.",2018,05,Emerging infectious diseases,24,5,926-928,,10.3201/eid2405.171192,29664373,#2174,Islam 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,Seroprevalence in animals +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): current situation 3 years after the virus was first identified.,Ben Embarek PK.; Van Kerkhove MD.,,2015,May,Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire,90,20,245-50,,,25980038,#2187,BenEmbarek 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Temporal dynamics of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the Arabian Peninsula, 2012-2017.",Alkhamis MA.; Fernández-Fontelo A.; VanderWaal K.; Abuhadida S.; Puig P.; Alba-Casals A.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remains a notable disease and poses a significant threat to global public health. The Arabian Peninsula is considered a major global epicentre for the disease and the virus has crossed regional and continental boundaries since 2012. In this study, we focused on exploring the temporal dynamics of MERS-CoV in human populations in the Arabian Peninsula between 2012 and 2017, using publicly available data on case counts and combining two analytical methods. Disease progression was assessed by quantifying the time-dependent reproductive number (TD-Rs), while case series temporal pattern was modelled using the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). We accounted for geographical variability between three major affected regions in Saudi Arabia including Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah. In Saudi Arabia, the epidemic size was large with TD-Rs >1, indicating significant spread until 2017. In both Makkah and Riyadh regions, the epidemic progression reached its peak in April 2014 (TD-Rs > 7), during the highest incidence period of MERS-CoV cases. In Eastern Province, one unique super-spreading event (TD-R > 10) was identified in May 2013, which comprised of the most notable cases of human-to-human transmission. Best-fitting ARIMA model inferred statistically significant biannual seasonality in Riyadh region, a region characterised by heavy seasonal camel-related activities. However, no statistical evidence of seasonality was identified in Eastern Province and Makkah. Instead, both areas were marked by an endemic pattern of cases with sporadic outbreaks. Our study suggested new insights into the epidemiology of the virus, including inferences about epidemic progression and evidence for seasonality. Despite the inherent limitations of the available data, our conclusions provide further guidance to currently implement risk-based surveillance in high-risk populations and, subsequently, improve related interventions strategies against the epidemic at country and regional levels.",2018,Oct,Epidemiology and infection,,,1-10,,10.1017/S0950268818002728,30293534,#2190,Alkhamis 2018,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Healthcare worker exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Revision of screening strategies urgently needed.,Amer H.; Alqahtani AS.; Alaklobi F.; Altayeb J.; Memish ZA.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause frequent hospital outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, with emergency departments as the initial site of the spread of this virus. The risk of transmission of MERS-CoV infection to healthcare workers (HCWs) was assessed in an outbreak in Riyadh. All HCWs with unprotected exposure to confirmed cases were tested after 24h of exposure. Two negative results for MERS-CoV obtained 3days apart and being free of any suggestive signs and symptoms were used to end the isolation of the HCWs and allow their return to duty. Overall 17 out of 879 HCWS with different levels of exposure tested positive for MERS-CoV. Of the 15 positive HCWS with adequate follow-up, 40% (6/15 HCWs) tested positive on the first sampling and 53% (8/15) tested positive on the second sampling. The time to negative results among the 15 positive HCWs ranged between 4 and 47days (average 14.5 days) and the infected HCWs needed on average two samples for clearance. All positive HCWs were either asymptomatic or had mild disease. The data obtained in this study support the widespread testing of all close contacts of MERS-CoV cases, regardless of the significance of the contact or presence or absence of symptoms. In addition, urgent careful review of guidance regarding the return of asymptomatic MERS-CoV-positive HCWs under investigation to active duty is needed.",2018,Jun,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,71,,113-116,,10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.001,29649550,#2204,Amer 2018,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:50:50)(Select): HCW seropositivity. No CIs though ; ,useful +Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Is it worth a world panic?,Abdel-Moneim AS.,"In 2012 Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was evolved in the Arabian Peninsula. Tremendous and successful efforts have been conducted to discover the genome structure, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis and antiviral therapy. Taphozous perforatus bats are the incriminated reservoir host and camels are the currently confirmed animal linker. The virus resulted in less than 1000 infected cases and 355 deaths. The case fatality rate of the MERS-CoV is high, however, many survivors of MERS-CoV infection showed inapparent infections and, in several cases, multiple co-infecting agents did exist. Although MERS-CoV appears to be a dangerous disease, it is argued here that a full assessment of current knowledge about the disease does not suggest that it is a truly scary killer.",2015,Aug,World journal of virology,4,3,185-7,,10.5501/wjv.v4.i3.185,26279980,#2206,Abdel-Moneim 2015,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-06-27 20:08:49)(Select): Only reports the WHO case fatality in the intro, no other relevant parameters.; ",review +"An observational, laboratory-based study of outbreaks of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Jeddah and Riyadh, kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2014.",Drosten C.; Muth D.; Corman VM.; Hussain R.; Al Masri M.; HajOmar W.; Landt O.; Assiri A.; Eckerle I.; Al Shangiti A.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Albarrak A.; Zumla A.; Rambaut A.; Memish ZA.,"In spring 2014, a sudden rise in the number of notified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections occurred across Saudi Arabia with a focus in Jeddah. Hypotheses to explain the outbreak pattern include increased surveillance, increased zoonotic transmission, nosocomial transmission, and changes in viral transmissibility, as well as diagnostic laboratory artifacts. Diagnostic results from Jeddah Regional Laboratory were analyzed. Viruses from the Jeddah outbreak and viruses occurring during the same time in Riyadh, Al-Kharj, and Madinah were fully or partially sequenced. A set of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms distinctive to the Jeddah outbreak were determined from additional viruses. Viruses from Riyadh and Jeddah were isolated and studied in cell culture. Up to 481 samples were received per day for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. A laboratory proficiency assessment suggested positive and negative results to be reliable. Forty-nine percent of 168 positive-testing samples during the Jeddah outbreak stemmed from King Fahd Hospital. All viruses from Jeddah were monophyletic and similar, whereas viruses from Riyadh were paraphyletic and diverse. A hospital-associated transmission cluster, to which cases in Indiana (United States) and the Netherlands belonged, was discovered in Riyadh. One Jeddah-type virus was found in Riyadh, with matching travel history to Jeddah. Virus isolates representing outbreaks in Jeddah and Riyadh were not different from MERS-CoV EMC/2012 in replication, escape of interferon response, or serum neutralization. Virus shedding and virus functions did not change significantly during the outbreak in Jeddah. These results suggest the outbreaks to have been caused by biologically unchanged viruses in connection with nosocomial transmission.",2015,Feb,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,60,3,369-77,,10.1093/cid/ciu812,25323704,#2210,Drosten 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +New coronavirus outbreak. Lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic.,Álvarez E.; Donado-Campos J.; Morilla F.,"System dynamics approach offers great potential for addressing how intervention policies can affect the spread of emerging infectious diseases in complex and highly networked systems. Here, we develop a model that explains the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic that occurred in Hong Kong in 2003. The dynamic model developed with system dynamics methodology included 23 variables (five states, four flows, eight auxiliary variables, six parameters), five differential equations and 12 algebraic equations. The parameters were optimized following an iterative process of simulation to fit the real data from the epidemics. Univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the reliability of the model. In addition, we discuss how further testing using this model can inform community interventions to reduce the risk in current and future outbreaks, such as the recently Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic.",2015,Oct,Epidemiology and infection,143,13,2882-93,,10.1017/S095026881400377X,25591619,#2211,Álvarez 2015,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:36:39)(Select): They do not apply the model to MERS in the paper, so I have excluded; Amy Dighe (2019-10-17 06:27:49)(Select): the model focuses on SARS but argues it could be applied to new coronaviruses e.g. MERS ; ","" +The prevalence of Middle East respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in livestock and temporal relation to locations and seasons.,Kasem S.; Qasim I.; Al-Doweriej A.; Hashim O.; Alkarar A.; Abu-Obeida A.; Saleh M.; Al-Hofufi A.; Al-Ghadier H.; Hussien R.; Al-Sahaf A.; Bayoumi F.; Magouz A.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has been reported for the first time infecting a human being since 2012. The WHO was notified of 27 countries have reported cases of MERS, the majority of these cases occur in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Dromedary camels are likely to be the main source of Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV) infection in humans. MERS-CoV infection rates among camels in livestock markets and slaughterhouses were investigated in Saudi Arabia. A total of 698 nasal swabs were collected and examined with Rapid assay and rtRT-PCR. Ten MERS-CoV positive samples were subjected to full genomic sequencing. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid immunochromatographic assay (BioNote, South Korea) was evaluated as a diagnostic tool for MERS-CoV compared to rtRT-PCR. The results showed a high percentage of dromedaries (56.4%) had evidence for nasal MERS-CoV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the ten MERS-CoV isolates showed that the sequences were closely related to the other MERS-CoV strains recovered from camels and human cases. Moreover, the results showed that 195 samples were positive for MERS-CoV by rapid assay compared to 394 positive samples of rtRT-PCR, which showed low rapid assay sensitivity (49.49%) while, the specificity were found to be 100%. These findings indicate that these sites are a highly-hazardous to zoonotic diseases.",,,Journal of infection and public health,11,6,884-888,,10.1016/j.jiph.2018.01.004,29396257,#2216,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:34:04)(Select): animal study; ,"" +An update on Middle East respiratory syndrome: 2 years later.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first recognized in 2012 and since then has resulted in cases in 23 countries in four continents. The majority of these cases were reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The disease caused a spectrum of illness, from asymptomatic to severe and possibly fatal disease. Recent studies showed that the transmission of MERS-CoV among family contacts remains relatively low. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for MERS-CoV.",2015,Jun,Expert review of respiratory medicine,9,3,327-35,,10.1586/17476348.2015.1027689,25790840,#2229,Al-Tawfiq 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Origin and Possible Genetic Recombination of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from the First Imported Case in China: Phylogenetics and Coalescence Analysis.,Wang Y.; Liu D.; Shi W.; Lu R.; Wang W.; Zhao Y.; Deng Y.; Zhou W.; Ren H.; Wu J.; Wang Y.; Wu G.; Gao GF.; Tan W.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a severe acute respiratory tract infection with a high fatality rate in humans. Coronaviruses are capable of infecting multiple species and can evolve rapidly through recombination events. Here, we report the complete genomic sequence analysis of a MERS-CoV strain imported to China from South Korea. The imported virus, provisionally named ChinaGD01, belongs to group 3 in clade B in the whole-genome phylogenetic tree and also has a similar tree topology structure in the open reading frame 1a and -b (ORF1ab) gene segment but clusters with group 5 of clade B in the tree constructed using the S gene. Genetic recombination analysis and lineage-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparison suggest that the imported virus is a recombinant comprising group 3 and group 5 elements. The time-resolved phylogenetic estimation indicates that the recombination event likely occurred in the second half of 2014. Genetic recombination events between group 3 and group 5 of clade B may have implications for the transmissibility of the virus. The recent outbreak of MERS-CoV in South Korea has attracted global media attention due to the speed of spread and onward transmission. Here, we present the complete genome of the first imported MERS-CoV case in China and demonstrate genetic recombination events between group 3 and group 5 of clade B that may have implications for the transmissibility of MERS-CoV.",2015,Sep,mBio,6,5,e01280-15,,10.1128/mBio.01280-15,26350969,#2236,Wang 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,phylo +Middle East respiratory syndrome: An emerging coronavirus infection tracked by the crowd.,Mackay IM.; Arden KE.,"In 2012 in Jordan, infection by a novel coronavirus (CoV) caused the first known cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). MERS-CoV sequences have since been found in a bat and the virus appears to be enzootic among dromedary camels across the Arabian Peninsula and in parts of Africa. The majority of human cases have occurred in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In humans, the etiologic agent, MERS-CoV, has been detected in severe, mild and influenza-like illness and in those without any obvious signs or symptoms of disease. MERS is often a lower respiratory tract disease associated with fever, cough, breathing difficulties, pneumonia that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure and death among more than a third of those infected. Severe disease is usually found in older males and comorbidities are frequently present in cases of MERS. Compared to SARS, MERS progresses more rapidly to respiratory failure and acute kidney injury, is more often observed as severe disease in patients with underlying illnesses and is more often fatal. MERS-CoV has a broader tropism than SARS-CoV, rapidly triggers cellular damage, employs a different receptor and induces a delayed proinflammatory response in cells. Most human cases have been linked to lapses in infection prevention and control in healthcare settings, with a fifth of virus detections reported among healthcare workers. This review sets out what is currently known about MERS and the MERS-CoV, summarises the new phenomenon of crowd-sourced epidemiology and lists some of the many questions that remain unanswered, nearly three years after the first reported case.",2015,Apr,Virus research,202,,60-88,,10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.021,25656066,#2238,Mackay 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +MERS-CoV: Understanding the Latest Human Coronavirus Threat.,Chafekar A.; Fielding BC.,"Human coronaviruses cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In 2012, a sixth human coronavirus (hCoV) was isolated from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness. The 60-year-old man died as a result of renal and respiratory failure after admission to a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aetiological agent was eventually identified as a coronavirus and designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV has now been reported in more than 27 countries across the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and Asia. As of July 2017, 2040 MERS-CoV laboratory confirmed cases, resulting in 712 deaths, were reported globally, with a majority of these cases from the Arabian Peninsula. This review summarises the current understanding of MERS-CoV, with special reference to the (i) genome structure; (ii) clinical features; (iii) diagnosis of infection; and (iv) treatment and vaccine development.",2018,02,Viruses,10,2,,,10.3390/v10020093,29495250,#2242,Chafekar 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Clinical Implications of 5 Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in a South Korean Outbreak.,Rhee JY.; Hong G.; Ryu KM.,"The Korea Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first confirmed on May 20, 2015, with a subsequent outbreak in South Korea. Five patients with suspected MERS-CoA infection were admitted to our hospital during this outbreak. One patient had no major symptoms upon admission, but pneumonia was identified upon chest radiography. Two patients progressed rapidly to acute respiratory failure and required ventilator-assisted respiration. One patient required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat refractory hypoxemia, and one patient died of shock with multiorgan failure. All the patients had fever, myalgia, leucopenia, normal procalcitonin level, and pneumonia. Importantly, clinicians should test for pneumonia in all suspected patients with MERS-CoV infection, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. The pneumonia usually affected the lower lobes. A shorter incubation period was associated with more severe disease and greater risk of mortality, and the severity of fever predicted the prognosis of MERS-CoV infection-related pneumonia. Therefore, in cases of lower-lobe pneumonia that occur during an MERS-CoV outbreak and are unesponsive to antibiotics, clinicians should consider the possibility of MERS-CoV infection.",2016,Sep,Japanese journal of infectious diseases,69,5,361-6,,10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.445,26743151,#2244,Rhee 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-01 21:55:17)(Select): only 5 cases?; ,"" +Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients During MERS-CoV Outbreak in South Korea.,Bin SY.; Heo JY.; Song MS.; Lee J.; Kim EH.; Park SJ.; Kwon HI.; Kim SM.; Kim YI.; Si YJ.; Lee IW.; Baek YH.; Choi WS.; Min J.; Jeong HW.; Choi YK.,"Although Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is characterized by a risk of nosocomial transmission, the detailed mode of transmission and period of virus shedding from infected patients are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential role of environmental contamination by MERS-CoV in healthcare settings and to define the period of viable virus shedding from MERS patients. We investigated environmental contamination from 4 patients in MERS-CoV units of 2 hospitals. MERS-CoV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viable virus was isolated by cultures. Many environmental surfaces of MERS patient rooms, including points frequently touched by patients or healthcare workers, were contaminated by MERS-CoV. Viral RNA was detected up to five days from environmental surfaces following the last positive PCR from patients' respiratory specimens. MERS-CoV RNA was detected in samples from anterooms, medical devices, and air-ventilating equipment. In addition, MERS-CoV was isolated from environmental objects such as bed sheets, bedrails, IV fluid hangers, and X-ray devices. During the late clinical phase of MERS, viable virus could be isolated in 3 of the 4 enrolled patients on day 18 to day 25 after symptom onset. Most of touchable surfaces in MERS units were contaminated by patients and health care workers and the viable virus could shed through respiratory secretion from clinically fully recovered patients. These results emphasize the need for strict environmental surface hygiene practices, and sufficient isolation period based on laboratory results rather than solely on clinical symptoms.",2016,Mar,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,62,6,755-60,,10.1093/cid/civ1020,26679623,#2245,Bin 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Event based surveillance of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS- CoV) in Bangladesh among pilgrims and travelers from the Middle East: An update for the period 2013-2016.,Muraduzzaman AKM.; Khan MH.; Parveen R.; Sultana S.; Alam AN.; Akram A.; Rahman M.; Shirin T.,"Every year around 150,000 pilgrims from Bangladesh perform Umrah and Hajj. Emergence and continuous reporting of MERS-CoV infection in Saudi Arabia emphasize the need for surveillance of MERS-CoV in returning pilgrims or travelers from the Middle East and capacity building of health care providers for disease containment. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control & Research (IEDCR) under the Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family welfare (MoHFW), is responsible for MERS-CoV screening of pilgrims/ travelers returning from the Middle East with respiratory illness as part of its outbreak investigation and surveillance activities. Bangladeshi travelers/pilgrims who returned from the Middle East and presented with fever and respiratory symptoms were studied over the period from October 2013 to June 2016. Patients with respiratory symptoms that fulfilled the WHO MERS-CoV case algorithm were tested for MERS-CoV and other respiratory tract viruses. Beside surveillance, case recognition training was conducted at multiple levels of health care facilities across the country in support of early detection and containment of the disease. Eighty one suspected cases tested by real time PCR resulted in zero detection of MERS-CoV infection. Viral etiology detected in 29.6% of the cases was predominantly influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2), and influenza B infection (22%). Peak testing occurred mostly following the annual Hajj season. Respiratory tract infections in travelers/pilgrims returning to Bangladesh from the Middle East are mainly due to influenza A and influenza B. Though MERS-CoV was not detected in the 81 patients tested, continuous screening and surveillance are essential for early detection of MERS-CoV infection and other respiratory pathogens to prevent transmissions in hospital settings and within communities. Awareness building among healthcare providers will help identify suspected cases.",2018,,PloS one,13,1,e0189914,,10.1371/journal.pone.0189914,29337997,#2249,MuraduzzamanAKM 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 19:47:37)(Select): no MERS-CoV detected by PCR; ,"" +"Acute respiratory infections among returning Hajj pilgrims-Jordan, 2014.",Al-Abdallat MM.; Rha B.; Alqasrawi S.; Payne DC.; Iblan I.; Binder AM.; Haddadin A.; Nsour MA.; Alsanouri T.; Mofleh J.; Whitaker B.; Lindstrom SL.; Tong S.; Ali SS.; Dahl RM.; Berman L.; Zhang J.; Erdman DD.; Gerber SI.,"The emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has prompted enhanced surveillance for respiratory infections among pilgrims returning from the Hajj, one of the largest annual mass gatherings in the world. To describe the epidemiology and etiologies of respiratory illnesses among pilgrims returning to Jordan after the 2014 Hajj. Surveillance for respiratory illness among pilgrims returning to Jordan after the 2014 Hajj was conducted at sentinel health care facilities using epidemiologic surveys and molecular diagnostic testing of upper respiratory specimens for multiple respiratory pathogens, including MERS-CoV. Among the 125 subjects, 58% tested positive for at least one virus; 47% tested positive for rhino/enterovirus. No cases of MERS-CoV were detected. The majority of pilgrims returning to Jordan from the 2014 Hajj with respiratory illness were determined to have a viral etiology, but none were due to MERS-CoV. A greater understanding of the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections among returning travelers to other countries after Hajj should help optimize surveillance systems and inform public health response practices.",2017,04,Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology,89,,34-37,,10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.010,28226273,#2258,Al-Abdallat 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 20:08:10)(Select): MERS-CoV not detected; ,"" +"Challenges presented by MERS corona virus, and SARS corona virus to global health.",Al-Hazmi A.,"Numerous viral infections have arisen and affected global healthcare facilities. Millions of people are at severe risk of acquiring several evolving viral infections through several factors. In the present article we have described about risk factors, chance of infection, and prevention methods of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), human coronaviruses (CoVs) frequently cause a normal cold which is mild and self-restricting. Zoonotic transmission of CoVs such as the newly discovered MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, may be associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection. The present review provides the recent clinical and pathological information on MERS and SARS. The task is to transform these discoveries about MERS and SARS pathogenesis and to develop intervention methods that will eventually allow the effective control of these recently arising severe viral infections. Global health sector has learnt many lessons through the recent outbreak of MERS and SARS, but the need for identifying new antiviral treatment was not learned. In the present article we have reviewed the literature on the several facets like transmission, precautions and effectiveness of treatments used in patients with MERS-CoV and SARS infections.",2016,Jul,Saudi journal of biological sciences,23,4,507-11,,10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.019,27298584,#2261,Al-Hazmi 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Exportations of Symptomatic Cases of MERS-CoV Infection to Countries outside the Middle East.,Carias C.; O'Hagan JJ.; Jewett A.; Gambhir M.; Cohen NJ.; Haber Y.; Pesik N.; Swerdlow DL.,"In 2012, an outbreak of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was detected in the Arabian Peninsula. Modeling can produce estimates of the expected annual number of symptomatic cases of MERS-CoV infection exported and the likelihood of exportation from source countries in the Middle East to countries outside the region.",2016,Apr,Emerging infectious diseases,22,4,723-5,,,27358972,#2272,Carias 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-23 00:32:05)(Select): not really a transmission model?; ,"" +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Impact on Saudi Arabia, 2015.",Faridi U.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome is the acute respiratory syndrome caused by betacoronavirus MERS-CoV. The first case of this disease was reported from Saudi Arabia in 2012. This virus is lethal and is a close relative of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which is responsible for more than 3000 deaths in 2002-2003. According to Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. The number of new cases is 457 in 2015. Riyadh has the highest number of reports in comparison to the other cities. According to this report, males are more susceptible than female, especially after the age of 40. Because of the awareness and early diagnosis the incidence is falling gradually. The pre-existence of another disease like cancer or diabetic etc. boosts the infection. MERS is a zoonotic disease and human to human transmission is low. The MERS-CoV is a RNA virus with protein envelope. On the outer surface, virus has spike like glycoprotein which is responsible for the attachment and entrance inside host cells. There is no specific treatment for the MERS-CoV till now, but drugs are in pipeline which bind with the spike glycoprotein and inhibit its entrance host cells. MERS-CoV and SAR-CoV are from the same genus, so it was thought that the drugs which inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV can also inhibit the growth of MERS-CoV but those drugs are not completely inhibiting virus activity. Until we don't have proper structure and the treatment of MERS-CoV, We should take precautions, especially the health care workers, Camel owners and Pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah, because they are at a higher risk of getting infected.",2018,Nov,Saudi journal of biological sciences,25,7,1402-1405,,10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.020,30505188,#2274,Faridi 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +"No MERS-CoV but positive influenza viruses in returning Hajj pilgrims, China, 2013-2015.",Ma X.; Liu F.; Liu L.; Zhang L.; Lu M.; Abudukadeer A.; Wang L.; Tian F.; Zhen W.; Yang P.; Hu K.,"There is global health concern that the mass movement of pilgrims to and from Mecca annually could contribute to the international spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In China, about 11,000 Muslim pilgrims participate in the Hajj gathering in Mecca annually. This is the first report of MERS-CoV and respiratory virus molecular screening of returning pilgrims at points of entry in China from 2013 to 2015. A total of 847 returning Hajj pilgrims participated in this study. The test results indicated that of the travelers, 34 tested positive for influenza A virus, 14 for influenza B virus, 4 for metapneumo virus, 2 for respiratory syncytial virus, and 3 for human coronavirus. There was a significant difference in the rates of positive and negative influenza virus tests between Hajj pilgrims with symptoms and those without. The detection rates of influenza virus were not significantly different among the three years studied, at 5.3, 6.0 and 6.3% for 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The MERS-CoV and respiratory viruses detection results at points of entry in China from 2013 to 2015 indicated that there were no MERS-CoV infection but a 5.7% positive influenza viruses in returning Chinese pilgrims.",2017,11,BMC infectious diseases,17,1,715,,10.1186/s12879-017-2791-0,29126397,#2279,Ma 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:58:33)(Select): no MERS detected through PCR; ,"" +Comparison of incubation period distribution of human infections with MERS-CoV in South Korea and Saudi Arabia.,Virlogeux V.; Fang VJ.; Park M.; Wu JT.; Cowling BJ.,"The incubation period is an important epidemiologic distribution, it is often incorporated in case definitions, used to determine appropriate quarantine periods, and is an input to mathematical modeling studies. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS) is an emerging infectious disease in the Arabian Peninsula. There was a large outbreak of MERS in South Korea in 2015. We examined the incubation period distribution of MERS coronavirus infection for cases in South Korea and in Saudi Arabia. Using parametric and nonparametric methods, we estimated a mean incubation period of 6.9 days (95% credibility interval: 6.3-7.5) for cases in South Korea and 5.0 days (95% credibility interval: 4.0-6.6) among cases in Saudi Arabia. In a log-linear regression model, the mean incubation period was 1.42 times longer (95% credibility interval: 1.18-1.71) among cases in South Korea compared to Saudi Arabia. The variation that we identified in the incubation period distribution between locations could be associated with differences in ascertainment or reporting of exposure dates and illness onset dates, differences in the source or mode of infection, or environmental differences.",2016,10,Scientific reports,6,,35839,,10.1038/srep35839,27775012,#2282,Virlogeux 2016,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-01 22:48:34)(Select): duplicate; ,"" +MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review.,Park JE.; Jung S.; Kim A.; Park JE.,"Since Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infection was first reported in 2012, many studies have analysed its transmissibility and severity. However, the methodology and results of these studies have varied, and there has been no systematic review of MERS. This study reviews the characteristics and associated risk factors of MERS. We searched international (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane) and Korean databases (DBpia, KISS) for English- or Korean-language articles using the terms ""MERS"" and ""Middle East respiratory syndrome"". Only human studies with > 20 participants were analysed to exclude studies with low representation. Epidemiologic studies with information on transmissibility and severity of MERS as well as studies containing MERS risk factors were included. A total of 59 studies were included. Most studies from Saudi Arabia reported higher mortality (22-69.2%) than those from South Korea (20.4%). While the R0 value in Saudi Arabia was < 1 in all but one study, in South Korea, the R0 value was 2.5-8.09 in the early stage and decreased to < 1 in the later stage. The incubation period was 4.5-5.2 days in Saudi Arabia and 6-7.8 days in South Korea. Duration from onset was 4-10 days to confirmation, 2.9-5.3 days to hospitalization, 11-17 days to death, and 14-20 days to discharge. Older age and concomitant disease were the most common factors related to MERS infection, severity, and mortality. The transmissibility and severity of MERS differed by outbreak region and patient characteristics. Further studies assessing the risk of MERS should consider these factors.",2018,May,BMC public health,18,1,574,,10.1186/s12889-018-5484-8,29716568,#2285,Park 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in children.,Thabet F.; Chehab M.; Bafaqih H.; Al Mohaimeed S.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a new human disease caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV). The disease is reported mainly in adults. Data in children are scarce. The disease caused by MERS-CoV in children presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations, and it is associated with a lower mortality rate compared with adults. Poor outcome is observed mainly in admitted patients with medical comorbidities. We report a new case of MERS-CoV infection in a 9-month-old child complicated by severe respiratory symptoms, multi-organ dysfunction, and death. We reviewed the literature in an attempt to characterize the mode of presentation, the risk factors, and outcome of MERS-CoV infection in the pediatric population.",2015,Apr,Saudi medical journal,36,4,484-6,,10.15537/smj.2015.4.10243,25828287,#2286,Thabet 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 20:12:02)(Select): 1 case only. Also I think this is a duplicate.; ,"" +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015.", .,"The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the Republic of Korea started from the index case who developed fever after returning from the Middle East. He infected 26 cases in Hospital C, and consecutive nosocomial transmission proceeded throughout the nation. We provide an epidemiologic description of the outbreak, as of July 2015. Epidemiological research was performed by direct interview of the confirmed patients and reviewing medical records. We also analyzed the incubation period, serial interval, the characteristics of superspreaders, and factors associated with mortality. Full genome sequence was obtained from sputum specimens of the index patient. A total of 186 confirmed patients with MERS-CoV infection across 16 hospitals were identified in the Republic of Korea. Some 44.1% of the cases were patients exposed in hospitals, 32.8% were caregivers, and 13.4% were healthcare personnel. The most common presenting symptom was fever and chills. The estimated incubation period was 6.83 days and the serial interval was 12.5 days. A total of 83.2% of the transmission events were epidemiologically linked to five superspreaders, all of whom had pneumonia at presentation and contacted hundreds of people. Older age [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90-12.45] and underlying respiratory disease (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.64-14.65) were significantly associated with mortality. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MERS-CoV of the index case clustered closest with a recent virus from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A single imported MERS-CoV infection case imposed a huge threat to public health and safety. This highlights the importance of robust preparedness and optimal infection prevention control. The lessons learned from the current outbreak will contribute to more up-to-date guidelines and global health security.",2015,Aug,Osong public health and research perspectives,6,4,269-78,,10.1016/j.phrp.2015.08.006,26473095,#2288,,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-11 21:45:23)(Select): duplicate to #12025; ,"" +Lack of transmission among healthcare workers in contact with a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Thailand.,Wiboonchutikul S.; Manosuthi W.; Likanonsakul S.; Sangsajja C.; Kongsanan P.; Nitiyanontakij R.; Thientong V.; Lerdsamran H.; Puthavathana P.,"A hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was reported. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of infection control measures among healthcare workers (HCWs) who were exposed to a MERS patient and/or his body fluids in our institute. A descriptive study was conducted among HCWs who worked with a MERS patient in Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Thailand, between 18 June and 3 July 2015. Contacts were defined as HCWs who worked in the patient's room or with the patient's body fluids. Serum samples from all contacts were collected within 14 days of last contact and one month later. Paired sera were tested for detection of MERS-CoV antibodies by using an indirect ELISA. Thirty-eight (88.4 %) of 43 identified contacts consented to enroll. The mean (SD) age was 38.1 (11.1) years, and 79 % were females. The median (IQR) cumulative duration of work of HCWs in the patient's room was 35 (20-165) minutes. The median (IQR) cumulative duration of work of HCWs with the patient's blood or body fluids in laboratory was 67.5 (43.7-117.5) minutes. All contacts reported 100 % compliance with hand hygiene, using N95 respirator, performing respirator fit test, wearing gown, gloves, eye protection, and cap during their entire working period. All serum specimens of contacts tested for MERS-CoV antibodies were negative. We provide evidence of effective infection control practices against MERS-CoV transmission in a healthcare facility. Strict infection control precautions can protect HCWs. The optimal infection control measures for MERS-CoV should be further evaluated.",2016,,Antimicrobial resistance and infection control,5,,21,,10.1186/s13756-016-0120-9,27222710,#2298,Wiboonchutikul 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-13 02:52:33)(Select): doesn't give values to risks of disease transmission; ,"" +Current understanding of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in human and animal models.,Wang Y.; Sun J.; Zhu A.; Zhao J.; Zhao J.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel betacoronavirus (MERS coronavirus, MERS-CoV). Since its first emergence in 2012, multiple transmission events of MERS-CoV (dromedary to human and human to human) have been reported, indicating that MERS-CoV has the potential to cause widespread outbreak. However, the epidemiology of MERS as well as immune responses against the virus in animal models and patients are still not well understood, hindering the vaccine and therapeutic developments. In this review, we summarize recent genetic and epidemic findings of MERS-CoV and the progress in animal model development, immune response studies in both animals and humans. At last, we discussed the breakthrough on vaccine and therapeutic development which are important against potential future MERS outbreak.",2018,Jul,Journal of thoracic disease,10,Suppl 19,S2260-S2271,,10.21037/jtd.2018.03.80,30116605,#2306,Wang 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Influenza virus but not MERS coronavirus circulation in Iran, 2013-2016: Comparison between pilgrims and general population.",Yavarian J.; Shafiei Jandaghi NZ.; Naseri M.; Hemmati P.; Dadras M.; Gouya MM.; Mokhtari Azad T.,"The pilgrimage to Mecca and Karbala bring many Muslims to a confined area. Respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases transmitted during mass gatherings in Hajj, Umrah and Karbala. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza virus infections among Iranian general population and pilgrims with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) returning from Mecca and Karbala during 2013-2016. During 2013-2016, a total of 42351 throat swabs were examined for presence of influenza viruses and MERS-CoV in Iranian general population and pilgrims returning from Mecca and Karbala with SARI by using one step RT-PCR kit. None of the patients had MERS-CoV but influenza viruses were detected in 12.7% with high circulation of influenza A/H1N1 (47.1%). This study showed the prevalence of influenza infections among Iranian pilgrims and general population and suggests continuing surveillance, infection control and appropriate vaccination especially nowadays that the risk of influenza pandemic threatens the world, meanwhile accurate screening for MERS-CoV is also recommended.",,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,21,,51-55,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.007,29031546,#2307,,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2020-01-07 08:16:16)(Select): rna prevalencezero, serosurvey not done so excluding; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-11 23:20:57)(Select): zero MERS seroprevalence amongst pilgrims?; ","" +Interpreting Results From Environmental Contamination Studies of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,Van Kerkhove MD.; Peiris MJ.; Malik MR.; Ben Embarek P.,,2016,10,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,63,8,1142,,10.1093/cid/ciw478,27432840,#2318,VanKerkhove 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Update on the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities - January 2015.",Rha B.; Rudd J.; Feikin D.; Watson J.; Curns AT.; Swerdlow DL.; Pallansch MA.; Gerber SI.; .,"CDC continues to work with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners to closely monitor Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections globally and to better understand the risks to public health. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief update on MERS-CoV epidemiology and to notify health care providers, public health officials, and others to maintain awareness of the need to consider MERS-CoV infection in persons who have recently traveled from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula.",2015,Jan,MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,64,3,61-2,,,25632953,#2332,Rha 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-14 03:52:02)(Select): can calculate cfr; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:45:11)(Select): MMWR; ,review +Deciphering MERS-CoV Evolution in Dromedary Camels.,Du L.; Han GZ.,The emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) poses a potential threat to global public health. Many aspects of the evolution and transmission of MERS-CoV in its animal reservoir remain unclear. A recent study provides new insights into the evolution and transmission of MERS-CoV in dromedary camels.,2016,Feb,Trends in microbiology,24,2,87-89,,10.1016/j.tim.2015.12.013,26775034,#2337,Du 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 19:00:58)(Select): not sure it is peer reviewed; ,"" +From SARS to MERS: evidence and speculation.,Gao H.; Yao H.; Yang S.; Li L.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel zoonotic pathogen. In 2012, the infectious outbreak caused by MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia has spread to more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, resulting in over 600 deaths.Without a travel history, few clinical and radiological features can reliably differentiate MERS from SARS. But in real world, comparing with SARS, MERS presents more vaguely defined epidemiology, more severe symptoms, and higher case fatality rate. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in the field of MERS-CoV, especially its molecular virology, interspecies mechanisms, clinical features, antiviral therapies, and the further investigation into this disease. As a newly emerging virus, many questions are not fully answered, including the exact mode of transmission chain, geographical distribution, and animal origins. Furthermore, a new protocol needs to be launched to rapidly evaluate the effects of unproven antiviral drugs and vaccine to fasten the clinical application of new drugs.",2016,Dec,Frontiers of medicine,10,4,377-382,,10.1007/s11684-016-0466-7,27726088,#2338,Gao 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: review of the current situation in the world.,Shapiro M.; London B.; Nigri D.; Shoss A.; Zilber E.; Fogel I.,"This article reviews the current epidemiology and clinical presentation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and describes the preparedness plan of several countries. The MERS-CoV was first reported in 2012 and has since infected more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, mostly in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. The epidemiology of the infection is compatible with multiple introductions of the virus into humans from an animal reservoir, probably dromedary camels. The clinical presentation ranges from no symptoms to severe pneumonitis and respiratory failure. Most confirmed cases so far were part of MERS-CoV clusters in hospital settings, affecting mainly middle-aged men and patients with a chronic disease or immuno-suppressed status. There is no vaccine or anti-viral medication available. Viral epidemics can occur anywhere in today's ""global village"". MERS-CoV is a relatively new virus, and this work is intended to add to the still-sparse data on its epidemiology, modes of transmission, natural history, and clinical features as well as to describe the preparedness plan for MERS-CoV infection in several countries. Effective national and international preparedness plans are essential to predict and control outbreaks, improve patient management, and ensure global health security.",2016,,Disaster and military medicine,2,,9,,10.1186/s40696-016-0019-2,28265443,#2343,Shapiro 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission.,Ki M.,"The distinct characteristic of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea is that it not only involves intra-hospital transmission, but it also involves hospital-to-hospital transmission. It has been the largest MERS outbreak outside the Middle East, with 186 confirmed cases and, among them, 36 fatal cases as of July 26, 2015. All confirmed cases are suspected to be hospital-acquired infections except one case of household transmission and two cases still undergoing examination. The Korean health care system has been the major factor shaping the unique characteristics of the outbreak. Taking this as an opportunity, the Korean government should carefully assess the fundamental problems of the vulnerability to hospital infection and make short- as well as long-term plans for countermeasures. In addition, it is hoped that this journal, Epidemiology and Health, becomes a place where various topics regarding MERS can be discussed and shared.",2015,,Epidemiology and health,37,,e2015033,,10.4178/epih/e2015033,26212508,#2355,Ki 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2025-07-22 20:53:26)(Select): editorial - not peer reviewed; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-31 08:42:57)(Select): delays; ,"" +"Characteristics and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.",Al-Hameed F.; Wahla AS.; Siddiqui S.; Ghabashi A.; Al-Shomrani M.; Al-Thaqafi A.; Tashkandi Y.,"An increasing number of patients are being infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since the first case was identified in September 2012. We report the characteristics and outcomes of MERS-CoV-confirmed patients who developed critical illness requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a prospective cohort study of all MERS-CoV-confirmed cases who were admitted to our ICU from March 20, 2014, till June 1, 2014. Presenting symptoms, comorbid conditions, and details of their ICU stay were recorded. Eight patients were admitted to the ICU with MERS-CoV infection. All had signs of respiratory distress with 7 requiring mechanical ventilation. Three patients were health care workers. In all, 6 patients had comorbid conditions and 5 patients developed multiorgan system failure (MOSF). In all, 5 patients expired, 2 were discharged alive, and 1 remained intubated at the end of the study period. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus carries a high mortality rate in patients who require ICU admission, with a significant number of patients developing MOSF. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal management guidelines for these patients.",2016,Jun,Journal of intensive care medicine,31,5,344-8,,10.1177/0885066615579858,25862629,#2360,Al-Hameed 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Institutional Preparedness to Prevent Future Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Like Outbreaks in Republic of Korea.,Jeon MH.; Kim TH.,"A year has passed since the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in the Republic of Korea. This 2015 outbreak led to a better understanding of healthcare infection control. The first Korean patient infected by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was diagnosed on May 20, 2015, after he returned from Qatar and Bahrain. Thereafter, 186 Korean people were infected with the MERS-CoV in a short time through human-to-human transmission. All these cases were linked to healthcare settings, and 25 (13.5 %) infected patients were healthcare workers. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the MERS-CoV isolate found in the Korean patient was closely related to the Qatar strain, and did not harbor transmission efficiency-improving mutations. Nevertheless, with the same infecting virus strain, Korea experienced the largest MERS-CoV outbreak outside the Arabian Peninsula, primarily due to the different characteristics of population density and the healthcare system. We aimed to review the epidemiological features and existing knowledge on the Korean MERS outbreak, and suggest methods to prevent future epidemics.",2016,Jun,Infection & chemotherapy,48,2,75-80,,10.3947/ic.2016.48.2.75,27433377,#2368,Jeon 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-10-31 08:21:40)(Select): useful superspreading South Korea review sumamry; ,review; useful +"Imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection from Oman to Thailand, June 2015.",Plipat T.; Buathong R.; Wacharapluesadee S.; Siriarayapon P.; Pittayawonganon C.; Sangsajja C.; Kaewpom T.; Petcharat S.; Ponpinit T.; Jumpasri J.; Joyjinda Y.; Rodpan A.; Ghai S.; Jittmittraphap A.; Khongwichit S.; Smith DR.; Corman VM.; Drosten C.; Hemachudha T.,"Thailand reported the first Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) case on 18 June 2015 (day 4) in an Omani patient with heart condition who was diagnosed with pneumonia on hospital admission on 15 June 2015 (day 1). Two false negative RT-PCR on upper respiratory tract samples on days 2 and 3 led to a 48-hour diagnosis delay and a decision to transfer the patient out of the negative pressure unit (NPU). Subsequent examination of sputum later on day 3 confirmed MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. The patient was immediately moved back into the NPU and then transferred to Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute. Over 170 contacts were traced; 48 were quarantined and 122 self-monitored for symptoms. High-risk close contacts exhibiting no symptoms, and whose laboratory testing on the 12th day after exposure was negative, were released on the 14th day. The Omani Ministry of Health (MOH) was immediately notified using the International Health Regulation (IHR) mechanism. Outbreak investigation was conducted in Oman, and was both published on the World Health Organization (WHO) intranet and shared with Thailand's IHR focal point. The key to successful infection control, with no secondary transmission, were the collaborative efforts among hospitals, laboratories and MOHs of both countries.",2017,Aug,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,22,33,,,10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.33.30598,28840828,#2370,Plipat 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:40:04)(Select): only one case?; ,"" +The global spread of Middle East respiratory syndrome: an analysis fusing traditional epidemiological tracing and molecular phylodynamics.,Min J.; Cella E.; Ciccozzi M.; Pelosi A.; Salemi M.; Prosperi M.,"Since its discovery in 2012, over 1700 confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) have been documented worldwide and more than a third of those cases have died. While the greatest number of cases has occurred in Saudi Arabia, the recent export of MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to Republic of Korea showed that a pandemic is a possibility that cannot be ignored. Due to the deficit of knowledge in transmission methodology, targeted treatment and possible vaccines, understanding this virus should be a priority. Our aim was to combine epidemiological data from literature with genetic information from viruses sequenced around the world to present a phylodynamic picture of MERS spread molecular level to global scale. We performed a qualitative meta-analysis of all laboratory confirmed cases worldwide to date based on literature, with emphasis on international transmission and healthcare associated infections. In parallel, we used publicly available MERS-CoV genomes from GenBank to create a phylogeographic tree, detailing geospatial timeline of viral evolution. Several healthcare associated outbreaks starting with the retrospectively identified hospital outbreak in Jordan to the most recent outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have occurred. MERS has also crossed many oceans, entering multiple nations in eight waves between 2012 and 2015. In this paper, the spatiotemporal history of MERS cases, as documented epidemiologically, was examined by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Distribution of sequences into geographic clusters and interleaving of MERS-CoV sequences from camels among those isolated from humans indicated that multiple zoonotic introductions occurred in endemic nations. We also report a summary of basic reproduction numbers for MERS-CoV in humans and camels. Together, these analyses can help us identify factors associated with viral evolution and spread as well as establish efficacy of infection control measures. The results are especially pertinent to countries without current MERS-CoV endemic, since their unfamiliarity makes them particularly susceptible to uncontrollable spread of a virus that may be imported by travelers.",2016,,Global health research and policy,1,,14,,10.1186/s41256-016-0014-7,29202063,#2372,Min 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-11-09 00:04:31)(Select): review but systematic and with analysis; ,review; useful +Human-Dromedary Camel Interactions and the Risk of Acquiring Zoonotic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection.,Gossner C.; Danielson N.; Gervelmeyer A.; Berthe F.; Faye B.; Kaasik Aaslav K.; Adlhoch C.; Zeller H.; Penttinen P.; Coulombier D.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases without documented contact with another human MERS-CoV case make up 61% (517/853) of all reported cases. These primary cases are of particular interest for understanding the source(s) and route(s) of transmission and for designing long-term disease control measures. Dromedary camels are the only animal species for which there is convincing evidence that it is a host species for MERS-CoV and hence a potential source of human infections. However, only a small proportion of the primary cases have reported contact with camels. Other possible sources and vehicles of infection include food-borne transmission through consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and raw meat, medicinal use of camel urine and zoonotic transmission from other species. There are critical knowledge gaps around this new disease which can only be closed through traditional field epidemiological investigations and studies designed to test hypothesis regarding sources of infection and risk factors for disease. Since the 1960s, there has been a radical change in dromedary camel farming practices in the Arabian Peninsula with an intensification of the production and a concentration of the production around cities. It is possible that the recent intensification of camel herding in the Arabian Peninsula has increased the virus' reproductive number and attack rate in camel herds while the 'urbanization' of camel herding increased the frequency of zoonotic 'spillover' infections from camels to humans. It is reasonable to assume, although difficult to measure, that the sensitivity of public health surveillance to detect previously unknown diseases is lower in East Africa than in Saudi Arabia and that sporadic human cases may have gone undetected there.",2016,Feb,Zoonoses and public health,63,1,1-9,,10.1111/zph.12171,25545147,#2376,Gossner 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus on inanimate surfaces: A risk for health care transmission.,Khan RM.; Al-Dorzi HM.; Al Johani S.; Balkhy HH.; Alenazi TH.; Baharoon S.; Arabi YM.,"The Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been responsible for multiple health care-associated outbreaks. We investigated whether high-touch surfaces in 3 rooms of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV patients were contaminated with MERS-CoV RNA. We found 2 out of 51 surfaces were contaminated with MERS-CoV viral genetic material. Hence, environmental contamination may be a potential source of health care transmission and outbreaks. Meticulous environmental cleaning may be important in preventing transmission within the health care setting.",2016,11,American journal of infection control,44,11,1387-1389,,10.1016/j.ajic.2016.05.006,27339792,#2377,Khan 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Epidemiology of a Novel Recombinant Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Humans in Saudi Arabia.,Assiri AM.; Midgley CM.; Abedi GR.; Bin Saeed A.; Almasri MM.; Lu X.; Al-Abdely HM.; Abdalla O.; Mohammed M.; Algarni HS.; Alhakeem RF.; Sakthivel SK.; Nooh R.; Alshayab Z.; Alessa M.; Srinivasamoorthy G.; AlQahtani SY.; Kheyami A.; HajOmar WH.; Banaser TM.; Esmaeel A.; Hall AJ.; Curns AT.; Tamin A.; Alsharef AA.; Erdman D.; Watson JT.; Gerber SI.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness in humans. Fundamental questions about circulating viruses and transmission routes remain. We assessed routinely collected epidemiologic data for MERS-CoV cases reported in Saudi Arabia during 1 January-30 June 2015 and conducted a more detailed investigation of cases reported during February 2015. Available respiratory specimens were obtained for sequencing. During the study period, 216 MERS-CoV cases were reported. Full genome (n = 17) or spike gene sequences (n = 82) were obtained from 99 individuals. Most sequences (72 of 99 [73%]) formed a discrete, novel recombinant subclade (NRC-2015), which was detected in 6 regions and became predominant by June 2015. No clinical differences were noted between clades. Among 87 cases reported during February 2015, 13 had no recognized risks for secondary acquisition; 12 of these 13 also denied camel contact. Most viruses (8 of 9) from these 13 individuals belonged to NRC-2015. Our findings document the spread and eventual predominance of NRC-2015 in humans in Saudi Arabia during the first half of 2015. Our identification of cases without recognized risk factors but with similar virus sequences indicates the need for better understanding of risk factors for MERS-CoV transmission.",2016,09,The Journal of infectious diseases,214,5,712-21,,10.1093/infdis/jiw236,27302191,#2383,Assiri 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-21 19:00:48)(Select): phylo?; ,"" +"Follow-up of Contacts of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Infected Returning Travelers, the Netherlands, 2014.",Mollers M.; Jonges M.; Pas SD.; van der Eijk AA.; Dirksen K.; Jansen C.; Gelinck LB.; Leyten EM.; Thurkow I.; Groeneveld PH.; van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB.; Koopmans MP.; Timen A.; .,Notification of 2 imported cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the Netherlands triggered comprehensive monitoring of contacts. Observed low rates of virus transmission and the psychological effect of contact monitoring indicate that thoughtful assessment of close contacts is prudent and must be guided by clinical and epidemiologic risk factors.,2015,Sep,Emerging infectious diseases,21,9,1667-9,,10.3201/eid2109.150560,26291986,#2390,Mollers 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Characteristics of Traveler with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, China, 2015.",Guan WD.; Mok CK.; Chen ZL.; Feng LQ.; Li ZT.; Huang JC.; Ke CW.; Deng X.; Ling Y.; Wu SG.; Niu XF.; Perera RA.; Da Xu Y.; Zhao J.; Zhang LQ.; Li YM.; Chen RC.; Peiris M.; Chen L.; Zhong NS.,,2015,Dec,Emerging infectious diseases,21,12,2278-80,,10.3201/eid2112.151232,26583433,#2399,Guan 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is rare in children: An update from Saudi Arabia.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Kattan RF.; Memish ZA.,"To summarize the reported Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases, the associated clinical presentations and the outcomes. We searched the Saudi Ministry of Health website, the World Health Organization website, and the Flutracker website. We also searched MEDLINE and PubMed for the keywords: Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, MERS-CoV in combination with pediatric, children, childhood, infancy and pregnancy from the initial discovery of the virus in 2012 to 2016. The retrieved articles were also read to further find other articles. Relevant data were placed into an excel sheet and analyzed accordingly. Descriptive analytic statistics were used in the final analysis as deemed necessary. From June 2012 to April 19, 2016, there were a total of 31 pediatric MERS-CoV cases. Of these cases 13 (42%) were asymptomatic and the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The mean age of patients was 9.8 ± 5.4 years. Twenty-five (80.6%) of the cases were reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most common source of infection was household contact (10 of 15 with reported source) and 5 patients acquired infection within a health care facility. Using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of pediatric patients revealed that 9 out of 552 (1.6%) was positive in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Utilizing serology for MERS-CoV infection in Jordan and Saudi Arabia did not reveal any positive patients. Thus, the number of the pediatric MERS-CoV is low; the exact reason for the low prevalence of the disease in children is not known.",2016,Nov,World journal of clinical pediatrics,5,4,391-396,,10.5409/wjcp.v5.i4.391,27872828,#2400,Al-Tawfiq 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): what lessons can we learn?,Omrani AS.; Shalhoub S.,"The Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first isolated from a patient who died with severe pneumonia in June 2012. As of 19 June 2015, a total of 1,338 MERS-CoV infections have been notified to the World Health Organization (WHO). Clinical illness associated with MERS-CoV ranges from mild upper respiratory symptoms to rapidly progressive pneumonia and multi-organ failure. A significant proportion of patients present with non-respiratory symptoms such as headache, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhoea. A few potential therapeutic agents have been identified but none have been conclusively shown to be clinically effective. Human to human transmission is well documented, but the epidemic potential of MERS-CoV remains limited at present. Healthcare-associated clusters of MERS-CoV have been responsible for the majority of reported cases. The largest outbreaks have been driven by delayed diagnosis, overcrowding and poor infection control practices. However, chains of MERS-CoV transmission can be readily interrupted with implementation of appropriate control measures. As with any emerging infectious disease, guidelines for MERS-CoV case identification and surveillance evolved as new data became available. Sound clinical judgment is required to identify unusual presentations and trigger appropriate control precautions. Evidence from multiple sources implicates dromedary camels as natural hosts of MERS-CoV. Camel to human transmission has been demonstrated, but the exact mechanism of infection remains uncertain. The ubiquitously available social media have facilitated communication and networking amongst healthcare professionals and eventually proved to be important channels for presenting the public with factual material, timely updates and relevant advice.",2015,Nov,The Journal of hospital infection,91,3,188-96,,10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.002,26452615,#2401,Omrani 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus for humans and camels.,Alharbi NK.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is caused by a novel betacoronavirus that was isolated in late 2012 in Saudi Arabia. The viral infections have been reported in more than 1700 humans, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe pneumonia with a mortality rate of 40%. It is well documented now that dromedary camels contract the infection and shed the virus without notable symptoms, and such animals had been infected by at least the early 1980s. The mechanism of camel to human transmission is still not clear, but several primary cases have been associated with camel contact. There is no approved antiviral drug or vaccine against MERS-CoV despite the active research in this area. Vaccine candidates have been developed using various platforms and regimens and have been tested in several animal models. Here, this article reviews the published studies on MERS-CoV vaccines with more focus on vaccines tested in large animals, including camels. It is foreseeable that the 1-health approach could be the best way of tackling the MERS-CoV endemic in the Arabian Peninsula, by using the mass vaccination of camels in the affected areas to block camel to human transmission. Camel vaccines can be developed in a faster time with fewer regulations and lower costs and could clear this virus from the Arabian Peninsula if accompanied by efficient public health measures.",2017,03,Reviews in medical virology,27,2,,,10.1002/rmv.1917,27786402,#2403,Alharbi 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention; useful +The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - A Continuing Risk to Global Health Security.,Azhar EI.; Lanini S.; Ippolito G.; Zumla A.,"Two new zoonotic coronaviruses causing disease in humans (Zumla et al. 2015a; Hui and Zumla 2015; Peiris et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2014) have been the focus of international attention for the past 14 years due to their epidemic potential; (1) The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (Peiris et al. 2003) first discovered in China in 2001 caused a major global epidemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). (2) The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a new corona virus isolated for the first time in a patients who died of severe lower respiratory tract infection in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) in June 2012 (Zaki et al. 2012). The disease has been named Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and it has remained on the radar of global public health authorities because of recurrent nosocomial and community outbreaks, and its association with severe disease and high mortality rates (Assiri et al. 2013a; Al-Abdallat et al. 2014; Memish et al. 2013a; Oboho et al. 2015; The WHO MERS-CoV Research Group 2013; Cotten et al. 2013a; Assiri et al. 2013b; Memish et al. 2013b; Azhar et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2015; Hui et al. 2015a). Cases of MERS have been reported from all continents and have been linked with travel to the Middle East (Hui et al. 2015a; WHO 2015c). The World Health Organization (WHO) have held nine meetings of the Emergency Committee (EC) convened by the Director-General under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) regarding MERS-CoV (WHO 2015c). There is wishful anticipation in the political and scientific communities that MERS-CoV like SARS-CoV will disappear with time. However it's been nearly 4 years since the first discovery of MERS-CoV, and MERS cases continue to be reported throughout the year from the Middle East (WHO 2015c). There is a large MERS-CoV camel reservoir, and there is no specific treatment or vaccine (Zumla et al. 2015a). With 10 million people visiting Saudi Arabia every year for Umrah and/or Hajj, the potential risk of global spread is ever present (Memish et al. 2014a; McCloskey et al. 2014; Al-Tawfiq et al. 2014a).",2017,,Advances in experimental medicine and biology,972,,49-60,,10.1007/5584_2016_133,27966107,#2407,Azhar 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:21:51)(Select): can't seem to get past paywall https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/5584_2016_133; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND; review +Middle East respiratory syndrome: what we learned from the 2015 outbreak in the Republic of Korea.,Oh MD.; Park WB.; Park SW.; Choe PG.; Bang JH.; Song KH.; Kim ES.; Kim HB.; Kim NJ.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first isolated from a patient with severe pneumonia in 2012. The 2015 Korea outbreak of MERSCoV involved 186 cases, including 38 fatalities. A total of 83% of transmission events were due to five superspreaders, and 44% of the 186 MERS cases were the patients who had been exposed in nosocomial transmission at 16 hospitals. The epidemic lasted for 2 months and the government quarantined 16,993 individuals for 14 days to control the outbreak. This outbreak provides a unique opportunity to fill the gap in our knowledge of MERS-CoV infection. Therefore, in this paper, we review the literature on epidemiology, virology, clinical features, and prevention of MERS-CoV, which were acquired from the 2015 Korea outbreak of MERSCoV.",2018,03,The Korean journal of internal medicine,33,2,233-246,,10.3904/kjim.2018.031,29506344,#2411,Oh 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS CoV): The next steps.,Joseph I.,"Developing countries are at risk of importing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS CoV) from the Middle East. Hospitals in the Middle East currently reporting the disease are staffed by immigrants. In the current hot spots for MERS CoV a sizeable portion of the population is from other countries, but many of these countries have yet to detect any importation of MERS CoV. To assess the disease transmission in these countries, supplemental surveillance strategies are urgently needed beyond the currently recommended measures. A few strategies to address the situation are: (i) improving preparedness with enhanced surveillance in particular regions; (ii) targeting certain sentinel groups for surveillance in hot spots; and (iii) limited use of serosurveillance. Recovered, immune patients can be employed to give patient care during outbreaks.",2015,Aug,Journal of public health policy,36,3,318-23,,10.1057/jphp.2015.9,25811387,#2414,Joseph 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 03:04:24)(Select): have hard copy from the british library; ,FULL TEXT PAYWALL; on list for library; review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current knowledge and future considerations.,Malik M.; Elkholy AA.; Khan W.; Hassounah S.; Abubakar A.; Minh NT.; Mala P.,"A literature review of publically available information was undertaken to summarize current understanding and gaps in knowledge about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including its origin, transmission, effective control measures and management. Major databases were searched and relevant published papers and reports during 2012-2015 were reviewed. Of the 2520 publications initially retrieved, 164 were deemed relevant. The collected results suggest that much remains to be discovered about MERS-CoV. Improved surveillance, epidemiological research and development of new therapies and vaccines are important, and the momentum of recent gains in terms of better understanding of disease patterns should be maintained to enable the global community to answer the remaining questions about this disease.",2016,Oct,Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit,22,7,537-546,,,27714748,#2415,Malik 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Antibody Response and Disease Severity in Healthcare Worker MERS Survivors.,Alshukairi AN.; Khalid I.; Ahmed WA.; Dada AM.; Bayumi DT.; Malic LS.; Althawadi S.; Ignacio K.; Alsalmi HS.; Al-Abdely HM.; Wali GY.; Qushmaq IA.; Alraddadi BM.; Perlman S.,"We studied antibody response in 9 healthcare workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, who survived Middle East respiratory syndrome, by using serial ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay testing. Among patients who had experienced severe pneumonia, antibody was detected for >18 months after infection. Antibody longevity was more variable in patients who had experienced milder disease.",2016,06,Emerging infectious diseases,22,6,,,10.3201/eid2206.160010,27192543,#2416,Alshukairi 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:26:39)(Select): for other pathogens we haven't cared about serology post-outbreak too much. Agreed that it's interesting but doesn't fall under our area of study; Amy Dighe (2019-10-16 00:59:40)(Select): duration of Abs doesn't fall under our measures of interest - but it's interesting?; ,useful +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Omrani AS.; Memish ZA.,"The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 brought back memories of the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. More than 1500 MERS-CoV cases were recorded in 42 months with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cases of SARS-CoV were confirmed in six months with a CFR of 10%. The clinical presentation of MERS-CoV ranges from mild and non-specific presentation to progressive and severe pneumonia. No predictive signs or symptoms exist to differentiate MERS-CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was observed in transmission. Most MERS-CoV cases were secondary to large outbreaks in healthcare settings. These cases were secondary to community-acquired cases, which may also cause family outbreaks. Travel-associated MERS infection remains low. However, the virus exhibited a clear tendency to cause large outbreaks outside the Arabian Peninsula as exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MERS-CoV and highlight travel-related issues.",2016,Jun,Frontiers of medicine,10,2,111-9,,10.1007/s11684-016-0446-y,27146399,#2431,Al-Tawfiq 2016,"Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-14 04:06:15)(Select): review? +; ",review +MERS-coronavirus: From discovery to intervention.,Widagdo W.; Okba NMA.; Stalin Raj V.; Haagmans BL.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) still causes outbreaks despite public awareness and implementation of health care measures, such as rapid viral diagnosis and patient quarantine. Here we describe the current epidemiological picture of MERS-CoV, focusing on humans and animals affected by this virus and propose specific intervention strategies that would be appropriate to control MERS-CoV. One-third of MERS-CoV patients develop severe lower respiratory tract infection and succumb to a fatal outcome; these patients would require effective therapeutic antiviral therapy. Because of the lack of such intervention strategies, supportive care is the best that can be offered at the moment. Limiting viral spread from symptomatic human cases to health care workers and family members, on the other hand, could be achieved through prophylactic administration of MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. To ultimately prevent spread of the virus into the human population, however, vaccination of dromedary camels - currently the only confirmed animal host for MERS-CoV - may be the best option to achieve a sustained drop in human MERS cases in time. In the end, a One Health approach combining all these different efforts is needed to tackle this zoonotic outbreak.",2017,Jun,"One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)",3,,11-16,,10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.12.001,28616497,#2437,Widagdo 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Influenza is more common than Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among hospitalized adult Saudi patients.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Rabaan AA.; Hinedi K.,"Since the initial description of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), we adopted a systematic process of screening patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia. Here, we report the result of the surveillance activity in a general hospital in Saudi Arabia over a four year period. All admitted patients with community acquired pneumonia from 2012 to 2016 were tested for MERS-CoV. In addition, testing for influenza viruses was carried out starting April 2015. During the study period, a total of 2657 patients were screened for MERS-CoV and only 20 (0.74%) tested positive. From January 2015 to December 2016, a total of 1644 patients were tested for both MERS-CoV and influenza. None of the patients tested positive for MERS-CoV and 271 (16.4%) were positive for influenza. The detected influenza viruses were Influenza A (107, 6.5%), pandemic 2009 H1N1 (n = 120, 7.3%), and Influenza B (n = 44, 2.7%). Pandemic H1N1 was the most common influenza in 2015 with a peak in peaked October to December and influenza A other than H1N1 was more common in 2016 with a peak in August and then October to December. MERS-CoV was a rare cause of community acquired pneumonia and other viral causes including influenza were much more common. Thus, admitted patients are potentially manageable with Oseltamivir or Zanamivir therapy.",,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,20,,56-60,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.004,29031867,#2445,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Isolation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from a Patient of the 2015 Korean Outbreak.,Park WB.; Kwon NJ.; Choe PG.; Choi SJ.; Oh HS.; Lee SM.; Chong H.; Kim JI.; Song KH.; Bang JH.; Kim ES.; Kim HB.; Park SW.; Kim NJ.; Oh MD.,"During the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Korea, 186 persons were infected, resulting in 38 fatalities. We isolated MERS-CoV from the oropharyngeal sample obtained from a patient of the outbreak. Cytopathic effects showing detachment and rounding of cells were observed in Vero cell cultures 3 days after inoculation of the sample. Spherical virus particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Full-length genome sequence of the virus isolate was obtained and phylogenetic analyses showed that it clustered with clade B of MERS-CoV.",2016,Feb,Journal of Korean medical science,31,2,315-20,,10.3346/jkms.2016.31.2.315,26839489,#2447,Park 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Persistence of Antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,Payne DC.; Iblan I.; Rha B.; Alqasrawi S.; Haddadin A.; Al Nsour M.; Alsanouri T.; Ali SS.; Harcourt J.; Miao C.; Tamin A.; Gerber SI.; Haynes LM.; Al Abdallat MM.,"To determine how long antibodies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus persist, we measured long-term antibody responses among persons serologically positive or indeterminate after a 2012 outbreak in Jordan. Antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, were detectable in 6 (86%) of 7 persons for at least 34 months after the outbreak.",2016,10,Emerging infectious diseases,22,10,1824-6,,10.3201/eid2210.160706,27332149,#2455,Payne 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-14 03:46:36)(Select): 7 cases; ,"" +Cross-sectional study of MERS-CoV-specific RNA and antibodies in animals that have had contact with MERS patients in Saudi Arabia.,Kasem S.; Qasim I.; Al-Hufofi A.; Hashim O.; Alkarar A.; Abu-Obeida A.; Gaafer A.; Elfadil A.; Zaki A.; Al-Romaihi A.; Babekr N.; El-Harby N.; Hussien R.; Al-Sahaf A.; Al-Doweriej A.; Bayoumi F.; Poon LLM.; Chu DKW.; Peiris M.; Perera RAPM.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerged coronavirus that is associated with a severe respiratory disease in humans in the Middle East. The epidemiological profiles of the MERS-CoV infections suggest zoonotic transmission from an animal reservoir to humans. This study was designed to investigate animal herds associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-infected patients in Saudi Arabia, during the last three years (2014-2016). Nasal swabs and serum samples from 584 dromedary camels, 39 sheep, 51 goats, and 2 cattle were collected. Nasal samples from camels, sheep, goats, and cattle were examined by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to detect MERS-CoV RNA, and the Anti-MERS ELISA assay was performed to detect camel humeral immune response (IgG) to MERS-CoV S1 antigen infection. The complete genome sequencing of ten MERS-CoV camel isolates and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The data indicated that seventy-five dromedary camels were positive for MERS-CoV RNA; the virus was not detected in sheep, goats, and cattle. MERS-CoV RNA from infected camels was not detected beyond 2 weeks after the first positive result was detected in nasal swabs obtained from infected camels. Anti-MERS ELISA assays showed that 70.9% of camels related to human cases had antibodies to MERS-CoV. The full genome sequences of the ten MERS-CoV camel isolates were identical to their corresponding patients and were grouped together within the larger MERS-CoV sequences cluster for human and camel isolates reported form the Arabian Peninsula. These findings indicate that camels are a significant reservoir for the maintenance of MERS-CoVs, and they are an important source of human infection with MERS.",,,Journal of infection and public health,11,3,331-338,,10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.022,28993171,#2458,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Healthcare-associated infections: the hallmark of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus with review of the literature.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Auwaerter PG.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is capable of causing acute respiratory illness. Laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases may be asymptomatic, have mild disease, or have a life-threatening infection with a high case fatality rate. There are three patterns of transmission: sporadic community cases from presumed non-human exposure, family clusters arising from contact with an infected family index case, and healthcare-acquired infections among patients and from patients to healthcare workers. Healthcare-acquired MERS infection has become a well-known characteristic of the disease and a leading means of spread. The main factors contributing to healthcare-associated outbreaks include delayed recognition, inadequate infection control measures, inadequate triaging and isolation of suspected MERS or other respiratory illness patients, crowding, and patients remaining in the emergency department for many days. A review of the literature suggests that effective control of hospital outbreaks was accomplished in most instances by the application of proper infection control procedures. Prompt recognition, isolation and management of suspected cases are key factors for prevention of the spread of MERS. Repeated assessments of infection control and monitoring of corrective measures contribute to changing the course of an outbreak. Limiting the number of contacts and hospital visits are also important factors to decrease the spread of infection.",2019,Jan,The Journal of hospital infection,101,1,20-29,,10.1016/j.jhin.2018.05.021,29864486,#2460,Al-Tawfiq 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-10-03 01:46:49)(Select): has a list of hospital based outbreaks with size etc; ,review +Genomics and zoonotic infections: Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Wernery U.; Lau SK.; Woo PC.,"The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the discovery of MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 suggests that another SARS-like epidemic is occurring. Unlike the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, which rapidly disappeared in less than one year, MERS has persisted for over three years. More than 1,600 cases of MERS have been reported worldwide, and the disease carries a worryingly high fatality rate of >30%. A total of 182 MERS-CoV genomes have been sequenced, including 94 from humans and 88 from dromedary camels. The 182 genomes all share >99% identity, indicating minimal variation among MERS-CoV genomes. MERS-CoV is a lineage C Betacoronavirus (ßCoV). MERS-CoV genomes can be roughly divided into two clades: clade A, which contains only a few strains, and clade B, to which most strains belong. In contrast to ORF1ab and structural proteins, the putative proteins encoded by ORF3, ORF4a, ORF4b, ORF5 and ORF8b in the MERS-CoV genome do not share homology with any known host or virus protein, other than those of its closely related lineage C ßCoVs. Human and dromedary viral genomes have intermingled, indicating that multiple camel-to-human transmission events have occurred. The multiple origins of MERS-CoV suggest that the virus has been resident in dromedaries for many years. This is consistent with the detection of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels as early as the 1980s.",2016,Apr,Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics),35,1,191-202,,10.20506/rst.35.1.2427,27217178,#2463,Wernery 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis.,Badawi A.; Ryoo SG.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with life-threatening severe illnesses and a mortality rate of approximately 35%, particularly in patients with underlying comorbidities. A systematic analysis of 637 MERS-CoV cases suggests that diabetes and hypertension are equally prevalent in approximately 50% of the patients. Cardiac diseases are present in 30% and obesity in 16% of the cases. These conditions down-regulate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and impair the host's innate and humoral immune systems. In conclusion, protection against MERS-CoV and other respiratory infections can be improved if public health vaccination strategies are tailored to target persons with chronic disorders.",2016,Aug,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,49,,129-33,,10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.015,27352628,#2466,Badawi 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention; review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).,Rasmussen SA.; Watson AK.; Swerdlow DL.,"Since the identification of the first patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, over 1,600 cases have been reported as of February 2016. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia or in other countries on or near the Arabian Peninsula, but travel-associated cases have also been seen in countries outside the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV causes a severe respiratory illness in many patients, with a case fatality rate as high as 40%, although when contacts are investigated, a significant proportion of patients are asymptomatic or only have mild symptoms. At this time, no vaccines or treatments are available. Epidemiological and other data suggest that the source of most primary cases is exposure to camels. Person-to-person transmission occurs in household and health care settings, although sustained and efficient person-to-person transmission has not been observed. Strict adherence to infection control recommendations has been associated with control of previous outbreaks. Vigilance is needed because genomic changes in MERS-CoV could result in increased transmissibility, similar to what was seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).",2016,06,Microbiology spectrum,4,3,,,10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0020-2016,27337460,#2467,Rasmussen 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-07-29 21:29:21)(Select): https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555819453.chap4 yes - chapter behind paywall; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-11 21:09:22)(Select): book ?; ,FULL TEXT PAYWALL; review +"Acute middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in livestock Dromedaries, Dubai, 2014.",Wernery U.; Corman VM.; Wong EY.; Tsang AK.; Muth D.; Lau SK.; Khazanehdari K.; Zirkel F.; Ali M.; Nagy P.; Juhasz J.; Wernery R.; Joseph S.; Syriac G.; Elizabeth SK.; Patteril NA.; Woo PC.; Drosten C.,"Camels carry Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, but little is known about infection age or prevalence. We studied >800 dromedaries of all ages and 15 mother-calf pairs. This syndrome constitutes an acute, epidemic, and time-limited infection in camels <4 years of age, particularly calves. Delayed social separation of calves might reduce human infection risk.",2015,Jun,Emerging infectious diseases,21,6,1019-22,,10.3201/eid2106.150038,25989145,#2468,Wernery 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-01 06:41:44)(Select): not about humans; ,Seroprevalence in animals +"MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission.",Mackay IM.; Arden KE.,"The first known cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), associated with infection by a novel coronavirus (CoV), occurred in 2012 in Jordan but were reported retrospectively. The case first to be publicly reported was from Jeddah, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Since then, MERS-CoV sequences have been found in a bat and in many dromedary camels (DC). MERS-CoV is enzootic in DC across the Arabian Peninsula and in parts of Africa, causing mild upper respiratory tract illness in its camel reservoir and sporadic, but relatively rare human infections. Precisely how virus transmits to humans remains unknown but close and lengthy exposure appears to be a requirement. The KSA is the focal point of MERS, with the majority of human cases. In humans, MERS is mostly known as a lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease involving fever, cough, breathing difficulties and pneumonia that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure and death in 20% to 40% of those infected. However, MERS-CoV has also been detected in mild and influenza-like illnesses and in those with no signs or symptoms. Older males most obviously suffer severe disease and MERS patients often have comorbidities. Compared to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), another sometimes- fatal zoonotic coronavirus disease that has since disappeared, MERS progresses more rapidly to respiratory failure and acute kidney injury (it also has an affinity for growth in kidney cells under laboratory conditions), is more frequently reported in patients with underlying disease and is more often fatal. Most human cases of MERS have been linked to lapses in infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare settings, with approximately 20% of all virus detections reported among healthcare workers (HCWs) and higher exposures in those with occupations that bring them into close contact with camels. Sero-surveys have found widespread evidence of past infection in adult camels and limited past exposure among humans. Sensitive, validated reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR)-based diagnostics have been available almost from the start of the emergence of MERS. While the basic virology of MERS-CoV has advanced over the past three years, understanding of the interplay between camel, environment, and human remains limited.",2015,Dec,Virology journal,12,,222,,10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5,26695637,#2469,Mackay 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 04:39:28)(Select): duplicate/similar published more up to date version of another study; ,review +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ""MERS-CoV"": current knowledge gaps.",Banik GR.; Khandaker G.; Rashid H.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that causes a severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans is now considered a pandemic threat to the Gulf region. Since its discovery in 2012, MERS-CoV has reached 23 countries affecting about 1100 people, including a dozen children, and claiming over 400 lives. Compared to SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), MERS-CoV appears to kill more people (40% versus 10%), more quickly, and is especially more severe in those with pre-existing medical conditions. Most MERS-CoV cases (>85%) reported thus far have a history of residence in, or travel to the Middle East. The current epidemiology is characterised by slow and sustained transmission with occasional sparks. The dromedary camel is the intermediate host of MERS-CoV, but the transmission cycle is not fully understood. In this current review, we have briefly summarised the latest information on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of MERS-CoV especially highlighting the knowledge gaps in its transmission dynamics, diagnosis and preventive strategy.",2015,Jun,Paediatric respiratory reviews,16,3,197-202,,10.1016/j.prrv.2015.04.002,26002405,#2472,Banik 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +The heptad repeat region is a major selection target in MERS-CoV and related coronaviruses.,Forni D.; Filippi G.; Cagliani R.; De Gioia L.; Pozzoli U.; Al-Daghri N.; Clerici M.; Sironi M.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) originated in bats and spread to humans via zoonotic transmission from camels. We analyzed the evolution of the spike (S) gene in betacoronaviruses (betaCoVs) isolated from different mammals, in bat coronavirus populations, as well as in MERS-CoV strains from the current outbreak. Results indicated several positively selected sites located in the region comprising the two heptad repeats (HR1 and HR2) and their linker. Two sites (R652 and V1060) were positively selected in the betaCoVs phylogeny and correspond to mutations associated with expanded host range in other coronaviruses. During the most recent evolution of MERS-CoV, adaptive mutations in the HR1 (Q/R/H1020) arose in camels or in a previous host and spread to humans. We determined that different residues at position 1020 establish distinct inter- and intra-helical interactions and affect the stability of the six-helix bundle formed by the HRs. A similar effect on stability was observed for a nearby mutation (T1015N) that increases MERS-CoV infection efficiency in vitro. Data herein indicate that the heptad repeat region was a major target of adaptive evolution in MERS-CoV-related viruses; these results are relevant for the design of fusion inhibitor peptides with antiviral function.",2015,Sep,Scientific reports,5,,14480,,10.1038/srep14480,26404138,#2477,Forni 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,phylo +Occurrence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) across the Gulf Corporation Council countries: Four years update.,Aly M.; Elrobh M.; Alzayer M.; Aljuhani S.; Balkhy H.,"The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections has become a global issue of dire concerns. MERS-CoV infections have been identified in many countries all over the world whereas high level occurrences have been documented in the Middle East and Korea. MERS-CoV is mainly spreading across the geographical region of the Middle East, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, while some imported sporadic cases were reported from the Europe, North America, Africa, and lately Asia. The prevalence of MERS-CoV infections across the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries still remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to report the prevalence of MERS-CoV in the GCC countries and to also elucidate on its demographics in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported 1,797 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection since June 2012, involving 687 deaths in 27 different countries worldwide. Within a time span of 4 years from June 2012 to July 2016, we collect samples form MERS-CoV infected individuals from National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, and Ministry of health Saudi Arabia and other GCC countries. Our data comprise a total of 1550 cases (67.1% male and 32.9% female). The age-specific prevalence and distribution of MERS-CoV was as follow: <20 yrs (36 cases: 3.28%), 20-39 yrs (331 cases: 30.15%), 40-59 yrs (314 cases: 28.60%), and the highest-risk elderly group aged ≥60 yrs (417 cases: 37.98%). The case distribution among GCC countries was as follows: Saudi Arabia (1441 cases: 93%), Kuwait (4 cases: 0.3%), Bahrain (1 case: 0.1%), Oman (8 cases: 0.5%), Qatar (16 cases: 1.0%), and United Arab Emirates (80 cases: 5.2%). Thus, MERS-CoV was found to be more prevalent in Saudi Arabia especially in Riyadh, where 756 cases (52.4%) were the worst hit area of the country identified, followed by the western region Makkah where 298 cases (20.6%) were recorded. This prevalence update indicates that the Arabian Peninsula, particularly Saudi Arabia, is the hardest hit region regarding the emerging MERS-CoV infections worldwide. GCC countries including Saudi Arabia now have the infrastructure in place that allows physicians and scientific community to identify and immediately respond to the potential risks posed by new outbreaks of MERS-CoV infections in the region. Given the continuum of emergence and the large magnitude of the disease in our region, more studies will be required to bolster capabilities for timely detection and effective control and prevention of MERS-CoV in our region.",2017,,PloS one,12,10,e0183850,,10.1371/journal.pone.0183850,29028812,#2478,Aly 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:47:53)(Select): mortality rate?; ,review +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 3 Persons, South Korea, 2015.",Yang JS.; Park S.; Kim YJ.; Kang HJ.; Kim H.; Han YW.; Lee HS.; Kim DW.; Kim AR.; Heo DR.; Kim JA.; Kim SJ.; Nam JG.; Jung HD.; Cheong HM.; Kim K.; Lee JS.; Kim SS.,"In May 2015, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was laboratory confirmed in South Korea. Patients were a man who had visited the Middle East, his wife, and a man who shared a hospital room with the index patient. Rapid laboratory confirmation will facilitate subsequent prevention and control for imported cases.",2015,Nov,Emerging infectious diseases,21,11,2084-7,,10.3201/eid2111.151016,26488745,#2481,Yang 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +"Hematologic, hepatic, and renal function changes in hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.",Al-Tawfiq JA.; Hinedi K.; Abbasi S.; Babiker M.; Sunji A.; Eltigani M.,"There are no longitudinal data on the changes in hematologic, hepatic, and renal function findings in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. This is a retrospective cohort study of 16 MERS-CoV patients, to describe the hematological, hepatic, and renal findings of patients with MERS-CoV. During the 21 days of observation, there was no significant change in the hepatic panel or creatinine tests. There was a significant increase in the mean ± SD of the white blood cell count from 8.3 ± 4.6 to 14.53 ± 7 (P value = 0.001) and an increase in mean ± SD of the absolute neutrophil count from 6.33 ± 4.2 to 12 ± 5.5 (P value = 0.015). Leukocytosis was observed in 31% (5/16) of the patients on day 1 and in 80% (4/5) on day 21. Transient leukopenia developed in 6% (1/16) of the patients on day 1 and in 13% (1/8) on day 8. None of the patients had neutropenia. Lymphopenia was a prominent feature with a rate of 44% (7/16) of the patients on day 1 and 60% (3/5) on day 21. Lymphocytosis was not a feature of MERS-CoV infection. Thrombocytopenia developed in 31% (5/16) of the patients on day 1 and 40% (2/5) on day 21. Thrombocytosis was not a prominent feature and was observed in 6% (1/16) of the patients on day 1 and 17% (1/6) on day 9. Patients with MERS-CoV infection showed variable hematologic parameters over time. Lymphocytosis and neutropenia were not features of MERS-CoV infection.",2017,Jun,International journal of laboratory hematology,39,3,272-278,,10.1111/ijlh.12620,28444873,#2484,Al-Tawfiq 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Objective Determination of End of MERS Outbreak, South Korea, 2015.",Nishiura H.; Miyamatsu Y.; Mizumoto K.,,2016,Jan,Emerging infectious diseases,22,1,146-8,,10.3201/eid2201.151383,26689765,#2485,Nishiura 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:14:50)(Select): no parameters?; ,"" +The Same Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) yet Different Outbreak Patterns and Public Health Impacts on the Far East Expert Opinion from the Rapid Response Team of the Republic of Korea., .,"A Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak, the largest outbreak outside the Middle East in 2012, occurred in the Republic of Korea and resulted in a large number of cases, with 186 infected people, including 38 deaths. A Rapid Response Team (RRT) was appointed after a request from the Korean government on June 8, 2015 calling for specialists to manage and control the MERS-CoV outbreak. This report presents the opinion of the RRT who worked to manage this healthcare-associated MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea.",2015,Dec,Infection & chemotherapy,47,4,247-51,,10.3947/ic.2015.47.4.247,26788408,#2491,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Prevalence of Diabetes in the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,Badawi A.; Ryoo SG.,"Over the past two decades a number of severe acute respiratory infection outbreaks such as the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have emerged and presented a considerable global public health threat. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are more susceptible to these conditions. However, the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 and MERS-CoV has not been systematically described. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports documenting the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 and MERS-CoV and compare its frequency in the two viral conditions. Meta-analysis for the proportions of subjects with diabetes was carried out in 29 studies for H1N1 (n=92,948) and 9 for MERS-CoV (n=308). Average age of H1N1 patients (36.2±6.0 years) was significantly younger than that of subjects with MERS-CoV (54.3±7.4 years, P<0.05). Compared to MERS-CoV patients, subjects with H1N1 exhibited 3-fold lower frequency of cardiovascular diseases and 2- and 4-fold higher prevalence of obesity and immunosuppression, respectively. The overall prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 was 14.6% (95% CI: 12.3-17.0%; P<0.001), a 3.6-fold lower than in MERS-CoV (54.4%; 95% CI: 29.4-79.5; P<0.001). The prevalence of diabetes among H1N1 cases from Asia and North America was ~two-fold higher than those from South America and Europe. The prevalence of diabetes in MERS-CoV cases is higher than in H1N1. Regional comparisons suggest that an etiologic role of diabetes in MERS-CoV may exist distinctive from that in H1N1.",2016,Dec,Journal of public health research,5,3,733,,10.4081/jphr.2016.733,28083520,#2493,Badawi 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention; review +"Kinetics of Serologic Responses to MERS Coronavirus Infection in Humans, South Korea.",Park WB.; Perera RA.; Choe PG.; Lau EH.; Choi SJ.; Chun JY.; Oh HS.; Song KH.; Bang JH.; Kim ES.; Kim HB.; Park SW.; Kim NJ.; Man Poon LL.; Peiris M.; Oh MD.,"We investigated the kinetics of serologic responses to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection by using virus neutralization and MERS-CoV S1 IgG ELISA tests. In most patients, robust antibody responses developed by the third week of illness. Delayed antibody responses with the neutralization test were associated with more severe disease.",2015,Dec,Emerging infectious diseases,21,12,2186-9,,10.3201/eid2112.151421,26583829,#2499,Park 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-13 00:55:05)(Select): no straight-up numbers with mean etc from illness onset to testing; ,"" +"Imported case of MERS-CoV infection identified in China, May 2015: detection and lesson learned.",Wu J.; Yi L.; Zou L.; Zhong H.; Liang L.; Song T.; Song Y.; Su J.; Ke C.,"At the end of May 2015, an imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was confirmed in China. The patient is in a stable condition and is still undergoing treatment. In this report, we summarise the preliminary findings for this imported case and the results of contact tracing. We identified 78 close contacts and after 14 days of monitoring and isolation, none of the contacts presented symptoms and all tested negative for MERS-CoV.",2015,Jun,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,20,24,,,,26111235,#2505,Wu 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +The calm before the storm: clinical observations of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) patients.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Hinedi K.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection emerged in 2012. The majority of cases occurred in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the disease carries a high case fatality rate. We present three MERS-CoV cases and highlight the salient clinical features and laboratory, and radiographic characteristics. Although all nasopharyngeal samples were negative, MERS CoV infection was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the E gene (UpE) and open reading frame (ORF1b) on sputum samples. The Ct value of the ORF1 gene was 24.8-29.11. One patient had been on immune suppressive agent and two patients had diabetes mellitus. The average length of hospital stay was 10.6 days. Two patients received ribavirin and IFN-a2b in addition to supportive management. The clinical course for these patients started with a febrile period lasting five days, a reduction in fever was coinciding with increased respiratory rate and oxygen requirements. All patients were discharged home. None of the 50 contacts tested positive for MERS-CoV. Resolution of the fever was accompanied by an increase in oxygen requirements and respiratory rate also lasting several days. This was followed by resolution of all symptoms and return to normal.",2018,May,"Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)",30,3,179-182,,10.1080/1120009X.2018.1429236,29385908,#2506,Al-Tawfiq 2018,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +"[MERS-CoV, transmission and the role of new host species].",Bratanich A.,,,,Revista Argentina de microbiologia,47,4,279-81,,10.1016/j.ram.2015.11.001,26652263,#2509,,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Probable transmission chains of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the multiple generations of secondary infection in South Korea.,Lee SS.; Wong NS.,"In May 2015, South Korea reported its first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in a 68-year-old man with a history of travel in the Middle East. In the presence of secondary infections, an understanding of the transmission dynamics of the virus is crucial. The aim of this study was to characterize the transmission chains of MERS-CoV infection in the current South Korean outbreak. Individual-level data from multiple sources were collected and used for epidemiological analyses. As of July 14, 2015, 185 confirmed cases of MERS have been reported in the Korean outbreak. Three generations of secondary infection, with over half belonging to the second generation, could be delineated. Hospital infection was found to be the most important cause of virus transmission, affecting largely non-healthcare workers (154/184). Healthcare switching has probably accounted for the emergence of multiple generations of secondary infection. Fomite transmission may explain a significant proportion of the infections occurring in the absence of direct contact with infected cases. Publicly available data from multiple sources, including the media, are useful to describe the epidemic history of an outbreak. The effective control of MERS-CoV hinges on the upholding of infection control standards and an understanding of health-seeking behaviours in the community.",2015,Sep,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,38,,65-7,,10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.014,26216766,#2514,Lee 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review.,Dawson P.; Malik MR.; Parvez F.; Morse SS.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in humans in 2012. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize current knowledge and identify critical knowledge gaps. We conducted a systematic review on MERS-CoV using PRISMA guidelines. We identified 407 relevant, peer-reviewed publications and selected 208 of these based on their contributions to four key areas: virology; clinical characteristics, outcomes, therapeutic and preventive options; epidemiology and transmission; and animal interface and the search for natural hosts of MERS-CoV. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26) was identified as the human receptor for MERS-CoV, and a variety of molecular and serological assays developed. Dromedary camels remain the only documented zoonotic source of human infection, but MERS-like CoVs have been detected in bat species globally, as well as in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. However, despite evidence of camel-to-human MERS-CoV transmission and cases apparently related to camel contact, the source of many primary cases remains unknown. There have been sustained health care-associated human outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and South Korea, the latter originating from one traveler returning from the Middle East. Transmission mechanisms are poorly understood; for health care, this may include environmental contamination. Various potential therapeutics have been identified, but not yet evaluated in human clinical trials. At least one candidate vaccine has progressed to Phase I trials. There has been substantial MERS-CoV research since 2012, but significant knowledge gaps persist, especially in epidemiology and natural history of the infection. There have been few rigorous studies of baseline prevalence, transmission, and spectrum of disease. Terms such as ""camel exposure"" and the epidemiological relationships of cases should be clearly defined and standardized. We strongly recommend a shared and accessible registry or database. Coronaviruses will likely continue to emerge, arguing for a unified ""One Health"" approach.",2019,Mar,"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)",19,3,174-192,,10.1089/vbz.2017.2191,30676269,#2517,Dawson 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +Global seasonal occurrence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection.,Nassar MS.; Bakhrebah MA.; Meo SA.; Alsuabeyl MS.; Zaher WA.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an evolving global health crisis. Despite recent efforts, there are numerous notable gaps in the understanding of MERS-CoV seasonal diversity. We aimed at investigating the global seasonal occurrence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks. We obtained the data on the prevalence and occurrence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection from the World Health Organization (WHO) for all the MERS cases reported from the various countries and their allied ministries. We also recorded the research documents published in various global scientific journals on the seasonal occurrence of MERS-CoV infection during the period 2012-2017. Worldwide 2048 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection were reported from June 2012 to the Dec 2017. 1680 (82.03%) cases were from the Saudi Arabia and 368 (17.96%) cases were reported from the other countries of the world. The maximum number of cases reported in June was 474 (23.14%). 287 (14.01%) cases were reported from Saudi Arabia and remaining 187 (9.13%) cases were reported from all over the world. The number of cases reported from April to June was 396 (19.33%) while the cases encountered from October to December were 231 (11.27%). The highest global seasonal occurrence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-MERS-CoV outbreak cases were found in the month of June, while the lowest was found in the month of January during the period of 2012 to 2017. The pattern of MERS-CoV infections has been observed to have seasonal variations. It is suggested that the health officials should highlight the seasonal occurrence of MERS-CoV outbreak and take better preventive measures to minimize the disease burden nationally and globally.",2018,Jun,European review for medical and pharmacological sciences,22,12,3913-3918,,10.26355/eurrev_201806_15276,29949167,#2520,Nassar 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Clinical management of respiratory syndrome in patients hospitalized for suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the Paris area from 2013 to 2016.,Bleibtreu A.; Jaureguiberry S.; Houhou N.; Boutolleau D.; Guillot H.; Vallois D.; Lucet JC.; Robert J.; Mourvillier B.; Delemazure J.; Jaspard M.; Lescure FX.; Rioux C.; Caumes E.; Yazdanapanah Y.,"Patients with suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection should be hospitalized in isolation wards to avoid transmission. This suspicion can also lead to medical confusion and inappropriate management of acute respiratory syndrome due to causes other than MERS-CoV. We studied the characteristics and outcome of patients hospitalized for suspected MERS-CoV infection in the isolation wards of two referral infectious disease departments in the Paris area between January 2013 and December 2016. Of 93 adult patients (49 male (52.6%), median age 63.4 years) hospitalized, 82 out of 93 adult patients had returned from Saudi Arabia, and 74 of them were pilgrims (Hajj). Chest X-ray findings were abnormal in 72 (77%) patients. The 93 patients were negative for MERS-CoV RT-PCR, and 70 (75.2%) patients had documented infection, 47 (50.5%) viral, 22 (23.6%) bacterial and one Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Microbiological analysis identified Rhinovirus (27.9%), Influenza virus (26.8%), Legionella pneumophila (7.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.5%), and non-MERS-coronavirus (6.4%). Antibiotics were initiated in 81 (87%) cases, with two antibiotics in 63 patients (67.7%). The median duration of hospitalization and isolation was 3 days (1-33) and 24 h (8-92), respectively. Time of isolation decreased over time (P < 0.01). Two patients (2%) died. The management of patients with possible MERS-CoV infection requires medical facilities with trained personnel, and rapid access to virological results. Empirical treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors and an association of antibiotics effective against S. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila are the cornerstones of the management of patients hospitalized for suspected MERS-CoV infection.",2018,Jul,BMC infectious diseases,18,1,331,,10.1186/s12879-018-3223-5,30012113,#2521,Bleibtreu 2018,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-21 22:18:24)(Select): negative MERS seropositivity in Hajj pilgrims -- include if we are interested in pilgrims as a subgroup, otherwise exclude; ","" +Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Abdrabalnabi R.; Taher A.; Mathew S.; Rahman KA.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused multiple outbreaks. Such outbreaks increase economic and infection control burdens. We studied the infection control influence of MERS-CoV using a hospital-based analysis. Our hospital had 17 positive and 82 negative cases of MERS-CoV between April 1, 2013, and June 3, 2013. The study evaluated the impact of these cases on the use of gloves, surgical masks, N95 respirators, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and soap, as well as hand hygiene compliance rates. During the study, the use of personal protective equipment during MERS-CoV compared with the period before MERS-CoV increased dramatically from 2,947.4 to 10,283.9 per 1,000 patient-days (P <.0000001) for surgical masks and from 22 to 232 per 1,000 patient-days (P <.0000001) for N95 masks. The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer and soap showed a significant increase in utilized amount (P <.0000001). Hand hygiene compliance rates increased from 73% just before the occurrence of the first MERS case to 88% during MERS cases (P = .0001). The monthly added cost was $16,400 for included infection control items. There was a significant increase in the utilization of surgical masks, respirators, soap and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Such an increase is a challenge and adds cost to the health care system.",2018,Nov,American journal of infection control,,,,,10.1016/j.ajic.2018.09.015,30502108,#2522,Al-Tawfiq 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention +"Conveyance Contact Investigation for Imported Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Cases, United States, May 2014.",Lippold SA.; Objio T.; Vonnahme L.; Washburn F.; Cohen NJ.; Chen TH.; Edelson PJ.; Gulati R.; Hale C.; Harcourt J.; Haynes L.; Jewett A.; Jungerman R.; Kohl KS.; Miao C.; Pesik N.; Regan JJ.; Roland E.; Schembri C.; Schneider E.; Tamin A.; Tatti K.; Alvarado-Ramy F.,"In 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted conveyance contact investigations for 2 Middle East respiratory syndrome cases imported into the United States, comprising all passengers and crew on 4 international and domestic flights and 1 bus. Of 655 contacts, 78% were interviewed; 33% had serologic testing. No secondary cases were identified.",2017,09,Emerging infectious diseases,23,9,1585-1589,,10.3201/eid2309.170365,28820379,#2524,Lippold 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics.",Nassar MS.; Bakhrebah MA.; Meo SA.; Alsuabeyl MS.; Zaher WA.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-(MERS-CoV) infection is an evolving worldwide health crisis. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. This study designed to discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of MERS-CoV infections. We conducted a broad search of the English-language literature in ""PubMed"" ""Medline"" ""Web of knowledge"", ""EMBASE"" and ""Google Scholar"" World Health Organization-WHO"" using the key words ""Middle East Respiratory Syndrome"", ""MERS"", ""MERS-CoV"" ""Epidemiology"" ""Transmission"" ""Pathogenesis"" ""Clinical Characteristics"". We reviewed the literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of MERS-CoV infection and the required information was documented. The global prevalence of MERS-CoV infection from June 2012 to April 2018 is 2206 people. The number of cases reported from Saudi Arabia is 1831 (83%) with mortality rate of 787 (35.67%). The main clinical manifestations are fever, chills, generalized myalgia, cough, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The age-allied prevalence of MERS-CoV was highest amongst elderly people with chronic debilitating diseases such as pulmonary diseases, end-stage renal illness, diabetes mellitus and malignancy. MERS-CoV infection is an emerging global health concern, affected people in 27 countries in the various continents. MERS-CoV infection has been identified mainly in the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Asia and North America. Early detection and management of MERS-CoV infection is of critical importance to minimize the burden of the disease.",2018,Aug,European review for medical and pharmacological sciences,22,15,4956-4961,,10.26355/eurrev_201808_15635,30070331,#2525,Nassar 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +MERS-CoV Infection in a Pregnant Woman in Korea.,Jeong SY.; Sung SI.; Sung JH.; Ahn SY.; Kang ES.; Chang YS.; Park WS.; Kim JH.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lethal respiratory disease - caused by MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first identified in 2012. Especially, pregnant women can be expected as highly vulnerable candidates for this viral infection. In May 2015, this virus was spread in Korea and a pregnant woman was confirmed with positive result of MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Her condition was improved only with conservative treatment. After a full recovery of MERS, the patient manifested abrupt vaginal bleeding with rupture of membrane. Under an impression of placenta abruption, an emergent cesarean section was performed. Our team performed many laboratory tests related to MERS-CoV and all results were negative. We report the first case of MERS-CoV infection during pregnancy occurred outside of the Middle East. Also, this case showed relatively benign maternal course which resulted in full recovery with subsequent healthy full-term delivery without MERS-CoV transmission.",2017,Oct,Journal of Korean medical science,32,10,1717-1720,,10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1717,28875620,#2536,Jeong 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Extent and implications for infection control: A systematic review.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Gautret P.,"The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 and attracted an international attention as the virus caused multiple healthcare associated outbreaks. There are reports of the role of asymptomatic individuals in the transmission of MERS-CoV, however, the exact role is not known. The MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant papers published till August 2018 describing asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection. A total of 10 papers were retrieved and included in the final analysis and review. The extent of asymptomatic MERS infection had increased with change in the policy of testing asymptomatic contacts. In early cases in April 2012-October 2013, 12.5% were asymptomatic among 144 PCR laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases while in 2014 the proportion rose to 25.1% among 255 confirmed cases. The proportion of asymptomatic cases reported among pediatric confirmed MERS-CoV cases were higher (41.9%-81.8%). Overall, the detection rate of MERS infection among asymptomatic contacts was 1-3.9% in studies included in this review. Asymptomatic individuals were less likely to have underlying condition compared to fatal cases. Of particular interest is that most of the identified pediatric cases were asymptomatic with no clear explanation. The proportion of asymptomatic MERS cases were detected with increasing frequency as the disease progressed overtime. Those patients were less likely to have comorbid disease and may contribute to the transmission of the virus.",,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,27,,27-32,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.12.003,30550839,#2538,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-10-03 01:50:39)(Select): rate of asymptomatic cases - useful; ,review; useful +"Contact Tracing for Imported Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, China, 2015.",Kang M.; Song T.; Zhong H.; Hou J.; Wang J.; Li J.; Wu J.; He J.; Lin J.; Zhang Y.,Confirmation of an imported case of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in China triggered intensive contact tracing and mandatory monitoring. Using a hotline and surveillance video footage was effective for tracing all 110 identified contacts. Contact monitoring detected no secondary transmission of infection in China.,2016,09,Emerging infectious diseases,22,9,1644-6,,10.3201/eid2209.152116,27532887,#2542,Kang 2016,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +"Surveillance and Testing for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, April 2015-February 2016.",Saeed AA.; Abedi GR.; Alzahrani AG.; Salameh I.; Abdirizak F.; Alhakeem R.; Algarni H.; El Nil OA.; Mohammed M.; Assiri AM.; Alabdely HM.; Watson JT.; Gerber SI.,"Saudi Arabia has reported >80% of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases worldwide. During April 2015-February 2016, Saudi Arabia identified and tested 57,363 persons (18.4/10,000 residents) with suspected MERS-CoV infection; 384 (0.7%) tested positive. Robust, extensive, and timely surveillance is critical for limiting virus transmission.",2017,04,Emerging infectious diseases,23,4,682-685,,10.3201/eid2304.161793,28322710,#2545,Saeed 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Anne Cori (2025-09-18 20:34:09)(Included): this does not have any information. Proportion asymptomatic is at time of testing so not informative. ; ,"" +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control.",Durai P.; Batool M.; Shah M.; Choi S.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and multiorgan dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the infected individuals. MERS-CoV is thought to be transmitted to humans through dromedary camels. The occurrence of the virus was first reported in the Middle East and it subsequently spread to several parts of the world. Since 2012, about 1368 infections, including ~487 deaths, have been reported worldwide. Notably, the recent human-to-human 'superspreading' of MERS-CoV in hospitals in South Korea has raised a major global health concern. The fatality rate in MERS-CoV infection is four times higher compared with that of the closely related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Currently, no drug has been clinically approved to control MERS-CoV infection. In this study, we highlight the potential drug targets that can be used to develop anti-MERS-CoV therapeutics.",2015,Aug,Experimental & molecular medicine,47,,e181,,10.1038/emm.2015.76,26315600,#2552,Durai 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: five years later.,Rabaan AA.,"In the past five years, there have been 1,936 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 27 countries, with a mortality rate of 35.6%. Most cases have arisen in the Middle East, particularly the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, however there was a large hospital-associated outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2015. Exposure to dromedary camels has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a risk factor in primary cases, but the exact mechanisms of transmission are not clear. Rigorous application of nationally defined infection prevention and control measures has reduced the levels of healthcare facility-associated outbreaks. There is currently no approved specific therapy or vaccine available. Areas covered: This review presents an overview of MERS-CoV within the last five years, with a particular emphasis on the key areas of transmission, infection control and prevention, and therapies and vaccines. Expert commentary: MERS-CoV remains a significant threat to public health as transmission mechanisms are still not completely understood. There is the potential for mutations that could increase viral transmission and/or virulence, and zoonotic host range. The high mortality rate highlights the need to expedite well-designed randomized clinical trials for direct, effective therapies and vaccines.",2017,11,Expert review of respiratory medicine,11,11,901-912,,10.1080/17476348.2017.1367288,28826284,#2553,Rabaan 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Drivers of MERS-CoV transmission: what do we know?,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 has since resulted in sporadic cases, intra-familial transmission and major outbreaks in healthcare settings. The clinical picture of MERS-CoV includes asymptomatic infections, mild or moderately symptomatic cases and fatal disease. Transmissions of MERS-CoV within healthcare settings are facilitated by overcrowding, poor compliance with basic infection control measures, unrecognized infections, the superspreaders phenomenon and poor triage systems. The actual contributing factors to the spread of MERS-CoV are yet to be systematically studied, but data to date suggest viral, host and environmental factors play a major role. Here, we summarize the known factors for the diverse transmission of MERS-CoV.",2016,,Expert review of respiratory medicine,10,3,331-8,,10.1586/17476348.2016.1150784,26848513,#2555,Al-Tawfiq 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Retrospective, epidemiological cluster analysis of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic using open source data.",Darling ND.; Poss DE.; Schoelen MP.; Metcalf-Kelly M.; Hill SE.; Harris S.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is caused by a novel coronavirus discovered in 2012. Since then, 1806 cases, including 564 deaths, have been reported by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and affected countries as of 1 June 2016. Previous literature attributed increases in MERS-CoV transmission to camel breeding season as camels are likely the reservoir for the virus. However, this literature review and subsequent analysis indicate a lack of seasonality. A retrospective, epidemiological cluster analysis was conducted to investigate increases in MERS-CoV transmission and reports of household and nosocomial clusters. Cases were verified and associations between cases were substantiated through an extensive literature review and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch's Tiered Source Classification System. A total of 51 clusters were identified, primarily nosocomial (80·4%) and most occurred in KSA (45·1%). Clusters corresponded temporally with the majority of periods of greatest incidence, suggesting a strong correlation between nosocomial transmission and notable increases in cases.",2017,11,Epidemiology and infection,145,15,3106-3114,,10.1017/S0950268817002345,29061208,#2556,Darling 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Pathogenesis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,van den Brand JM.; Smits SL.; Haagmans BL.,"Human coronaviruses (CoVs) mostly cause a common cold that is mild and self-limiting. Zoonotic transmission of CoVs such as the recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, on the other hand, may be associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection. This article reviews the clinical and pathological data available on MERS and compares it to SARS. Most importantly, chest radiographs and imaging results of patients with MERS show features that resemble the findings of organizing pneumonia, different from the lesions in SARS patients, which show fibrocellular intra-alveolar organization with a bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like pattern. These findings are in line with differences in the induction of cytopathological changes, induction of host gene responses and sensitivity to the antiviral effect of interferons in vitro when comparing both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. The challenge will be to translate these findings into an integrated picture of MERS pathogenesis in humans and to develop intervention strategies that will eventually allow the effective control of this newly emerging infectious disease.",2015,Jan,The Journal of pathology,235,2,175-84,,10.1002/path.4458,25294366,#2558,vandenBrand 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,O'Keefe LC.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging infectious disease that can present with flu-like symptoms. In individuals with comorbidities or who are immunosuppressed, it can be deadly. The disease is transmitted through contact with someone who has MERS-CoV. The occupational health nurse must be cognizant of and educate the workforce about MERS-CoV transmission, prevention, and treatment.",2016,May,Workplace health & safety,64,5,184-6,,10.1177/2165079915607497,26407596,#2562,O'Keefe 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +An Opportunistic Pathogen Afforded Ample Opportunities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,Mackay IM.; Arden KE.,"The human coronaviruses (CoV) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, some of which have been known for decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. In 2012, another novel severely human pathogenic CoV-the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV-was identified in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 80% of over 2000 human cases have been recorded over five years. Targeted research remains key to developing control strategies for MERS-CoV, a cause of mild illness in its camel reservoir. A new therapeutic toolbox being developed in response to MERS is also teaching us more about how CoVs cause disease. Travel-related cases continue to challenge the world's surveillance and response capabilities, and more data are needed to understand unexplained primary transmission. Signs of genetic change have been recorded, but it remains unclear whether there is any impact on clinical disease. How camels came to carry the virus remains academic to the control of MERS. To date, human-to-human transmission has been inefficient, but virus surveillance, characterisation, and reporting are key to responding to any future change. MERS-CoV is not currently a pandemic threat; it is spread mainly with the aid of human habit and error.",2017,12,Viruses,9,12,,,10.3390/v9120369,29207494,#2566,Mackay 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Progress of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccines: a patent review.,Choi J.; Kim MG.; Oh YK.; Kim YB.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged as a new pathogen, causing severe complications and a high case fatality rate. No direct treatments are available as yet, highlighting the importance of prevention through suitable vaccination regimes. The viral spike (S) protein has been characterized as a key target antigen for vaccines. In particular, S protein domains have been utilized to produce high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Areas covered: Since the first report of MERS-CoV infection, a limited number of MERS-CoV-specific patents have been filed. Patents related to MERS-CoV are categorized into three areas: treatments, antibodies, and vaccines (receptor-related). This review mainly focuses on the types and efficacies of vaccines, briefly covering treatments and antibodies against the virus. MERS-CoV vaccine forms and delivery systems, together with comparable development strategies against SARS-CoV are additionally addressed. Expert opinion: Vaccines must be combined with delivery systems, administration routes, and adjuvants to maximize T-cell responses as well as neutralizing antibody production. High immune responses require further study in animal models, such as human receptor-expressing mice, non-human primates, and camels. Such a consideration of integrated actions should contribute to the rapid development of vaccines against MERS-CoV and related coronaviruses.",2017,Jun,Expert opinion on therapeutic patents,27,6,721-731,,10.1080/13543776.2017.1281248,28121202,#2568,Choi 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention +Development of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus vaccines - advances and challenges.,Cho H.; Excler JL.; Kim JH.; Yoon IK.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging pathogen with the potential to pose a threat to global public health. Sporadic cases and outbreaks continue to be reported in the Middle East, and case fatality rates remain high at approximately 36% globally. No specific preventive or therapeutic countermeasures currently exist. A safe and effective vaccine could play an important role in protecting against the threat from MERS-CoV. This review discusses human vaccine candidates currently under development, and explores viral characteristics, molecular epidemiology and immunology relevant to MERS-CoV vaccine development. At present, a DNA vaccine candidate has begun a human clinical trial, while two vector-based candidates will very soon begin human trials. Protein-based vaccines are still at pre-clinical stage. Challenges to successful development include incomplete understanding of viral transmission, pathogenesis and immune response (in particular at the mucosal level), no optimal animal challenge models, lack of standardized immunological assays, and insufficient sustainable funding.",2018,02,Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics,14,2,304-313,,10.1080/21645515.2017.1389362,29048984,#2570,Cho 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-21 19:18:02)(Select): review; ,mention intervention cost; review; vaccine +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction.,Omrani AS.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel enzootic betacoronavirus that was first described in September 2012. The clinical spectrum of MERS-CoV infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure; overall mortality is around 35.7%. Bats harbour several betacoronaviruses that are closely related to MERS-CoV but more research is needed to establish the relationship between bats and MERS-CoV. The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies is very high in dromedary camels in Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV RNA and viable virus have been isolated from dromedary camels, including some with respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, near-identical strains of MERS-CoV have been isolated from epidemiologically linked humans and camels, confirming inter-transmission, most probably from camels to humans. Though inter-human spread within health care settings is responsible for the majority of reported MERS-CoV cases, the virus is incapable at present of causing sustained human-to-human transmission. Clusters can be readily controlled with implementation of appropriate infection control procedures. Phylogenetic and sequencing data strongly suggest that MERS-CoV originated from bat ancestors after undergoing a recombination event in the spike protein, possibly in dromedary camels in Africa, before its exportation to the Arabian Peninsula along the camel trading routes. MERS-CoV serosurveys are needed to investigate possible unrecognized human infections in Africa. Amongst the important measures to control MERS-CoV spread are strict regulation of camel movement, regular herd screening and isolation of infected camels, use of personal protective equipment by camel handlers and enforcing rules banning all consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and urine.",2015,,Pathogens and global health,109,8,354-62,,10.1080/20477724.2015.1122852,26924345,#2571,Omrani 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection.,Almaghrabi RS.; Omrani AS.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first described in 2012. More than 1800 cases have been reported so far, the majority from countries in the Middle East region. This article outlines current understanding of the epidemiological and clinical features of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.",2017,Jan,"British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)",78,1,23-26,,10.12968/hmed.2017.78.1.23,28067571,#2574,Almaghrabi 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Epidemic and Emerging Coronaviruses (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome).,Hui DS.,"Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses (CoVs) and likely the reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. The clinical features of SARS-CoV infection and MERS-CoV infection are similar but MERS-CoV infection progresses to respiratory failure more rapidly. Although the estimated pandemic potential of MERS-CoV is lower than that of SARS-CoV, the case fatality rate of MERS is higher. The transmission route and the possibility of other intermediary animal sources remain uncertain among many sporadic primary cases. Clinical trial options for MERS-CoV infection include monotherapy and combination therapy.",2017,03,Clinics in chest medicine,38,1,71-86,,10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.007,28159163,#2575,Hui 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and dromedaries.,Wernery U.; Lau SK.; Woo PC.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic viral disease that can be transmitted from dromedaries to human beings. More than 1500 cases of MERS have been reported in human beings to date. Although MERS has been associated with 30% case fatality in human beings, MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in dromedaries is usually asymptomatic. In rare cases, dromedaries may develop mild respiratory signs. No MERS-CoV or antibodies against the virus have been detected in camelids other than dromedaries. MERS-CoV is mainly acquired in dromedaries when they are less than 1 year of age, and the proportion of seropositivity increases with age to a seroprevalence of 100% in adult dromedaries. Laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV infection in dromedaries can be achieved through virus isolation using Vero cells, RNA detection by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and antigen detection using respiratory specimens or serum. Rapid nucleocapsid antigen detection using a lateral flow platform allows efficient screening of dromedaries carrying MERS-CoV. In addition to MERS-CoV, which is a lineage C virus in the Betacoronavirus (betaCoV) genus, a lineage B betaCoV and a virus in the Alphacoronavirus (alphaCoV) genus have been detected in dromedaries. Dromedary CoV UAE-HKU23 is closely related to human CoV OC43, whereas the alphaCoV has not been detected in human beings to date.",2017,Feb,"Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)",220,,75-79,,10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.12.020,28190501,#2577,Wernery 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease.,Chan JF.; Lau SK.; To KK.; Cheng VC.; Woo PC.; Yuen KY.,"The source of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic was traced to wildlife market civets and ultimately to bats. Subsequent hunting for novel coronaviruses (CoVs) led to the discovery of two additional human and over 40 animal CoVs, including the prototype lineage C betacoronaviruses, Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat CoV HKU5; these are phylogenetically closely related to the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV, which has affected more than 1,000 patients with over 35% fatality since its emergence in 2012. All primary cases of MERS are epidemiologically linked to the Middle East. Some of these patients had contacted camels which shed virus and/or had positive serology. Most secondary cases are related to health care-associated clusters. The disease is especially severe in elderly men with comorbidities. Clinical severity may be related to MERS-CoV's ability to infect a broad range of cells with DPP4 expression, evade the host innate immune response, and induce cytokine dysregulation. Reverse transcription-PCR on respiratory and/or extrapulmonary specimens rapidly establishes diagnosis. Supportive treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and dialysis is often required in patients with organ failure. Antivirals with potent in vitro activities include neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, antiviral peptides, interferons, mycophenolic acid, and lopinavir. They should be evaluated in suitable animal models before clinical trials. Developing an effective camel MERS-CoV vaccine and implementing appropriate infection control measures may control the continuing epidemic.",2015,Apr,Clinical microbiology reviews,28,2,465-522,,10.1128/CMR.00102-14,25810418,#2579,Chan 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-21 19:14:56)(Select): review; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Zumla A.; Hui DS.; Perlman S.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel single-stranded, positive-sense RNA betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). Dromedary camels, hosts for MERS-CoV, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of transmission is unknown. The virus was first isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness in June, 2012, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. As of May 31, 2015, 1180 laboratory-confirmed cases (483 deaths; 40% mortality) have been reported to WHO. Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases have been reported with little human-to-human transmission reported in the community. Although most cases of MERS have occurred in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, cases have been reported in Europe, the USA, and Asia in people who travelled from the Middle East or their contacts. Clinical features of MERS range from asymptomatic or mild disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure resulting in death, especially in individuals with underlying comorbidities. No specific drug treatment exists for MERS and infection prevention and control measures are crucial to prevent spread in health-care facilities. MERS-CoV continues to be an endemic, low-level public health threat. However, the virus could mutate to have increased interhuman transmissibility, increasing its pandemic potential.",2015,Sep,"Lancet (London, England)",386,9997,995-1007,,10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8,26049252,#2580,Zumla 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses.,de Wit E.; van Doremalen N.; Falzarano D.; Munster VJ.,"The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 marked the second introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. The continuing introductions of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels, the subsequent travel-related viral spread, the unprecedented nosocomial outbreaks and the high case-fatality rates highlight the need for prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Scientific advancements since the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pandemic allowed for rapid progress in our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and the development of therapeutics. In this Review, we detail our present understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and discuss the current state of development of measures to combat emerging coronaviruses.",2016,08,Nature reviews. Microbiology,14,8,523-34,,10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81,27344959,#2581,deWit 2016,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +"Triumphs, trials, and tribulations of the global response to MERS coronavirus.",McNabb SJ.; Shaikh AT.; Nuzzo JB.; Zumla AI.; Heymann DL.,,2014,Jun,The Lancet. Respiratory medicine,2,6,436-7,,10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70102-X,24794576,#3131,McNabb 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-11-07 00:41:38)(Select): comment; ,review +Emerging diseases. Researchers scramble to understand camel connection to MERS.,Kupferschmidt K.,,2013,Aug,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",341,6147,702,,10.1126/science.341.6147.702,23950504,#3246,Kupferschmidt 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Deadly MERS coronavirus not yet a global concern.,Mitka M.,,2013,Aug,JAMA,310,6,569,,10.1001/jama.2013.251229,23942664,#3304,Mitka 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-01 21:56:22)(Select): news bulletin; ,"" +Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus.,Madani TA.; Azhar EI.; Hashem AM.,,2014,10,The New England journal of medicine,371,14,1360,,10.1056/NEJMc1409847,25271614,#3372,Madani 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Emerging infectious diseases. Link to MERS virus underscores bats' puzzling threat.,Kupferschmidt K.,,2013,Aug,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",341,6149,948-9,,10.1126/science.341.6149.948,23990536,#3434,Kupferschmidt 2013,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Emerging diseases. Soaring MERS cases in Saudi Arabia raise alarms.,Kupferschmidt K.,,2014,May,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",344,6183,457-8,,10.1126/science.344.6183.457,24786052,#3455,Kupferschmidt 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Person-to-person spread of the MERS coronavirus--an evolving picture.,Perlman S.; McCray PB.,,2013,Aug,The New England journal of medicine,369,5,466-7,,10.1056/NEJMe1308724,23902487,#3765,Perlman 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:38:24)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Is MERS another SARS?,Drosten C.,,2013,Sep,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,13,9,727-8,,10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70159-2,23891403,#3797,Drosten 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 07:55:13)(Select): comment; ,"" +Predicting the potential for within-flight transmission and global dissemination of MERS.,Coburn BJ.; Blower S.,,2014,Feb,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,14,2,99,,10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70358-X,24457166,#3821,Coburn 2014,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 22:27:35)(Select): keep this copy (and reject its duplicate #12903); ,missed duplicate; review +"MERS coronavirus has low pandemic potential, so far.","",,2013,Jul,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),347,,f4371,,10.1136/bmj.f4371,23843549,#3913,,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-13 03:03:21)(Select): gives an R but doesn't count as a scientific article imo +; ",useful +Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Leung CH.; Gomersall CD.,,2014,Jul,Intensive care medicine,40,7,1015-7,,10.1007/s00134-014-3303-y,24818865,#4004,Leung 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Status report: Middle East respiratory syndrome.,"",,2013,Nov,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,57,10,i,,10.1093/cid/cit576,24149892,#4171,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Enhanced MERS coronavirus surveillance of travelers from the Middle East to England.,Thomas HL.; Zhao H.; Green HK.; Boddington NL.; Carvalho CF.; Osman HK.; Sadler C.; Zambon M.; Bermingham A.; Pebody RG.,"During the first year of enhanced MERS coronavirus surveillance in England, 77 persons traveling from the Middle East had acute respiratory illness and were tested for the virus. Infection was confirmed in 2 travelers with acute respiratory distress syndrome and 2 of their contacts. Patients with less severe manifestations tested negative.",2014,Sep,Emerging infectious diseases,20,9,1562-4,,10.3201/eid2009.140817,25148267,#4222,Thomas 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Thomas Rawson (2025-09-19 22:55:46)(Included): < 10. Remove.; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-06 00:49:47)(Select): But also looked at contacts. Attack rate at the least.; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 20:16:18)(Select): 4 cases; ,"" +Mission to MERS.,Enserink M.,,2014,Jun,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",344,6189,1218-20,,10.1126/science.344.6189.1218,24925999,#4288,Enserink 2014,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 08:17:32)(Select): News article, excellent pun though; ","" +"First patient with MERS in US is improving, but number of cases worldwide doubles in six weeks to 6 May.",Dyer O.,,2014,May,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),348,,g3186,,10.1136/bmj.g3186,24821686,#4322,Dyer 2014,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 07:18:06)(Select): News, not peer reviewed; ","" +"Emerging respiratory infections: influenza, MERS-CoV, and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.",Fragaszy E.; Hayward A.,,2014,Dec,The Lancet. Respiratory medicine,2,12,970-2,,10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70250-4,25466351,#4432,Fragaszy 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +"First confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States, updated information on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV infection, and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities - May 20",Bialek SR.; Allen D.; Alvarado-Ramy F.; Arthur R.; Balajee A.; Bell D.; Best S.; Blackmore C.; Breakwell L.; Cannons A.; Brown C.; Cetron M.; Chea N.; Chommanard C.; Cohen N.; Conover C.; Crespo A.; Creviston J.; Curns AT.; Dahl R.; Dearth S.; DeMaria A.; Echols F.; Erdman DD.; Feikin D.; Frias M.; Gerber SI.; Gulati R.; Hale C.; Haynes LM.; Heberlein-Larson L.; Holton K.; Ijaz K.; Kapoor M.; Kohl K.; Kuhar DT.; Kumar AM.; Kundich M.; Lippold S.; Liu L.; Lovchik JC.; Madoff L.; Martell S.; Matthews S.; Moore J.; Murray LR.; Onofrey S.; Pallansch MA.; Pesik N.; Pham H.; Pillai S.; Pontones P.; Pringle K.; Pritchard S.; Rasmussen S.; Richards S.; Sandoval M.; Schneider E.; Schuchat A.; Sheedy K.; Sherin K.; Swerdlow DL.; Tappero JW.; Vernon MO.; Watkins S.; Watson J.; .,"Since mid-March 2014, the frequency with which cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection have been reported has increased, with the majority of recent cases reported from Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, the frequency with which travel-associated MERS cases have been reported and the number of countries that have reported them to the World Health Organization (WHO) have also increased. The first case of MERS in the United States, identified in a traveler recently returned from Saudi Arabia, was reported to CDC by the Indiana State Department of Health on May 1, 2014, and confirmed by CDC on May 2. A second imported case of MERS in the United States, identified in a traveler from Saudi Arabia having no connection with the first case, was reported to CDC by the Florida Department of Health on May 11, 2014. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians, health officials, and others to increase awareness of the need to consider MERS-CoV infection in persons who have recently traveled from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula. This report summarizes recent epidemiologic information, provides preliminary descriptions of the cases reported from Indiana and Florida, and updates CDC guidance about patient evaluation, home care and isolation, specimen collection, and travel as of May 13, 2014.",2014,May,MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,63,19,431-6,,,24827411,#4458,Bialek 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj.,Memish ZA.; Assiri A.; Almasri M.; Alhakeem RF.; Turkestani A.; Al Rabeeah AA.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Alzahrani A.; Azhar E.; Makhdoom HQ.; Hajomar WH.; Al-Shangiti AM.; Yezli S.,"Annually, Saudi Arabia is the host of the Hajj mass gathering. We aimed to determine the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nasal carriage rate among pilgrims performing the 2013 Hajj and to describe the compliance with the Saudi Ministry of Health vaccine recommendations. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 5235 adult pilgrims from 22 countries and screened for MERS-CoV using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Information regarding the participants' age, gender, country of origin, medical conditions, and vaccination history were obtained. The mean age of the screened population was 51.8 years (range, 18-93 years) with a male/female ratio of 1.17:1. MERS-CoV was not detected in any of the samples tested (3210 pre-Hajj and 2025 post-Hajj screening). According to the vaccination documents, all participants had received meningococcal vaccination and the majority of those from at-risk countries were vaccinated against yellow fever and polio. Only 22% of the pilgrims (17.5% of those ≥65 years and 36.3% of diabetics) had flu vaccination, and 4.4% had pneumococcal vaccination. There was no evidence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage among Hajj pilgrims. While rates of compulsory vaccinations uptake were high, uptake of pneumococcal and flu seasonal vaccinations were low, including among the high-risk population.",2014,Oct,The Journal of infectious diseases,210,7,1067-72,,10.1093/infdis/jiu150,24620019,#4467,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:04:33)(Select): no MERS-CoV detected by PCR; ,"" +Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.,Drosten C.; Seilmaier M.; Corman VM.; Hartmann W.; Scheible G.; Sack S.; Guggemos W.; Kallies R.; Muth D.; Junglen S.; Müller MA.; Haas W.; Guberina H.; Röhnisch T.; Schmid-Wendtner M.; Aldabbagh S.; Dittmer U.; Gold H.; Graf P.; Bonin F.; Rambaut A.; Wendtner CM.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. We provide a full description of a fatal case of MERS-CoV infection and associated phylogenetic analyses. We report data for a patient who was admitted to the Klinikum Schwabing (Munich, Germany) for severe acute respiratory infection. We did diagnostic RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. From time of diagnosis, respiratory, faecal, and urine samples were obtained for virus quantification. We constructed a maximum likelihood tree of the five available complete MERS-CoV genomes. A 73-year-old man from Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, was transferred to Klinikum Schwabing on March 19, 2013, on day 11 of illness. He had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2008, and had received several lines of treatment. The patient died on day 18, due to septic shock. MERS-CoV was detected in two samples of bronchoalveolar fluid. Viral loads were highest in samples from the lower respiratory tract (up to 1·2 × 10(6) copies per mL). Maximum virus concentration in urine samples was 2691 RNA copies per mL on day 13; the virus was not present in the urine after renal failure on day 14. Stool samples obtained on days 12 and 16 contained the virus, with up to 1031 RNA copies per g (close to the lowest detection limit of the assay). One of two oronasal swabs obtained on day 16 were positive, but yielded little viral RNA (5370 copies per mL). No virus was detected in blood. The full virus genome was combined with four other available full genome sequences in a maximum likelihood phylogeny, correlating branch lengths with dates of isolation. The time of the common ancestor was halfway through 2011. Addition of novel genome data from an unlinked case treated 6 months previously in Essen, Germany, showed a clustering of viruses derived from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. We have provided the first complete viral load profile in a case of MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV might have shedding patterns that are different from those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and so might need alternative diagnostic approaches. European Union; German Centre for Infection Research; German Research Council; and German Ministry for Education and Research.",2013,Sep,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,13,9,745-51,,10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70154-3,23782859,#4468,Drosten 2013,"Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Thomas Rawson (2025-08-18 19:19:59)(Select): Gemma flagged and Amy agreed that n < 10; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-30 02:57:58)(Select): ""estimated the rate of evolution as 1·6 × 10–³ substitutions per site per year""; ",phylo +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus not detected in children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Amman, Jordan, March 2010 to September 2012.",Khuri-Bulos N.; Payne DC.; Lu X.; Erdman D.; Wang L.; Faouri S.; Shehabi A.; Johnson M.; Becker MM.; Denison MR.; Williams JV.; Halasa NB.,"Hospitalized children < 2 years of age in Amman, Jordan, admitted for fever and/or respiratory symptoms, were tested for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). This was a prospective year-round viral surveillance study in children <2 years of age admitted with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever from March 2010 to September 2012 and enrolled from a government-run hospital, Al-Bashir in Amman, Jordan. Clinical and demographic data, including antibiotic use, were collected. Combined nasal/throat swabs were collected, aliquoted, and frozen at -80°C. Specimen aliquots were shipped to Vanderbilt University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and tested by rRT-PCR for MERS-CoV. Of the 2433 subjects enrolled from 16 March 2010 to 10 September 2012, 2427 subjects had viral testing and clinical data. Of 1898 specimens prospectively tested for other viruses between 16 March 2010 and 18 March 2012, 474 samples did not have other common respiratory viruses detected. These samples were tested at CDC for MERS-CoV and all were negative by rRT-PCR for MERS-CoV. Of the remaining 531 samples, collected from 19 March 2012 to 10 September 2012 and tested at Vanderbilt, none were positive for MERS-CoV. Our negative findings from a large sample of young Jordanian children hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms suggest that MERS-CoV was not widely circulating in Amman, Jordan, during the 30-month period of prospective, active surveillance occurring before and after the first documented MERS-CoV outbreak in the Middle East region.",2014,Jul,Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,20,7,678-82,,10.1111/1469-0691.12438,24313317,#4469,Khuri-Bulos 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:16:06)(Select): negative viral testing to MERSCov; ,"" +Clinical and laboratory findings of the first imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus to the United States.,Kapoor M.; Pringle K.; Kumar A.; Dearth S.; Liu L.; Lovchik J.; Perez O.; Pontones P.; Richards S.; Yeadon-Fagbohun J.; Breakwell L.; Chea N.; Cohen NJ.; Schneider E.; Erdman D.; Haynes L.; Pallansch M.; Tao Y.; Tong S.; Gerber S.; Swerdlow D.; Feikin DR.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was discovered September 2012 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The first US case of MERS-CoV was confirmed on 2 May 2014. We summarize the clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory and radiologic findings, and MERS-CoV-specific tests. The patient is a 65-year-old physician who worked in a hospital in KSA where MERS-CoV patients were treated. His illness onset included malaise, myalgias, and low-grade fever. He flew to the United States on day of illness (DOI) 7. His first respiratory symptom, a dry cough, developed on DOI 10. On DOI 11, he presented to an Indiana hospital as dyspneic, hypoxic, and with a right lower lobe infiltrate on chest radiography. On DOI 12, his serum tested positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for MERS-CoV and showed high MERS-CoV antibody titers, whereas his nasopharyngeal swab was rRT-PCR negative. Expectorated sputum was rRT-PCR positive the following day, with a high viral load (5.31 × 10(6) copies/mL). He was treated with antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulin, and oxygen by nasal cannula. He was discharged on DOI 22. The genome sequence was similar (>99%) to other known MERS-CoV sequences, clustering with those from KSA from June to July 2013. This patient had a prolonged nonspecific prodromal illness before developing respiratory symptoms. Both sera and sputum were rRT-PCR positive when nasopharyngeal specimens were negative. US clinicians must be vigilant for MERS-CoV in patients with febrile and/or respiratory illness with recent travel to the Arabian Peninsula, especially among healthcare workers.",2014,Dec,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,59,11,1511-8,,10.1093/cid/ciu635,25100864,#4485,Kapoor 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +How great is the risk of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus to the global population?,Memish ZA.; Zumla A.; Al-Tawfiq JA.,,2013,Oct,Expert review of anti-infective therapy,11,10,979-81,,10.1586/14787210.2013.836965,24093587,#4487,Memish 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Coronaviruses: important emerging human pathogens.,Coleman CM.; Frieman MB.,"The identification of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 reaffirmed the importance of understanding how coronaviruses emerge, infect, and cause disease. By comparing what is known about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) to what has recently been found for MERS-CoV, researchers are discovering similarities and differences that may be important for pathogenesis. Here we discuss what is known about each virus and what gaps remain in our understanding, especially concerning MERS-CoV.",2014,May,Journal of virology,88,10,5209-12,,10.1128/JVI.03488-13,24600003,#4492,Coleman 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus: a new challenge for veterinarians?,Gortazar C.; Segalés J.,,2013,Nov,Veterinary pathology,50,6,954-5,,10.1177/0300985813506391,24221812,#4499,Gortazar 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 20:32:23)(Select): letter to editor; ,review +Is aerosol-based transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus possible?,Karagoz E.; Hatipoğlu M.; Turhan V.,,2014,Nov,The Journal of infectious diseases,210,10,1680-1,,10.1093/infdis/jiu301,24857845,#4500,Karagoz 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:32:52)(Select): a reply with no parameters; ,"" +"Updated information on the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities, 2012-2013.", .,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first reported to cause human infection in September 2012. In July 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations Emergency Committee determined that MERS-CoV did not meet criteria for a ""public health emergency of international concern,"" but was nevertheless of ""serious and great concern"". This report summarizes epidemiologic information and provides updates to CDC guidance about patient evaluation, case definitions, travel, and infection control as of September 20, 2013.",2013,Sep,MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,62,38,793-6,,,24067584,#4503,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome novel corona MERS-CoV infection. Epidemiology and outcome update.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Assiri A.; Memish ZA.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV is a newly emerging respiratory virus with a high case fatality rate among identified cases. The virus is thought to cause a severe disease in patients with underlying comorbidities. The identification of asymptomatic patients and mild cases among family and healthcare worker contacts of confirmed cases indicates a wider spectrum of clinical manifestation of the disease. The majority of patients presented with fever 98%, fever with cough 83%, and shortness of breath 72%. Radiographic manifestations range from unilateral infiltrate 43%, to increased bronchovascular markings 17%, and diffuse reticulonodular pattern 4%. Our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of the disease is increasing overtime. It is still not known what the source of the virus is and what the best treatment modality should be.",2013,Oct,Saudi medical journal,34,10,991-4,,,24145930,#4510,Al-Tawfiq 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus.,Azhar EI.; El-Kafrawy SA.; Farraj SA.; Hassan AM.; Al-Saeed MS.; Hashem AM.; Madani TA.,"We describe the isolation and sequencing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) obtained from a dromedary camel and from a patient who died of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection after close contact with camels that had rhinorrhea. Nasal swabs collected from the patient and from one of his nine camels were positive for MERS-CoV RNA. In addition, MERS-CoV was isolated from the patient and the camel. The full genome sequences of the two isolates were identical. Serologic data indicated that MERS-CoV was circulating in the camels but not in the patient before the human infection occurred. These data suggest that this fatal case of human MERS-CoV infection was transmitted through close contact with an infected camel.",2014,Jun,The New England journal of medicine,370,26,2499-505,,10.1056/NEJMoa1401505,24896817,#4518,Azhar 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Letter to the Editor: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels: are dromedary camels a reservoir for MERS-CoV?,Karagoz E.; Hatipoğlu M.; Turhan V.,,2014,May,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,19,20,,,,24871759,#4524,Karagoz 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Editorial commentary: still learning from the earliest known MERS outbreak, Zarqa, Jordan, April 2012.",Lucey DR.,,2014,Nov,Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,59,9,1234-6,,10.1093/cid/ciu638,25091312,#4530,Lucey 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:57:10)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in French pilgrims after 2013 Hajj.,Gautret P.; Charrel R.; Benkouiten S.; Belhouchat K.; Nougairede A.; Drali T.; Salez N.; Memish ZA.; Al Masri M.; Lagier JC.; Million M.; Raoult D.; Brouqui P.; Parola P.,,2014,Apr,Emerging infectious diseases,20,4,728-30,,10.3201/eid2004.131708,24656283,#4553,Gautret 2014,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 20:06:33)(Select): Letter to editor, reports negative results for MERS; ","" +Update: Recommendations for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)., .,"On June 11, 2013, CDC issued interim infection prevention and control recommendations for hospitalized patients with known or suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in U.S. hospitals. To date, no MERS-CoV cases have been reported in the United States; however, cases have been reported in eight other countries. Recent published reports have described limited health-care transmission of MERS-CoV, including cases among health-care personnel in international settings. These published reports highlight the need for rapid detection of infectious patients and adherence to correct infection prevention measures to prevent transmission of the virus among patients, health-care personnel, and visitors.",2013,Jul,MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,62,27,557,,,23842446,#4555,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +"First cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013.",Mailles A.; Blanckaert K.; Chaud P.; van der Werf S.; Lina B.; Caro V.; Campese C.; Guéry B.; Prouvost H.; Lemaire X.; Paty MC.; Haeghebaert S.; Antoine D.; Ettahar N.; Noel H.; Behillil S.; Hendricx S.; Manuguerra JC.; Enouf V.; La Ruche G.; Semaille C.; Coignard B.; Lévy-Bruhl D.; Weber F.; Saura C.; Che D.; .,"In May 2013, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was diagnosed in an adult male in France with severe respiratory illness, who had travelled to the United Arab Emirates before symptom onset. Contact tracing identified a secondary case in a patient hospitalised in the same hospital room. No other cases of MERS-CoV infection were identified among the index case’s 123 contacts, nor among 39 contacts of the secondary case, during the 10-day follow-up period.",2013,Jun,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,18,24,,,,23787161,#4560,Mailles 2013,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Amy Dighe (2019-11-06 04:32:27)(Select): only 2 cases but traced all known contacts --> attack rate?; ,"" +Invited Editorial: MERS-CoV An Emerging Viral Zoonotic Disease: Three Years After and Counting.,Memish ZA.,,2014,,Recent patents on anti-infective drug discovery,9,3,159-60,,,25851253,#4561,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 19:58:37)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Virological and serological analysis of a recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection case on a triple combination antiviral regimen.,Spanakis N.; Tsiodras S.; Haagmans BL.; Raj VS.; Pontikis K.; Koutsoukou A.; Koulouris NG.; Osterhaus AD.; Koopmans MP.; Tsakris A.,"Serological, molecular and phylogenetic analyses of a recently imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Greece are reported. Although MERS-CoV remained detectable in the respiratory tract secretions of the patient until the fourth week of illness, viraemia was last detected 2 days after initiation of triple combination therapy with pegylated interferon, ribavirin and lopinavir/ritonavir, administered from Day 13 of illness. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus showed close similarity with other human MERS-CoVs from the recent Jeddah outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres peaked 3 weeks after the onset of illness, whilst IgM levels remained constantly elevated during the follow-up period (second to fifth week of illness). Serological testing confirmed by virus neutralisation assay detected an additional case that was a close contact of the patient.",2014,Dec,International journal of antimicrobial agents,44,6,528-32,,10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.026,25288266,#4732,Spanakis 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Amy Dighe (2020-01-07 08:11:15)(Select): shedding for a duration of 4 weeks... only 1 case though; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease in children.,Memish ZA.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Assiri A.; AlRabiah FA.; Al Hajjar S.; Albarrak A.; Flemban H.; Alhakeem RF.; Makhdoom HQ.; Alsubaie S.; Al-Rabeeah AA.,"In the initial description of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, many affected patients were adults with underlying medical comorbidities. Data on the clinical presentation and outcome of pediatric cases are lacking. We report the clinical presentation and outcome of MERS-CoV infection in 11 pediatric patients. The clinical presentation, demographic and laboratory data of pediatric patients with MERS-CoV were analyzed. A total of 11 pediatric cases that tested positive by screening and confirmatory polymerase chain reaction for MERS-CoV were reported from Saudi Arabia. Two patients were symptomatic and the other 9 cases were asymptomatic. The median age of patients was 13 (range 2-16) years. There were 8 females and 3 males (2.7:1 ratio). One symptomatic patient died and the other symptomatic patient recovered. The diagnosis of patients was based on positive nasopharyngeal swabs on 10 patients. MERS-CoV disease is not limited to adults. Most cases of childhood MERS-CoV infection were asymptomatic and tested positive during contact investigation of older patients. Severe disease can occur in children with underlying conditions.",2014,Sep,The Pediatric infectious disease journal,33,9,904-6,,10.1097/INF.0000000000000325,24763193,#4739,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Janetta Skarp (2020-02-06 20:28:55)(Select): case study; ,"" +State of Knowledge and Data Gaps of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Humans., .,"Between September 2012 and 22 October 2013, 144 laboratory-confirmed and 17 probable MERS-CoV cases from nine countries were notified to WHO. We summarize what is known about the epidemiology, virology, phylogeny and emergence of MERS-CoV to inform public health policies. The median age of patients (n=161) was 50 years (range 14 months to 94 years), 64.5% were male and 63.4% experienced severe respiratory disease. 76.0% of patients were reported to have ≥1 underlying medical condition and fatal cases, compared to recovered or asymptomatic cases were more likely to have an underlying condition (86.8% vs. 42.4%, p<0.001). Analysis of genetic sequence data suggests multiple independent introductions into human populations and modelled estimates using epidemiologic and genetic data suggest R0 is <1, though the upper range of estimates may exceed 1. Index/sporadic cases (cases with no epidemiologic-link to other cases) were more likely to be older (median 59.0 years vs. 43.0 years, p<0.001) compared to secondary cases, although these proportions have declined over time. 80.9% vs. 67.2% of index/sporadic and secondary cases, respectively, reported ≥1 underlying condition. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Nearly all symptomatic patients presented with respiratory symptoms and 1/3 of patients also had gastrointestinal symptoms. Sustained human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV has not been observed. Outbreaks have been extinguished without overly aggressive isolation and quarantine suggesting that transmission of virus may be stopped with implementation of appropriate infection control measures.",2013,11,PLoS currents,5,,,,10.1371/currents.outbreaks.0bf719e352e7478f8ad85fa30127ddb8,24270606,#4741,,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 20:02:30)(Select): useful; ,review; useful +A family cluster of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case.,Omrani AS.; Matin MA.; Haddad Q.; Al-Nakhli D.; Memish ZA.; Albarrak AM.,"Ninety confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported to the World Health Organization. We report the details of a second family cluster of MERS-CoV infections from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We present the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological details of 3 patients from a family cluster of MERS-CoV infections. The first patient developed respiratory symptoms and fever 14 days after admission to hospital for an unrelated reason. He died 11 days later with multi-organ failure. Two of his brothers presented later to another hospital with respiratory symptoms and fever. MERS-CoV infection in the latter 2 patients was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing. All 3 patients had fever, cough, shortness of breath, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and rises in serum creatinine kinase and alanine transaminase. No hospital or other social contacts are known to have acquired the infection. It appears that the index patient in this cluster acquired MERS-CoV infection whilst in hospital from an unrecognized mild or asymptomatic case. MERS-CoV acquisition from unrecognized mild or asymptomatic cases may be a more important contributor to ongoing transmission than previously appreciated.",2013,Sep,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,17,9,e668-72,,10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001,23916548,#4744,Omrani 2013,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 20:05:09)(Select): 2-3 cases?; ,"" +"Laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Malaysia: preparedness and response, April 2014.",Premila Devi J.; Noraini W.; Norhayati R.; Chee Kheong C.; Badrul AS.; Zainah S.; Fadzilah K.; Hirman I.; Lokman Hakim S.; Noor Hisham A.,"On 14 April 2014, the first laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was reported in Malaysia in a man in his mid-fifties, who developed pneumonia with respiratory distress, after returning from a pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia. The case succumbed to his illness three days after admission at a local hospital. The follow-up of 199 close contacts identified through contact tracing and vigilant surveillance did not result in detecting any other confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection.",2014,May,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,19,18,,,,24832116,#4752,PremilaDevi 2014,"Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Janetta Skarp (2019-11-13 00:58:32)(Select): would that still give an attack rate of 0? This paper does also describe an original ""outbreak"" (...or spillover event?) ; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:42:37)(Select): one case and all negative contacts; ","" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: implications for health care facilities.,Maltezou HC.; Tsiodras S.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes a severe respiratory disease with high case fatality rate. Starting in March 2014, a dramatic increase of cases has occurred in the Arabian Peninsula, many of which were acquired in health care settings. As of May 9, 2014, 536 laboratory-confirmed cases and 145 deaths have been reported globally. Review of publicly available data about MERS-CoV health care-associated transmission. We identified 11 events of possible or confirmed health care-associated transmission with high morbidity and mortality, mainly among patients with comorbidities. Health care workers are also frequently affected; however, they tend to have milder symptoms and better prognosis. Gaps in infection control were noted in all events. Currently, health care-associated outbreaks are playing a pivotal role in the evolution of the MERS-CoV epidemic in countries in the Arabian Peninsula. There is a need to increase infection control capacity in affected areas and areas at increased risk of being affected to prevent transmission in health care settings. Vaccines and antiviral agents are urgently needed. Overall, our knowledge about the epidemiologic characteristics of MERS-CoV that impact health care transmission is very limited. As the MERS-CoV epidemic continues to evolve, issues concerning best infection control measures will arise, and studies to better define their effectiveness in real life are needed.",2014,Dec,American journal of infection control,42,12,1261-5,,10.1016/j.ajic.2014.06.019,25465253,#4754,Maltezou 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 19:56:41)(Select): there is a useful table?; ,review; useful +Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Momattin H.; Dib J.; Memish ZA.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been reported to have a high case-fatality rate. Currently, there is no specific therapy or vaccine with proven effectiveness for MERS-CoV infections. A combination of ribavirin and interferon therapy was used for the treatment of five MERS-CoV-positive patients. We reviewed the therapeutic schedule and the outcome of these patients. All patients were critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with adjunctive corticosteroids and were on mechanical ventilation at the time of initiation of therapy. The median time from admission to therapy with ribavirin and interferon was 19 (range 10-22) days. None of the patients responded to the supportive or therapeutic interventions and all died of their illness. While ribavirin and interferon may be effective in some patients, our practical experience suggests that critically ill patients with multiple comorbidities who are diagnosed late in the course of their illness may not benefit from combination antiviral therapy as preclinical data suggest. There is clearly an urgent need for a novel effective antiviral therapy for this emerging global threat.",2014,Mar,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,20,,42-6,,10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.003,24406736,#4781,Al-Tawfiq 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention +MERS: emergence of a novel human coronavirus.,Raj VS.; Osterhaus AD.; Fouchier RA.; Haagmans BL.,"A novel coronavirus (CoV) that causes a severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, emerged in the Middle East region in 2012. This virus, named Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, is phylogenetically related to bat CoVs, but other animal species like dromedary camels may potentially act as intermediate hosts by spreading the virus to humans. Although human to human transmission has been demonstrated, analysis of human MERS clusters indicated that chains of transmission were not self-sustaining, especially when infection control was implemented. Thus, timely identification of new MERS cases followed by their quarantine, combined with measures to limit spread of the virus from the (intermediate) host to humans, may be crucial in controlling the outbreak of this emerging CoV.",2014,Apr,Current opinion in virology,5,,58-62,,10.1016/j.coviro.2014.01.010,24584035,#4791,Raj 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections.,Memish ZA.; Zumla AI.; Al-Hakeem RF.; Al-Rabeeah AA.; Stephens GM.,"A human coronavirus, called the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was first identified in September 2012 in samples obtained from a Saudi Arabian businessman who died from acute respiratory failure. Since then, 49 cases of infections caused by MERS-CoV (previously called a novel coronavirus) with 26 deaths have been reported to date. In this report, we describe a family case cluster of MERS-CoV infection, including the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and household relationships of three young men who became ill with MERS-CoV infection after the hospitalization of an elderly male relative, who died of the disease. Twenty-four other family members living in the same household and 124 attending staff members at the hospitals did not become ill. MERS-CoV infection may cause a spectrum of clinical illness. Although an animal reservoir is suspected, none has been discovered. Meanwhile, global concern rests on the ability of MERS-CoV to cause major illness in close contacts of patients.",2013,Jun,The New England journal of medicine,368,26,2487-94,,10.1056/NEJMoa1303729,23718156,#4792,Memish 2013,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:08:56)(Select): 4 cases?; ,"" +A novel human coronavirus: Middle East respiratory syndrome human coronavirus.,Geng H.; Tan W.,"In 2012, a novel coronavirus, initially named as human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC) but recently renamed as Middle East respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was identified in patients who suffered severe acute respiratory infection and subsequent renal failure that resulted in death. Ongoing epidemiological investigations together with retrospective studies have found 61 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with this novel coronavirus, including 34 deaths to date. This novel coronavirus is culturable and two complete genome sequences are now available. Furthermore, molecular detection and indirect immunofluorescence assay have been developed. The present paper summarises the limited recent advances of this novel human coronavirus, including its discovery, genomic characterisation and detection.",2013,Aug,Science China. Life sciences,56,8,683-7,,10.1007/s11427-013-4519-8,23917839,#4794,Geng 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Treating MERS-CoV during an outbreak.,Coleman CM.; Frieman MB.,,2014,Nov,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,14,11,1030-1031,,10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70939-9,25278219,#4797,Coleman 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-22 19:22:25)(Select): comment; ,intervention; review +Hospital-associated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections.,Memish ZA.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Assiri A.,,2013,10,The New England journal of medicine,369,18,1761-2,,10.1056/NEJMc1311004,24171524,#4827,Memish 2013,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Overview of preparedness and response for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Oman.,Al-Abaidani IS.; Al-Maani AS.; Al-Kindi HS.; Al-Jardani AK.; Abdel-Hady DM.; Zayed BE.; Al-Harthy KS.; Al-Shaqsi KH.; Al-Abri SS.,"Several countries in the Middle East and around 22 countries worldwide have reported cases of human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The exceptionally high fatality rate resulting from MERS-CoV infection in conjunction with the paucity of knowledge about this emerging virus has led to major public and international concern. Within the framework of the national acute respiratory illness surveillance, the Ministry of Health in the Sultanate of Oman has announced two confirmed cases of MERS-CoV to date. The aim of this report is to describe the epidemiological aspects of these two cases and to highlight the importance of public health preparedness and response. The absence of secondary cases among contacts of the reported cases can be seen as evidence of the effectiveness of infection prevention and control precautions as an important pillar of the national preparedness and response plan applied in the health care institutions in Oman.",2014,Dec,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,29,,309-10,,10.1016/j.ijid.2014.10.003,25447719,#4828,Al-Abaidani 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a new zoonotic viral pneumonia.,Cunha CB.; Opal SM.,"Coronaviruses have traditionally been associated with mild upper respiratory tract infections throughout the world. In the fall of 2002, a new coronavirus emerged in in Asia causing severe viral pneumonia, i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Nearly a decade following the SARS epidemic, a new coronavirus causing severe viral pneumonia has emerged, i.e., middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS). Since the initial case of MERS-CoV occurred in June of 2012 in Saudi Arabia there have been 688 confirmed cases and 282 deaths in 20 countries. Although both SARS and MERS are caused by coronaviruses, SARS was characterized by efficient human transmission and relatively low mortality rate. In contrast, MERS is relatively inefficiently transmitted to humans but has a high mortality rate. Given the potential overlap in presentation and manifestation, it is important to understand the clinical and epidemiologic differences between MERS, SARS and influenza.",2014,Aug,Virulence,5,6,650-4,,10.4161/viru.32077,25089913,#4846,Cunha 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Janetta Skarp (2019-10-24 22:22:50)(Select): has references for some delays; ,review; useful +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus infection: an overview.,Al-Tawfiq JA.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was reported from a number of countries in the Middle East and Europe with a reported high mortality rate. MERS-CoV was initially isolated from a patient from Bisha, Saudi Arabia. A recent outbreak of MERS-CoV infection was described in a healthcare facility. Although, the recent publications on this topic had shed light on the epidemiology of the disease, many questions remain to be answered.",2013,Oct,Journal of infection and public health,6,5,319-22,,10.1016/j.jiph.2013.06.001,23999347,#4848,Al-Tawfiq 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): challenges in identifying its source and controlling its spread.,Lu L.; Liu Q.; Du L.; Jiang S.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel human coronavirus that caused outbreaks of a SARS-like illness in the Middle East, is now considered a threat to global public health. This review discusses the challenges in identifying the source of this fatal virus and developing effective and safe anti-MERS-CoV vaccines and therapeutics in order to control its spread and to combat any future pandemic.",,,Microbes and infection,15,8-9,625-9,,10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.003,23791956,#4849,,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV): Update 2013.,Lim PL.; Lee TH.; Rowe EK.,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) came to attention as an emerging pathogen causing severe respiratory illness in patients from the Middle East in September 2012. As of 14 June 2013, 58 human cases of MERS CoV infection have been confirmed, including 33 deaths (case fatality rate of 57%). MERS CoV is a beta-coronavirus, in the same family as SARS-CoV, and shares a probable origin from bats. No animal reservoir or intermediates have been definitely implicated in transmission. Limited human-to-human transmission has occurred within several clusters, as individuals without a recent travel history have become infected after exposure to an ill returned traveler.",2013,Aug,Current infectious disease reports,15,4,295-8,,10.1007/s11908-013-0344-2,23793899,#4851,Lim 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:47:23)(Select): commentary; ,review +The Middle East respiratory syndrome--how worried should we be?,Perlman S.,"Ten years after the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic, a second coronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has been identified as the cause of a highly lethal pneumonia in patients in the Middle East and in travelers from this region. Over the past 9 months, since the virus was first isolated, much has been learned about the biology of the virus. It is now clear that MERS-CoV is transmissible from person to person, and its close relationship with several bat coronaviruses suggests that these animals may be the ultimate source of the infection. However, many key issues need to be addressed, including identification of the proximate, presumably zoonotic, source of the infection, the prevalence of the infection in human populations, details regarding clinical and pathological features of the human infection, the establishment of a small rodent model for the infection, and the virological and immune basis for the severe disease observed in most patients. Most importantly, we do not know whether a MERS-CoV epidemic is likely or not. Infection with the virus has so far resulted in only 91 cases and 46 deaths (as of 29 July 2013), but it is nonetheless setting off alarm bells among public health officials, including Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization, who called MERS-CoV ""a threat to the entire world."" This article reviews some of the progress that has been made and discusses some of the questions that need to be answered.",2013,Aug,mBio,4,4,,,10.1128/mBio.00531-13,23963179,#4854,Perlman 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:37:31)(Select): perspective/opinion; ,review +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands, May 2014.",Kraaij-Dirkzwager M.; Timen A.; Dirksen K.; Gelinck L.; Leyten E.; Groeneveld P.; Jansen C.; Jonges M.; Raj S.; Thurkow I.; van Gageldonk-Lafeber R.; van der Eijk A.; Koopmans M.; .,"Two patients, returning to the Netherlands from pilgrimage in Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were diagnosed with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in May 2014. The source and mode of transmission have not yet been determined. Hospital-acquired infection and community-acquired infection are both possible.",2014,May,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,19,21,,,,24906375,#4862,Kraaij-Dirkzwager 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +"Health-care associate transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus, MERS-CoV, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.",Petersen E.; Pollack MM.; Madoff LC.,,2014,Dec,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,29,,299-300,,10.1016/j.ijid.2014.10.001,25461234,#4866,Petersen 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +The Hajj pilgrimage and surveillance for Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pilgrims from African countries.,Zumla A.; Mwaba P.; Bates M.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Maeurer M.; Memish ZA.,,2014,Jul,Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH,19,7,838-40,,10.1111/tmi.12318,24750482,#4880,Zumla 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 19:59:34)(Select): editorial; ,"" +The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Singapore.,Tambyah PA.; Tay J.,,2013,Aug,"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore",42,8,376-8,,,24045372,#4883,Tambyah 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:56:31)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Probabilistic differential diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) using the time from immigration to illness onset among imported cases.,Ejima K.; Aihara K.; Nishiura H.,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has spread worldwide since 2012. As the clinical symptoms of MERS tend to be non-specific, the incubation period has been shown to complement differential diagnosis, especially to rule out influenza. However, because an infection event is seldom directly observable, the present study aims to construct a diagnostic model that predicts the probability of MERS diagnosis given the time from immigration to illness onset among imported cases which are suspected of MERS. Addressing censoring by considering the transmission dynamics in an exporting country, we demonstrate that the illness onset within 2 days from immigration is suggestive of influenza. Two exceptions to suspect MERS even for those with illness onset within 2 days since immigration are (i) when we observe substantial community transmissions of MERS and (ii) when the cases are at high risk of MERS (e.g. cases with close contact in hospital or household). It is vital to collect the information of the incubation period upon emergence of a novel infectious disease, and moreover, in our model, the fundamental transmission dynamics including the initial growth rate has to be explored to differentiate the disease diagnoses with non-specific symptoms.",2014,Apr,Journal of theoretical biology,346,,47-53,,10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.12.024,24406808,#4885,Ejima 2014,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-08-27 00:20:50)(Select): No original estimates, and model is not one of transmission.; ","" +Unanswered questions about the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).,Gardner LM.; MacIntyre CR.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) represents a current threat to the Arabian Peninsula, and potential pandemic disease. As of June 3, 2014, MERS CoV has reportedly infected 688 people and killed 282. We briefly summarize the state of the outbreak, and highlight unanswered questions and various explanations for the observed epidemiology. The continuing but infrequent cases of MERS-CoV reported over the past two years have been puzzling and difficult to explain. The epidemiology of MERS-CoV, with many sporadic cases and a few hospital outbreaks, yet no sustained epidemic, suggests a low reproductive number. Furthermore, a clear source of infection to humans remains unknown. Also puzzling is the fact that MERS-CoV has been present in Saudi Arabia over several mass gatherings, including the 2012 and 2013 Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages, which predispose to epidemics, without an epidemic arising. The observed epidemiology of MERS-CoV is quite distinct and does not clearly fit either a sporadic or epidemic pattern. Possible explanations of the unusual features of the epidemiology of MERS-CoV include sporadic ongoing infections from a non-human source; human to human transmission with a large proportion of undetected cases; or a combination of both. The virus has been identified in camels; however the mode of transmission of the virus to humans remains unknown, and many cases have no history of animal contact. In order to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of MERS CoV, further investigation is warranted.",2014,Jun,BMC research notes,7,,358,,10.1186/1756-0500-7-358,24920393,#4894,Gardner 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome: what clinicians need to know.,Sampathkumar P.,"A severe viral illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus was first reported in the Middle East in 2012. The virus has since been named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV cases have been reported in several countries around the world in travelers from the Middle East. The illness has a high mortality rate. Limited human-to-human transmission has occurred including transmission to health care workers. The source of the virus remains unclear, but camels are a possible source. Two unrelated imported cases of MERS-CoV have been reported in the United States. Neither a vaccine nor effective therapy against the virus is available. International cooperation and information sharing will be key to understanding and ending the MERS-CoV outbreak.",2014,Aug,Mayo Clinic proceedings,89,8,1153-8,,10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.06.008,25034307,#4901,Sampathkumar 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study.,Cotten M.; Watson SJ.; Kellam P.; Al-Rabeeah AA.; Makhdoom HQ.; Assiri A.; Al-Tawfiq JA.; Alhakeem RF.; Madani H.; AlRabiah FA.; Al Hajjar S.; Al-nassir WN.; Albarrak A.; Flemban H.; Balkhy HH.; Alsubaie S.; Palser AL.; Gall A.; Bashford-Rogers R.; Rambaut A.; Zumla AI.; Memish ZA.,"Since June, 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has, worldwide, caused 104 infections in people including 49 deaths, with 82 cases and 41 deaths reported from Saudi Arabia. In addition to confirming diagnosis, we generated the MERS-CoV genomic sequences obtained directly from patient samples to provide important information on MERS-CoV transmission, evolution, and origin. Full genome deep sequencing was done on nucleic acid extracted directly from PCR-confirmed clinical samples. Viral genomes were obtained from 21 MERS cases of which 13 had 100%, four 85-95%, and four 30-50% genome coverage. Phylogenetic analysis of the 21 sequences, combined with nine published MERS-CoV genomes, was done. Three distinct MERS-CoV genotypes were identified in Riyadh. Phylogeographic analyses suggest the MERS-CoV zoonotic reservoir is geographically disperse. Selection analysis of the MERS-CoV genomes reveals the expected accumulation of genetic diversity including changes in the S protein. The genetic diversity in the Al-Hasa cluster suggests that the hospital outbreak might have had more than one virus introduction. We present the largest number of MERS-CoV genomes (21) described so far. MERS-CoV full genome sequences provide greater detail in tracking transmission. Multiple introductions of MERS-CoV are identified and suggest lower R0 values. Transmission within Saudi Arabia is consistent with either movement of an animal reservoir, animal products, or movement of infected people. Further definition of the exposures responsible for the sporadic introductions of MERS-CoV into human populations is urgently needed. Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health, Wellcome Trust, European Community, and National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.",2013,Dec,"Lancet (London, England)",382,9909,1993-2002,,10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61887-5,24055451,#4917,Cotten 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-24 22:18:25)(Select): evolutionary rate; ,phylo; review +"Emergence of MERS-CoV in the Middle East: origins, transmission, treatment, and perspectives.",Sharif-Yakan A.; Kanj SS.,,2014,Dec,PLoS pathogens,10,12,e1004457,,10.1371/journal.ppat.1004457,25474536,#4925,Sharif-Yakan 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission and phylogenetic evolution.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first described in 2012 and, subsequently, many cases were reported with a lower case fatality rate than initial cases. Humans can become infected within their communities and transmission can then be amplified in the healthcare setting. Contact investigation among cases shows a variable amount of spread among family members and healthcare workers. So far, circulating virus strains remain similar under continuous monitoring, with no genetic changes. Here, we discuss the transmission pattern, phylogenetic evolution, and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV infection.",2014,Oct,Trends in microbiology,22,10,573-9,,10.1016/j.tim.2014.08.001,25178651,#4931,Al-Tawfiq 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +The emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Milne-Price S.; Miazgowicz KL.; Munster VJ.,"On September 20, 2012, a Saudi Arabian physician reported the isolation of a novel coronavirus from a patient with pneumonia on ProMED-mail. Within a few days, the same virus was detected in a Qatari patient receiving intensive care in a London hospital, a situation reminiscent of the role air travel played in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. SARS-CoV originated in China's Guangdong Province and affected more than 8000 patients in 26 countries before it was contained 6 months later. Over a year after the emergence of this novel coronavirus--Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)--it has caused 178 laboratory-confirmed cases and 76 deaths. The emergence of a second highly pathogenic coronavirus within a decade highlights the importance of a coordinated global response incorporating reservoir surveillance, high-containment capacity with fundamental and applied research programs, and dependable communication pathways to ensure outbreak containment. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology, ecology, molecular biology, clinical features, and intervention strategies of the novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV.",2014,Jul,Pathogens and disease,71,2,121-36,,10.1111/2049-632X.12166,24585737,#4946,Milne-Price 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review; useful +Infection control and MERS-CoV in health-care workers.,Zumla A.; Hui DS.,,2014,May,"Lancet (London, England)",383,9932,1869-71,,10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60852-7,24857701,#4958,Zumla 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Emerging respiratory viral infections: MERS-CoV and influenza.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,,2014,Jan,The Lancet. Respiratory medicine,2,1,23-5,,10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70255-8,24461892,#4974,Al-Tawfiq 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus - two years into the epidemic.,Sprenger M.; Coulombier D.,,2014,Apr,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,19,16,20783,,,24786257,#4986,Sprenger 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 20:10:44)(Select): editorial; ,"" +The epidemiology of MERS-CoV.,Fisman DN.; Tuite AR.,,2014,Jan,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,14,1,6-7,,10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70283-4,24239325,#4990,Fisman 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Acute febrile respiratory infection symptoms in Australian Hajjis at risk of exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Rashid H.; Barasheed O.; Booy R.,,2013,Oct,The Medical journal of Australia,199,7,453,,,24099191,#4991,Rashid 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 20:21:35)(Select): not peer reviewed?; ,"" +Has Hajj-associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus transmission occurred? The case for effective post-Hajj surveillance for infection.,Rashid H.; Azeem MI.; Heron L.; Haworth E.; Booy R.; Memish ZA.,,2014,Apr,Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,20,4,273-6,,10.1111/1469-0691.12492,24313466,#4994,Rashid 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +The emergence of a new corona virus--MERS-CoV: hind sight is always 20/20.,Balkhy H.,,2013,Oct,Journal of infection and public health,6,5,317-8,,10.1016/j.jiph.2013.06.002,23999344,#4996,Balkhy 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-21 19:22:32)(Select): editorial; ,intervention; review +Emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Coleman CM.; Frieman MB.,,2013,,PLoS pathogens,9,9,e1003595,,10.1371/journal.ppat.1003595,24039577,#5002,Coleman 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +MERS-CoV: address the knowledge gaps to move forward.,"",,2014,May,"Lancet (London, England)",383,9931,1782,,10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60864-3,24856011,#5003,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,review +Tracking the transmission and evolution of MERS-CoV.,Hui DS.,,2013,Dec,"Lancet (London, England)",382,9909,1962-4,,10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61955-8,24055454,#5004,Hui 2013,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-31 07:56:24)(Select): comment; ,useful +MERS-CoV enigma deepens as reported cases surge.,Holmes D.,,2014,May,"Lancet (London, England)",383,9931,1793,,,24868566,#5005,Holmes 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,review +Medusa's ugly head again: from SARS to MERS-CoV.,Perl TM.; McGeer A.; Price CS.,,2014,Mar,Annals of internal medicine,160,6,432-3,,10.7326/M14-0096,24474146,#5016,Perl 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:36:27)(Select): also editorial; ,review; useful +First US MERS-CoV cases underscore need for preparedness.,Malani P.,,2014,Jun,JAMA,311,21,2160-1,,10.1001/jama.2014.6019,24893074,#5027,Malani 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 19:53:25)(Select): not peer reviewed?; ,"" +MERS-CoV--are we on the verge of a pandemic?,Jamil B.; Habib K.,,2013,Nov,JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association,63,11,1329-31,,,24392512,#5044,Jamil 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,"" +Assessing the pandemic potential of MERS-CoV.,Bauch CT.; Oraby T.,,2013,Aug,"Lancet (London, England)",382,9893,662-4,,10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61504-4,23831143,#5045,Bauch 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +WHO voices concern over rising numbers of MERS-CoV cases.,Gulland A.,,2014,Apr,BMJ (Clinical research ed.),348,,g2968,,10.1136/bmj.g2968,24778282,#5046,Gulland 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-24 21:57:57)(Select): news report; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in health care workers.,Memish ZA.; Zumla AI.; Assiri A.,,2013,Aug,The New England journal of medicine,369,9,884-6,,10.1056/NEJMc1308698,23923992,#5048,Memish 2013,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:09:47)(Select): 7 cases?; ,"" +Novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Wiwanitkit V.,,2014,Jan,Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi,113,1,65,,10.1016/j.jfma.2013.08.009,24055338,#5049,Wiwanitkit 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 19:48:44)(Select): also I don't think it is pr; ,review +Need for global cooperation in control of MERS-CoV.,The Lancet Infectious Diseases .,,2013,Aug,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,13,8,639,,10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70205-6,23886321,#5054,TheLancetInfectiousDiseases 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemic potential or a storm in a teacup?,Zumla AI.; Memish ZA.,,2014,May,The European respiratory journal,43,5,1243-8,,10.1183/09031936.00227213,24627533,#5064,Zumla 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Hospital-associated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections.,Harriman K.; Brosseau L.; Trivedi K.,,2013,10,The New England journal of medicine,369,18,1761,,10.1056/NEJMc1311004,24171525,#5067,Harriman 2013,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Isobel Routledge (2019-10-25 00:48:17)(Select): correspondence, also no clear parameters; ","" +MERS-CoV: a global challenge.,"",,2013,Jun,"Lancet (London, England)",381,9882,1960,,10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61184-8,23746882,#5081,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-13 03:05:29)(Select): but gives link to paper on incubation period - I'll tag as useful because we need to check that paper; Janetta Skarp (2019-11-13 03:04:37)(Select): looks like news; ,useful +[MERS-CoV: a new virus from Saudi Arabia].,Bourée P.,"Since about a year, a new pulmonary pathology occurred in Saudi Arabia and some cases are imported in Europa. This disease is due to a coronavirus named MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndome Coronavirus). The main symptoms are fever, pulmonary and digestive troubles, with a risk of nosocomial transmission and a mortality of about 42%. The reservoir is probably the dromedary camel and the bat is the vector. There is no specific treatment or vaccine.",2014,Apr,La Revue du praticien,64,4,457-60,,,24855771,#5082,Bourée 2014,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,review +MERS-CoV: in search of answers.,Petherick A.,,2013,Jun,"Lancet (London, England)",381,9883,2069,,,23776959,#5084,Petherick 2013,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-11 20:59:36)(Select): world report - not peer reviewed??; ,review +Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013.,Barasheed O.; Rashid H.; Alfelali M.; Tashani M.; Azeem M.; Bokhary H.; Kalantan N.; Samkari J.; Heron L.; Kok J.; Taylor J.; El Bashir H.; Memish ZA.; Haworth E.; Holmes EC.; Dwyer DE.; Asghar A.; Booy R.; .,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the 'Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-CoV at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038 (11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49 (44%) were male and 35 (31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two (38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28 (25%) rhinovirus, 5 (4%) influenza A, 2 (2%) adenovirus, 2 (2%) human coronavirus OC43/229E, 2 (2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1 (1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2 (2%) dual infections. No MERS-CoV was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.",2014,Dec,Virologica Sinica,29,6,364-71,,10.1007/s12250-014-3507-x,25413828,#5094,Barasheed 2014,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-21 21:58:01)(Select): negative seroprevalence amongst pilgrims. Do we care about pilgrims as a group (are they a more high-risk group for example)? If yes, include -- if no, exclude. ; ","" +Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj-part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program.,Memish ZA.; Almasri M.; Turkestani A.; Al-Shangiti AM.; Yezli S.,"Pneumonia is the leading cause of hospital admission during the annual Islamic pilgrimage (Hajj). The etiology of severe pneumonia is complex and includes the newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Since 2012, the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) has required screening for MERS-CoV for all cases of severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization. We aimed to screen Hajj pilgrims admitted to healthcare facilities in 2013 with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) for MERS-CoV and to determine other etiologies. Sputum samples were collected from all pilgrims admitted to 15 healthcare facilities in the cities of Makkah and Medina, Saudi Arabia, who were diagnosed with severe CAP on admission, presenting with bilateral pneumonia. The medical records were reviewed to collect information on age, gender, nationality, and patient outcome. Samples were screened for MERS-CoV by PCR, and a respiratory multiplex array was used to detect up to 22 other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria; they were predominantly elderly (mean age 58.6 years, range 25-83 years) and male (68.4%), and all were from developing countries. Fourteen of the 38 patients died (36.8%). MERS-CoV was not detected in any of the samples. Other respiratory pathogens were detected in 26 (68.4%) samples. Of these, bacterial pathogens were detected in 84.6% (22/26) and viruses in 80.7% (21/26). Twenty-one (80.7%) samples were positive for more than one respiratory pathogen and 17 (65.3%) were positive for both bacteria and viruses. The most common respiratory virus was human rhinovirus, detected in 57.7% of the positive samples, followed by influenza A virus (23.1%) and human coronaviruses (19.2%). Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the predominant bacteria, detected in 57.7% and 53.8%, respectively, of the positive samples, followed by Moraxella catarrhalis (36.4%). MERS-CoV was not the cause of severe CAP in any of the hospitalized pilgrims investigated. However we identified a variety of other respiratory pathogens in the sputum of this small number of patients. This indicates that the etiology of severe CAP in Hajj is complex with implications regarding its management.",2014,Aug,International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases,25,,186-90,,10.1016/j.ijid.2014.06.003,24970703,#5099,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:02:47)(Select): no detection of MERS-Cov by PCR; ,"" +Emerging respiratory viruses other than influenza.,Dunn JJ.; Miller MB.,"Non-influenza respiratory virus infections are common worldwide and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. The recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia and high mortality rate. Adenovirus 14 has been increasingly recognized in severe acute respiratory illness in both military and civilian individuals. Rhinovirus C and human bocavirus type 1 have been commonly detected in infants and young children with respiratory tract infection and studies have shown a positive correlation between respiratory illness and high viral loads, mono-infection, viremia, and/or serologically-confirmed primary infection.",2014,Jun,Clinics in laboratory medicine,34,2,409-30,,10.1016/j.cll.2014.02.011,24856535,#5106,Dunn 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 03:01:30)(Select): got hard copy from british library; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 23:53:29)(Select): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272271214000250 can't get full access through imperial; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND; on list for library; review +"Investigation of an imported case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Florence, Italy, May to June 2013.",Puzelli S.; Azzi A.; Santini MG.; Di Martino A.; Facchini M.; Castrucci MR.; Meola M.; Arvia R.; Corcioli F.; Pierucci F.; Baretti S.; Bartoloni A.; Bartolozzi D.; de Martino M.; Galli L.; Pompa MG.; Rezza G.; Balocchini E.; Donatelli I.,"On 31 May 2013, the first case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Italy was laboratory confirmed in a previously healthy adult man, who developed pneumonia with moderate respiratory distress after returning from a holiday in Jordan. Two secondary cases were identified through contact tracing, among family members and colleagues who had not previously travelled abroad. Both secondary cases developed mild illness. All three patients recovered fully.",2013,Aug,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,18,34,,,,23987829,#5119,Puzelli 2013,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +"Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: an assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014.",Fanoy EB.; van der Sande MA.; Kraaij-Dirkzwager M.; Dirksen K.; Jonges M.; van der Hoek W.; Koopmans MP.; van der Werf D.; Sonder G.; van der Weijden C.; van der Heuvel J.; Gelinck L.; Bouwhuis JW.; van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB.,"In May 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, with closely related viral genomes, was diagnosed in two Dutch residents, returning from a pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These patients travelled with a group of 29 other Dutch travellers. We conducted an epidemiological assessment of the travel group to identify likely source(s) of infection and presence of potential risk factors. All travellers, including the two cases, completed a questionnaire focussing on potential human, animal and food exposures to MERS-CoV. The questionnaire was modified from the WHO MERS-CoV questionnaire, taking into account the specific route and activities of the travel group. Twelve non-cases drank unpasteurized camel milk and had contact with camels. Most travellers, including one of the two patients (Case 1), visited local markets, where six of them consumed fruits. Two travellers, including Case 1, were exposed to coughing patients when visiting a hospital in Medina. Four travellers, including Case 1, visited two hospitals in Mecca. All travellers had been in contact with Case 1 while he was sick, with initially non-respiratory complaints. The cases were found to be older than the other travellers and both had co-morbidities. This epidemiological study revealed the complexity of MERS-CoV outbreak investigations with multiple potential exposures to MERS-CoV reported such as healthcare visits, camel exposure, and exposure to untreated food products. Exposure to MERS-CoV during a hospital visit is considered a likely source of infection for Case 1 but not for Case 2. For Case 2, the most likely source could not be determined. Exposure to MERS-CoV via direct contact with animals or dairy products seems unlikely for the two Dutch cases. Furthermore, exposure to a common but still unidentified source cannot be ruled out. More comprehensive research into sources of infection in the Arabian Peninsula is needed to strengthen and specify the prevention of MERS-CoV infections.",2014,,Emerging themes in epidemiology,11,,16,,10.1186/1742-7622-11-16,25328533,#5122,Fanoy 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-30 06:39:01)(Select): no calculations of odds ratios; ,"" +Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission.,Guery B.; Poissy J.; el Mansouf L.; Séjourné C.; Ettahar N.; Lemaire X.; Vuotto F.; Goffard A.; Behillil S.; Enouf V.; Caro V.; Mailles A.; Che D.; Manuguerra JC.; Mathieu D.; Fontanet A.; van der Werf S.; .,"Human infection with a novel coronavirus named Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East in September, 2012, with 44 laboratory-confirmed cases as of May 23, 2013. We report detailed clinical and virological data for two related cases of MERS-CoV disease, after nosocomial transmission of the virus from one patient to another in a French hospital. Patient 1 visited Dubai in April, 2013; patient 2 lives in France and did not travel abroad. Both patients had underlying immunosuppressive disorders. We tested specimens from the upper (nasopharyngeal swabs) or the lower (bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) respiratory tract and whole blood, plasma, and serum specimens for MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR targeting the upE and Orf1A genes of MERS-CoV. Initial clinical presentation included fever, chills, and myalgia in both patients, and for patient 1, diarrhoea. Respiratory symptoms rapidly became predominant with acute respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Both patients developed acute renal failure. MERS-CoV was detected in lower respiratory tract specimens with high viral load (eg, cycle threshold [Ct] values of 22·9 for upE and 24 for Orf1a for a bronchoalveolar lavage sample from patient 1; Ct values of 22·5 for upE and 23·9 for Orf1a for an induced sputum sample from patient 2), whereas nasopharyngeal specimens were weakly positive or inconclusive. The two patients shared the same room for 3 days. The incubation period was estimated at 9-12 days for the second case. No secondary transmission was documented in hospital staff despite the absence of specific protective measures before the diagnosis of MERS-CoV was suspected. Patient 1 died on May 28, due to refractory multiple organ failure. Patients with respiratory symptoms returning from the Middle East or exposed to a confirmed case should be isolated and investigated for MERS-CoV with lower respiratory tract sample analysis and an assumed incubation period of 12 days. Immunosuppression should also be taken into account as a risk factor. French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, ANR grant Labex Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme projects EMPERIE and PREDEMICS.",2013,Jun,"Lancet (London, England)",381,9885,2265-72,,10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60982-4,23727167,#5125,Guery 2013,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,missed duplicate +MERS-CoV update: what you need to know.,Cetra A.,,2014,Oct,The Lancet. Infectious diseases,14,10,924-5,,,25379596,#5137,Cetra 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-23 20:20:35)(Select): news article ; ,review +Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS CoV): case reports from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.,Khalid M.; Khan B.; Al Rabiah F.; Alismaili R.; Saleemi S.; Rehan-Khaliq AM.; Weheba I.; Al Abdely H.; Halim M.; Nadri QJ.; Al Dalaan AM.; Zeitouni M.; Butt T.; Al Mutairy E.,"Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome caused by novel coronavirus (MERS CoV) has been a major public health challenge since it was first described in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. So far, there is no effective treatment for this serious illness, which features a high mortality rate. We report an initial experience of the use of ribavirin and interferon (IFN)-a2b in the management of MERS CoV at a tertiary care hospital. A case series of 6 patients admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of MERS CoV were treated with ribavirin and IFN-a2b in addition to supportive management. The patients' demographics, clinical parameters, and outcomes were recorded. Fifty-four close contacts of these patients were screened for MERS CoV. Six patients with MERS CoV infection were included in this study. Four cases featured symptomatic disease, including pneumonia and respiratory failure, while 2 were asymptomatic close contacts of the MERS CoV patients. The MERS CoV infection was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection of the consensus viral RNA targets upstream of the E gene (UPE) and open reading frame (ORF1b) on a sputum sample. The patients' demographics, comorbid conditions, time to diagnosis and initiation of treatment, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Three out of 6 patients who had comorbid conditions died during the study period, while 3 had suc.cessful outcomes. The diagnosis and treatment was delayed by an average of 15 days in those patients who died. Only 2 close contacts out of the 54 screened (3.7%) were positive for MERS CoV. Treatment with ribavirin and IFN-a2b may be effective in patients infected with MERS CoV. There appears to be a low infectivity rate among close contacts of MERS CoV patients.",,,Annals of Saudi medicine,34,5,396-400,,10.5144/0256-4947.2014.396,25827696,#5140,,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:06:48)(Select): only 6 cases; ,"" +"Human infection with MERS coronavirus after exposure to infected camels, Saudi Arabia, 2013.",Memish ZA.; Cotten M.; Meyer B.; Watson SJ.; Alsahafi AJ.; Al Rabeeah AA.; Corman VM.; Sieberg A.; Makhdoom HQ.; Assiri A.; Al Masri M.; Aldabbagh S.; Bosch BJ.; Beer M.; Müller MA.; Kellam P.; Drosten C.,We investigated a case of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after exposure to infected camels. Analysis of the whole human-derived virus and 15% of the camel-derived virus sequence yielded nucleotide polymorphism signatures suggestive of cross-species transmission. Camels may act as a direct source of human MERS-CoV infection.,2014,Jun,Emerging infectious diseases,20,6,1012-5,,10.3201/eid2006.140402,24857749,#5144,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:05:57)(Select): 7 cases?; ,"" +Transmission scenarios for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and how to tell them apart.,Cauchemez S.; Van Kerkhove MD.; Riley S.; Donnelly CA.; Fraser C.; Ferguson NM.,"Detection of human cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection internationally is a global public health concern. Rigorous risk assessment is particularly challenging in a context where surveillance may be subject to under-ascertainment and a selection bias towards more severe cases. We would like to assess whether the virus is capable of causing widespread human epidemics, and whether self-sustaining transmission is already under way. Here we review possible transmission scenarios for MERS-CoV and their implications for risk assessment and control. We discuss how existing data, future investigations and analyses may help in reducing uncertainty and refining the public health risk assessment and present analytical approaches that allow robust assessment of epidemiological characteristics, even from partial and biased surveillance data. Finally, we urge that adequate data be collected on future cases to permit rigorous assessment of the transmission characteristics and severity of MERS-CoV, and the public health threat it may pose. Going beyond minimal case reporting, open international collaboration, under the guidance of the World Health Organization and the International Health Regulations, will impact on how this potential epidemic unfolds and prospects for control.",2013,Jun,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,18,24,,,,23787162,#5166,Cauchemez 2013,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-23 01:48:29)(Select): interesting, but more hypothetical -- doesn't have relevant numbers in-text +; ","" +Travel implications of emerging coronaviruses: SARS and MERS-CoV.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Zumla A.; Memish ZA.,The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and of the Middle East Syndrome Cornavirus (MERS-CoV) caused widespread fear and concern for their potential threat to global health security. There are similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two diseases. The origin of SARS-COV and MERS-CoV is thought to be an animal source with subsequent transmission to humans. The identification of both the intermediate host and the exact route of transmission of MERS-CoV is crucial for the subsequent prevention of the introduction of the virus into the human population. So far MERS-CoV had resulted in a limited travel-associated human cases with no major events related to the Hajj.,,,Travel medicine and infectious disease,12,5,422-8,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.06.007,25047726,#5173,,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-10-03 21:28:37)(Select): incubation period etc ; ,review; useful +"Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections, Tunisia, 2013.",Abroug F.; Slim A.; Ouanes-Besbes L.; Hadj Kacem MA.; Dachraoui F.; Ouanes I.; Lu X.; Tao Y.; Paden C.; Caidi H.; Miao C.; Al-Hajri MM.; Zorraga M.; Ghaouar W.; BenSalah A.; Gerber SI.; .,"In 2013 in Tunisia, 3 persons in 1 family were infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The index case-patient's respiratory tract samples were negative for MERS-CoV by reverse transcription PCR, but diagnosis was retrospectively confirmed by PCR of serum. Sequences clustered with those from Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.",2014,Sep,Emerging infectious diseases,20,9,1527-30,,10.3201/eid2009.140378,25148113,#5181,Abroug 2014,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.,Arabi YM.; Arifi AA.; Balkhy HH.; Najm H.; Aldawood AS.; Ghabashi A.; Hawa H.; Alothman A.; Khaldi A.; Al Raiy B.,"Since September 2012, 170 confirmed infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported to the World Health Organization, including 72 deaths. Data on critically ill patients with MERS-CoV infection are limited. To describe the critical illness associated with MERS-CoV. Case series. 3 intensive care units (ICUs) at 2 tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. 12 patients with confirmed or probable MERS-CoV infection. Presenting symptoms, comorbid conditions, pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, measures of severity of illness and organ failure, ICU course, and outcome are described, as are the results of surveillance of health care workers (HCWs) and patients with potential exposure. Between December 2012 and August 2013, 114 patients were tested for suspected MERS-CoV; of these, 11 ICU patients (10%) met the definition of confirmed or probable cases. Three of these patients were part of a health care-associated cluster that also included 3 HCWs. One HCW became critically ill and was the 12th patient in this case series. Median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 28 (range, 16 to 36). All 12 patients had underlying comorbid conditions and presented with acute severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Most patients (92%) had extrapulmonary manifestations, including shock, acute kidney injury, and thrombocytopenia. Five (42%) were alive at day 90. Of the 520 exposed HCWs, only 4 (1%) were positive. The sample size was small. MERS-CoV causes severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and considerable extrapulmonary organ dysfunction and is associated with high mortality. Community-acquired and health care-associated MERS-CoV infection occurs in patients with chronic comorbid conditions. The health care-associated cluster suggests that human-to-human transmission does occur with unprotected exposure. None.",2014,Mar,Annals of internal medicine,160,6,389-97,,10.7326/M13-2486,24474051,#5183,Arabi 2014,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,"" +Seroepidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in Saudi Arabia (1993) and Australia (2014) and characterisation of assay specificity.,Hemida MG.; Perera RA.; Al Jassim RA.; Kayali G.; Siu LY.; Wang P.; Chu KW.; Perlman S.; Ali MA.; Alnaeem A.; Guan Y.; Poon LL.; Saif L.; Peiris M.,The pseudoparticle virus neutralisation test (ppNT) and a conventional microneutralisation (MN) assay are specific for detecting antibodies to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) when used in seroepidemiological studies in animals. Genetically diverse MERS-CoV appear antigenically similar in MN tests. We confirm that MERS-CoV was circulating in dromedaries in Saudi Arabia in 1993. Preliminary data suggest that feral Australian dromedaries may be free of MERS-CoV but larger confirmatory studies are needed.,2014,Jun,Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin,19,23,,,,24957744,#5185,Hemida 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,Seroprevalence in animals +"Update: Severe respiratory illness associated with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)--worldwide, 2012-2013.", .,"CDC continues to work in consultation with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners to better understand the public health risk posed by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), formerly known as novel coronavirus, which was first reported to cause human infection in September 2012. The continued reporting of new cases indicates that there is an ongoing risk for transmission to humans in the area of the Arabian Peninsula. New reports of cases outside the region raise concerns about importation to other geographic areas. Nosocomial outbreaks with transmission to health-care personnel highlight the importance of infection control procedures. Recent data suggest that mild respiratory illness might be part of the clinical spectrum of MERS-CoV infection, and presentations might not initially include respiratory symptoms. In addition, patients with comorbidities or immunosuppression might be at increased risk for infection, severe disease, or both. Importantly, the incubation period might be longer than previously estimated. Finally, lower respiratory tract specimens (e.g., sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial wash, or tracheal aspirate) should be collected in addition to nasopharyngeal sampling for evaluation of patients under investigation. An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) was recently issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to allow for expanded availability of diagnostic testing in the United States.",2013,Jun,MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,62,23,480-3,,,23760190,#5187,,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV).,Todd B.,,2014,Jan,The American journal of nursing,114,1,56-9,,10.1097/01.NAJ.0000441802.95065.49,24370530,#5195,Todd 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease control measures.,Al-Tawfiq JA.; Memish ZA.,"The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in 2012 resulted in an increased concern of the spread of the infection globally. MERS-CoV infection had previously caused multiple health-care-associated outbreaks and resulted in transmission of the virus within families. Community onset MERS-CoV cases continue to occur. Dromedary camels are currently the most likely animal to be linked to human MERS-CoV cases. Serologic tests showed significant infection in adult camels compared to juvenile camels. The control of MERS-CoV infection relies on prompt identification of cases within health care facilities, with institutions applying appropriate infection control measures. In addition, determining the exact route of transmission from camels to humans would further add to the control measures of MERS-CoV infection.",2014,,Infection and drug resistance,7,,281-7,,10.2147/IDR.S51283,25395865,#5199,Al-Tawfiq 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a perpetual challenge.,Hajjar SA.; Memish ZA.; McIntosh K.,,,,Annals of Saudi medicine,33,5,427-36,,10.5144/0256-4947.2013.427,24188935,#5201,,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): evidence and speculations.,Abdel-Moneim AS.,"In 2012, a novel human coronavirus emerged and was tentatively named ""Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus"" (MERS-CoV). The high mortality rate of MERS-CoV focused attention on the ecology of the virus. It has been found that MERS-CoV belongs to the group C lineage of the genus Betacoronavirus. Coronavirus surveillance studies in different populations of bats have suggested that they are probable reservoirs for this novel virus, and phylogenetic analysis of both the spike (S1) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins of MERS-CoV have revealed that it is related to bat viruses. Recently, the MERS-CoV and its neutralizing antibodies were detected in dromedary camels. Despite the limited number of reported cases of person-to-person transmission, the rapid evolution of the virus poses a continuous threat to humans worldwide. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the virology, clinical spectrum, evolution, diagnosis and treatment of MERS-CoV infections.",2014,Jul,Archives of virology,159,7,1575-84,,10.1007/s00705-014-1995-5,24515532,#5204,Abdel-Moneim 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2025-07-22 23:04:48)(Select): unclear whether brief reviews are peer reviewed; Amy Dighe (2019-06-27 20:00:15)(Select): review - references case fatality rate; ,review +Estimation of the case fatality ratio of MERS epidemics using information on patients’ severity condition,황선영; 오창혁,"The first patient of Middle East respiratory syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus infection in Korea was confirmed on May 20, 2015. After that, MERS spread over the country. In recent years, patients of MERS have been found around the Arabian Peninsula and the case fatality ratio of MERS in those area was been reported to range from 30 to 40%. In this paper, we estimate the case fatality ratio of MERS of Korea using data of 186 infections until December 1, 2015. In this study we propose a novel estimator of the case fatality ratio using information of the patients severity condition as well as records on the days of confirmation and death or recovery of the patient. By using publicly available data of the Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control, we evaluate a performance of the estimator and demonstrate a stability of the estimator from the early stage of the epidemic.",2016,,Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Sociaty,27,3,599-607,,10.7465/jkdi.2016.27.3.599,1496,#10191,황선영 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in Korea, 2015",최은화,"Since April 2012, more than 1,600 laboratory-confirmed human infections with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported, occurring primarily in countries in the Arabian Peninsula; the majority in Saudi Arabia. The MERS outbreak in Korea, which began in May 2015 through the importation of a single case who had recently traveled to Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. As of November 28th, 186 secondary and tertiary cases had been reported; 38 deaths, mainly associated with underlying chronic illnesses, were reported. One case was exported to China and has been recorded as the first MERS case in China. Thirty-seven confirmed cases were associated with the index case, who was hospitalized from May 15 to May 17. Emergency room at one of the nation’s largest hospitals had been affected by hospital-to-hospital and intra-hospital transmissions of MERS-CoV, resulting in an outbreak of 90 infected patients. The vast majority of 186 confirmed cases are linked to a single transmission chain associated with health facilities. The median age of patients is 55 years, with a range of 16 to 87 years. The majority (61%) of patients are men. Twenty-five (14%) of the cases involve healthcare workers.The overall median incubation period was six days, but it was four days for secondary cases and six days for tertiary cases. There has been no evidence of airborne transmission and sustained human-to-human transmission in communities. Intensified public health measures, including contact tracing, quarantine and isolation of all contacts and suspected cases, and infection prevention and control have brought the MERSCoV under control in Korea. Since 4 July no new cases have been reported.",2015,,Pediatric Infection and Vaccine,22,3,131-135,,,1991,#10193,최은화 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Children,이현주; 한미선,"Since 2012, outbreaks of the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been reported, including the Republic of Korea. To date, most of the people infected with the virus are adults. Herein we describe the clinical characteristics of cases of MERS-CoV infection among children. As of October 29, 2015, MERS-CoV has caused 34 pediatric infections, which accounts for 2.1% of all cases. The median age was 13 years (range 9 months to 17 years) and where gender has been reported (n=33), 57.6% cases were male. About half of the patients were asymptomatic and the majority of the symptomatic patients had respiratory symptoms. In general, the clinical outcome in children was favorable.Among the four patients who died of progressive pneumonia, three had documented comorbidities. MERS-CoV infection in children has a lower incidence and mortality compared to adults.",2015,,Pediatric Infection and Vaccine,22,3,143-146,,,1993,#10214,이현주 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome - need for increased vigilance and watchful surveillance for MERS-CoV in sub-Saharan Africa,"Zumla, Alimuddin; Rustomjee, Roxana; Ntoumi, Francine; Mwaba, Peter; Bates, Matthew; Maeurer, Markus; Hui, David S.; Petersen, Eskild",,2015,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,37,Journal Article,77-79,,10.1016/j.ijid.2015.06.020,1734,#10252,Zumla 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +An update on A(H7N9) and MERS-CoV: advice to health care professionals during influenza season.,"Taylor, G.","This paper presents recommendations and guidelines from the Canada Deputy Chief Public Health Officer, and meant for health care professionals, for the management of influenza, particularly avian influenza A (H7N9) infection and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Updated data on disease epidemiology is presented, and useful website links relating to the infections discussed are included.",2013,,Canada Communicable Disease Report,39,2,unpaginated-unpaginated,,,2616,#10410,Taylor 2013,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lily Geidelberg (2019-11-01 21:36:44)(Select): can calculate CFR; ,"" +Ten lessons learned from the recent outbreak of the Middle East respiratory syndrome,"Tavana, Ali Mehrabi","From 2012 till the present, the name of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has been heard many a times in the mass media and many papers that have been published in different scientific journals, but one question has remained-What is the lesson learned about MERS epidemic at the present time and what can really be done in order to prevent the matter? I would like to bring your attention to what could be done at the present time, based on lessons learned from MERS outbreak in the world.",2017,,Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health,10,1,231-233,,10.4103/1755-6783.205574,914,#10412,Tavana 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-30 21:08:04)(Select): full text html access is free though!; Amy Dighe (2019-07-30 01:29:58)(Select): pay wall http://www.atmph.org/subscriberlogin.asp?rd=article.asp?issn=1755-6783;year=2017;volume=10;issue=1;spage=231;epage=233;aulast=Tavana;type=2; ,review +Transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections among healthcare personnel in the Middle East: A systematic review,"Rahman, Syed Ata Ur","Purpose: To undertake a systematic review of the high mortality rate of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections (MERS-CoV) among healthcare personnel in the Middle East. Methods: To conduct this systematic review various electronic databases were searched for earlier recorded studies. Prisma guidelines were used to shortlist the studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criterion. Finally, twelve studies were selected and analysed for the systematic review. Results: Twelve articles were selected after filtering 184 articles on Coronavirus. The studies chosen for this systematic review which outline the transmission information of MERS-CoV among health care personnel. A majority of studies were from Saudi Arabia, as the prevalence of Mers-CoV in Saudi Arabia is higher than in other countries in the region. Mers-CoV transmission into humans was mainly expected from infected dromedary camels. Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of infection control procedures and protocols, which include ensuring that all persons with respiratory infection symptoms adhere to respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene, and cough etiquette, would minimize the infection rate among HCPs. The required consumables for maintaining hand hygiene should be readily available to all HCPs.",2018,,Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,17,4,731-739,,10.4314/tjpr.v17i4.24,314,#10452,Rahman 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: What Do We Know?,"Sousou, Jeanann","Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a viral respiratory infection initially reported in the Saudi Arabian peninsula in 2012. This epidemic has crossed from Middle Eastern countries into many European and Asian countries. Recently, the United States and United Kingdom have also been impacted. Although there is very little information about its transmission, it is important for the advanced practice nurse to be updated on the current information provided by the Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization. This report addresses the risks, symptoms, diagnosis, and implications related to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.",2015,,Jnp-Journal for Nurse Practitioners,11,1,131-134,,10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.09.019,2053,#10527,Sousou 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Dynamics of Coronavirus Infection in Human,"Rihan, Fathalla A.; Al-Salti, Nasser S.; Anwar, Mohamed-Naim Y.","Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CorV), was discovered in humans with lower respiratory tract infection, causes a range of illnesses in humans, from the common cold to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Scientists give much attention to study the CorV infection among groups and travelers. In this paper, we utilize a mathematical model governed by a system of differential equations, which incorporate target cell limitation and the innate interferon response, investigate the innate and adaptive immune responses to primary CorV infection in an individual. We also investigate the sensitivity analysis of the model to determine the most sensitive parameters and informative subintervals. This study may promote clearance of virus and host recovery from infection.",2018,,Mathematical Methods and Computational Techniques in Science and Engineering Ii,1982,Journal Article,020009-1-020009-1,,10.1063/1.5045415,431,#10562,Rihan 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:47:42)(Select): presence of epi parameters not clear to me?; ,"" +"SARS, MERS and the sunspot cycle","Qu, Jiangwen; Wickramasinghe, Chandra",,2017,,Current science,113,8,1501-1502,,,551,#10650,Qu 2017,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Update MERS.,"Prange-Schmidt, S.","In April 2012, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was diagnosed for the first time in a patient in the Arabian Peninsula. While it is related to the SARS coronavirus, many aspects of MERS are not yet fully understood. In light of the recent cases of MERS infection, this article provides a discussion on MERS-CoV and MERS. It describes the reservoir, transmission, morphology of MERS, MERS virus in the Arabian Peninsula, travel advice, procedure in medical facilities and reporting obligation of patients suspected of MERS infection. A flow diagram for clarification of MERS-suspected cases is provided.",2015,,Krankenhaus-Hygiene + Infektionsverhutung,37,5,209-212,,,1998,#10674,Prange-Schmidt 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Virology vigilance - an update on MERS and viral mutation and epidemiology for family doctors,"Pocock, Lesley; Rezaeian, Mohsen",This paper reviews aspects of virus mutation and spread generally as well as providing a review of the major viruses affecting people in the MENA and MESA regions.,2015,,World Family Medicine,13,5,52-59,,10.5742/MEWFM.2015.92692,1800,#10696,Pocock 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-30 00:48:27)(Select): pay wall https://platform.almanhal.com/Reader/Article/69654; ,FULL TEXT PAYWALL; on list for library; review +State of Knowledge and Data Gaps of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Humans.,Who Mers-Cov Research Group,"BACKGROUND: Between September 2012 and 22 October 2013, 144 laboratory-confirmed and 17 probable MERS-CoV cases from nine countries were notified to WHO. METHODS: We summarize what is known about the epidemiology, virology, phylogeny and emergence of MERS-CoV to inform public health policies. RESULTS: The median age of patients (n=161) was 50 years (range 14 months to 94 years), 64.5% were male and 63.4% experienced severe respiratory disease. 76.0% of patients were reported to have ≥1 underlying medical condition and fatal cases, compared to recovered or asymptomatic cases were more likely to have an underlying condition (86.8% vs. 42.4%, p<0.001). Analysis of genetic sequence data suggests multiple independent introductions into human populations and modelled estimates using epidemiologic and genetic data suggest R0 is <1, though the upper range of estimates may exceed 1. Index/sporadic cases (cases with no epidemiologic-link to other cases) were more likely to be older (median 59.0 years vs. 43.0 years, p<0.001) compared to secondary cases, although these proportions have declined over time. 80.9% vs. 67.2% of index/sporadic and secondary cases, respectively, reported ≥1 underlying condition. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Nearly all symptomatic patients presented with respiratory symptoms and 1/3 of patients also had gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV has not been observed. Outbreaks have been extinguished without overly aggressive isolation and quarantine suggesting that transmission of virus may be stopped with implementation of appropriate infection control measures.",2013,,PLoS currents,5,Journal Article,,,10.1371/currents.outbreaks.0bf719e352e7478f8ad85fa30127ddb8,2633,#10877,WhoMers-CovResearchGroup 2013,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Some Epidemiological Studies on Mers Coronavirus in Dromedaries in the United Arab Emirates- a Short Communication,"Wernery, U.","The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) caused by a coronavirus emerged in the Middle East in 2012, and has killed so far more than 300 people most of them in Saudi Arabia. MERS is a zoonotic disease and transmission from the dromedary camel to humans has been documented. However, most cases occur between humans. The low incidence of transmission from camel to human has several reasons. The virus is excreted only for 8 days and mainly young dromedaries are infected which have very little or no contact to their caretakers. It has yet not been proven how and from where the calves get there infection. Over 90% of adult dromedaries possess specific MERS-CoV antibodies and do not shed the virus. Thirty dromedaries (15 dams and 15 calves) were tested at the Saudi Arabian border to the UAE for MERS-CoV infection. All dams had seroconverted, but were PCR and virus negative. However, 13 of their offsprings had antibodies to MERS-CoV, 11 (73%) were positive in PCR and from 5 (33%) MERS-CoV was isolated. A visit 8 days later showed that all had seroconverted, 4 (27%) remained PCR positive but none exhibited virus in their nasal cavities.",2014,,Journal of Camel Practice and Research,21,1,1-4,,10.5958/2277-8934.2014.00001.0,2262,#10891,Wernery 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,FULL TEXT PAYWALL +Emerging Infectious Diseases: a Review,"Watkins, Kevin","This review highlights some of the recent concerning emerging infectious diseases, a number of them specifically that the World Health Organization has categorized as priorities for research. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases account for significant losses in not only human life, but also financially. There are a number of contributing factors, most commonly surrounding human behavior, that lead to disease emergence. Zoonoses are the most common type of infection, specifically from viral pathogens. The most recent emerging diseases in the USA are Emergomyces canadensis, the Heartland virus, and the Bourbon virus. In addition to the aforementioned pathogens, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Nipah virus, New Delhi metallo--lactamase-1 Enterobacteriaceae, Rift Valley Fever virus, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus are reviewed. These pathogens are very concerning with a high risk for potential epidemic, ultimately causing both significant mortality and financial costs. Research should be focused on monitoring, prevention, and treatment of these diseases.",2018,,Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports,6,3,86-93,,10.1007/s40138-018-0162-9,193,#10915,Watkins 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +MERS-COV AND THE HAJJ Low public health risk of MERS-CoV in people returning from the Hajj,"Waldron, Gerry; Doherty, Lorraine",,2015,,Bmj-British Medical Journal,351,Journal Article,h5543-h5543,,10.1136/bmj.h5543,1627,#10974,Waldron 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Current Status in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus,"Uyan, Ayse; Sipahi, Oguz Resat; Tutuncu, Ediz; Sipahi, Hilal; Arman, Dilek","Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first described in 2012, belongs to the CoV family. Coronaviruses may cause global outbreaks with high mortality. Although there is no definite evidence, it is thought that bats are reservoir hosts and one-humped camels are intermediate hosts. According to the World Health Organization data, 1,698 MERS-CoV cases were identified as of March, 23th, 2016 with 609 (36%) deaths. Most of the cases were seen in Saudi Arabia. South Korea is the country following Saudi Arabia where most of the cases developed through in-hospital spread. There is no reported case from Turkey except a Turkish patient returning from Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, there was a marked peak in new cases during April 2014 and May 2014. Although there was no spesific symptom or laboratory finding that belongs to MERS-CoV, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure were the most common clinical conditions. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive hearth failure and chronic renal failure were usually the main predisposing diseases. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for diagnosis and lower respiratory samples are preferred because of high viral load. There is no spesific treatment for MERS-CoV but there are reports showing decreased viral load with ribavirin-interferon combination. Strict and correct personal protective equipment use is the most important factor for preventing the spread of the disease.",2016,,Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials,5,Journal Article,6-6,,10.4274/mjima.2016.6,1396,#11043,Uyan 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,review +Transmissibility of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome by the Airborne Route,"Oh, Myoung-don",,2016,,Clinical Infectious Diseases,63,8,,,10.1093/cid/ciw479,1052,#11112,Oh 2016,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Asia battles MERS outbreak,"Nutt, David",,2015,,Science,348,6239,1062-1062,,,1817,#11126,Nutt 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,review +"Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients During MERS-CoV Outbreak in South Korea (vol 62, pg 755, 2016)","Seo, Y. B.; Heo, J. Y.; Song, M. S.",,2016,,Clinical Infectious Diseases,63,6,851-851,,10.1093/cid/ciw502,1078,#11333,Seo 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-01 19:59:12)(Select): erratum; ,"" +First Confirmed Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the Kingdom of Bahrain: In a Saudi Gentleman after Cardiac Bypass Surgery,"Seddiq, Nahed; Al-Qahtani, Manaf; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Bukamal, Nazar","Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is well known to cause severe respiratory infection and was first reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. We report here the first confirmed MERS-CoV infection in the Kingdom of Bahrain in a Saudi gentleman who was admitted electively for coronary bypass surgery, postoperatively developed an acute respiratory illness, and tested positive for MERS-CoV. 40 close contacts, all healthcare workers, were traced and followed with no documented secondary cases.",2017,,Case Reports in Infectious Diseases,,Journal Article,1262838-1262838,,10.1155/2017/1262838,916,#11344,Seddiq 2017,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Review,"Sarparast, Leila; Saffar, Mohammad Jafar","Context: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is an emerging human disease that has been reported from the Arabian Peninsula and Middle East countries since 2012. Although zoonotic transmission was postulated, virological and serological finding suggest that the dromedary camels act as the potential reservoirs of MERS-CoV infection to humans. As October 2014, a totally 855 confirmed cases with 333 related deaths were reported to WHO. All cases occurred in or epidemiologically linked to affected countries. The virus ability to induce a pandemic attack is limited. The clinical presentations vary and range from asymptomatic infection to severe respiratory disease and death. However, most severe disease occurs in elderly and in those with underlying conditions. Infection prevention and control measures are critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV infection is health care facilities and in the community. The WHO encourages all member states to perform surveillance of patients with acute severe respiratory infection and to carefully monitor any unusual patterns. This paper aims to review the current key characteristics of MERS-CoV infection in human and update the WHO recommendations about this illness.",2015,,Journal of Pediatrics Review,3,1,130-130,,10.5812/jpr.130,1948,#11371,Sarparast 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): international and national epidemiological update two years after the first identification of this emerging pathogen.,"Sanna, A.; Ait-Belghiti, F.; Ioos, S.; Campese, C.; Fougere, E.; Gauthier, V.; Levy-Bruhl, D.; Herida, M.","The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in September 2012. Clinical presentations of MERS-CoV infection range from asymptomatic to very severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is some scientific evidence that dromedary camel is a host species for MERS-CoV and that camels play an important role in the transmission to humans. The existence of cross transmission between dromedary camel and man has been documented. In France, the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance is monitoring the international epidemiological situation and has implemented national surveillance since October 2012. As of 9 December 2014, 918 confirmed cases have been reported to the World Health Organization including 331 deaths (case fatality rate: 36%). The most important outbreaks are linked to household or nosocomial clusters. Most of the cases occurred mainly in Saudi Arabia with 819 confirmed cases. To date, 24 cases have been notified outside the Middle East region. In France, 861 suspect cases have been notified, 265 possible cases were tested and 2 confirmed cases were diagnosed in May 2013.",2015,,Bulletin Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire,,1/2,7-14,,,2055,#11380,Sanna 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +An intelligent system for predicting and preventing MERS-CoV infection outbreak,"Sandhu, Rajinder; Sood, Sandeep K.; Kaur, Gurpreet","MERS-CoV is an airborne disease which spreads easily and has high death rate. To predict and prevent MERS-CoV, real-time analysis of user's health data and his/her geographic location are fundamental. Development of healthcare systems using cloud computing is emerging as an effective solution having benefits of better quality of service, reduced cost, scalability, and flexibility. In this paper, an effective cloud computing system is proposed which predicts MERS-CoV-infected patients using Bayesian belief network and provides geographic-based risk assessment to control its outbreak. The proposed system is tested on synthetic data generated for 0.2 million users. System provided high accuracy for classification and appropriate geographic-based risk assessment. The key point of this paper is the use of geographic positioning system to represent each MERS-CoV users on Google maps so that possibly infected users can be quarantined as early as possible. It will help uninfected citizens to avoid regional exposure and the government agencies to manage the problem more effectively.",2016,,Journal of Supercomputing,72,8,3033-3056,,10.1007/s11227-015-1474-0,1127,#11382,Sandhu 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors,"Mirkena, Tadele; Walelign, Elias; Tewolde, Nega; Gari, Getachew; Abebe, Getachew; Newman, Scott","Camels are the most adapted species to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands of Ethiopia where pastoralism is the dominant mode of life and mobility is an inherent strategy to efficiently utilize the spatially and temporally distributed pasture and water resources. Usually, large numbers of camels and other domestic animals from many different herds/flocks congregate at watering sites, and this may create a perfect condition for disease transmission and spread among animals. The same water sources are also shared by multitudes of wild animals. Camel herd sizes per household range from few heads (five to ten) to several hundreds. Female camels account for more than 75% of the herd. Male camels are usually sold early as pack animals or for slaughter. Female camels may remain fertile up to 25 years, during which time they produce eight to ten calves. Camels are herded during daytime on communal rangelands. During night, they are kept in traditional kraals around homesteads. Breeding time is short and seasonal and is affected by rainfall patterns and feed availability. Usually, only men milk camels. Milking frequency ranges from two to five times per day. Washing of hands, milking vessels, the udder and teats is not practised by many prior to milking the camels. Besides, the milking area is generally full of dust and dung and without shade. This affects the quality and safety of the produced milk. Pathogens and diseases of camelids are less well known; however, they are suspected as zoonotic sources for the human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. There is an increasing need to determine whether camels are clinically susceptible, act as potential reservoirs and maintenance or bridge hosts, to viral pathogens.",2018,,Pastoralism-Research Policy and Practice,8,Journal Article,30-30,,10.1186/s13570-018-0135-3,88,#11475,Mirkena 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Resurgence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in Saudi Arabia,"Mardani, Masoud",,2015,,Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases,10,3,e31466-e31466,,10.5812/archcid.31466,1777,#11535,Mardani 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 19:57:14)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Case report: Detection of the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) in nasal secretions of a dead human,"Mahallawi, Waleed H.","The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been recognized as a highly pathogenic virus that infects the human respiratory tract and has high morbidity and mortality. The MERS-CoV is a huge burden on Saudi Arabian health-care facilities, causing approximately 40% mortality. The transmission mechanism of the virus is still not well understood. Therefore, the prevention of any route of transmission is the best measure to arrest the spread of this disease. Using the real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), MERS-CoV was detected in the nasal secretions of a human cadaver. Full precautions should be applied and carefully followed to prevent the transmission of the virus, especially among health care workers.",2018,,Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences,13,3,302-304,,10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.07.004,256,#11571,Mahallawi 2018,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 22:07:07)(Select): 1 cadaver; ,"" +Evidence for Camel-to-Human Transmission of MERS Coronavirus Reply,"Madani, Tariq A.; Azhar, Esam I.; Hashem, Anwar M.",,2014,,New England Journal of Medicine,371,14,1360-1360,,,2152,#11575,Madani 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +The discrepant epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).,"MacIntyre, C. R.","The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerged infection in humans affecting the Arabian Peninsula, Europe, and North Africa. The source and persistence of the infection in humans remains unknown. The aim of this paper was to apply a risk analysis approach to the epidemiology of MERS-CoV and to understand the source of ongoing infections. The epidemiology of MERS-CoV was reviewed and compared to SARS. Each observed feature of MERS-CoV epidemiology was summarized and fitted to either an epidemic or one of two sporadic scenarios (either animal or deliberate release). As of May 2014, MERS-CoV has infected over 681 people and killed a further 204 over 2 years. In contrast, there were 8,273 cases and 775 deaths from SARS within 8 months. MERS-CoV has a more sporadic pattern unlike the clear epidemic pattern seen with SARS, and an unusual concentration of cases in the Middle East, without epidemics in other countries to which it has spread. SARS, with a higher reproductive number (R0), was eliminated from humans within 8 months of emerging, yet MERS-CoV, with a low R0 has persisted in humans over a far more prolonged period. This is at odds with the expected behavior of a virus with a low R0, which theoretically should not persist unless there are ongoing introductions of infection into humans, and poses the question ""what is the source of continuing infections in humans?"" A hospital outbreak in Al Ahsa, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), had a classic epidemic pattern with some human-to-human transmission. However, 3 different strains were identified in that outbreak, an unexpected and unexplained finding for what appears to be a single source outbreak. Since this outbreak in April 2013, there has been a large increase in new cases, mainly in KSA in April and May 2014, with no corresponding epidemics in other countries. Yet MERS-CoV was present in KSA over several mass gatherings (which predispose to epidemics), including the Hajj pilgrimage, without an epidemic arising. Furthermore, although the virus has been identified in bats and camels, the mode of ongoing transmission to humans remains uncertain. Although some cases appear to be transmitted from human to human, and a few have animal or camel exposure, many cases have no history of contact with either animals or human cases. A high proportion of asymptomatic or otherwise undetected cases have been postulated as an explanation for the unusual epidemiology, yet active surveillance does not support this. When the observed data were fitted to different disease patterns, the features of MERS-CoV fit better with a sporadic pattern, with evidence for either deliberate release or an animal source. There are many discrepancies in the observed epidemiology of MERS-CoV, which better fits a sporadic than an epidemic pattern. Possible explanations of the unusual features of the epidemiology include human-to-human transmission with a large proportion of undetected cases; or sporadic ongoing infections from a non-human source; or a combination of both. Possible sources of ongoing sporadic infection in humans include animals (camels appear the most likely source), or deliberate release. The latter could explain 3 strains being present in a single hospital outbreak. Genetic testing should be conducted to determine whether the virus is evolving to be more transmissible. Better ascertainment of mild or asymptomatic cases is also needed. Finally, the discrepant epidemiology warrants critical analysis of all possible explanations, and involvement of all stakeholders in biosecurity, and deliberate release must be seriously considered and at least acknowledged as a possibility.",2014,,Environment Systems and Decisions,34,3,383-390,,,2186,#11584,MacIntyre 2014,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Still Learning From the Earliest Known MERS Outbreak, Zarqa, Jordan, April 2012","Lucey, Daniel R.",,2014,,Clinical Infectious Diseases,59,9,1234-1236,,10.1093/cid/ciu638,2139,#11608,Lucey 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:56:51)(Select): editorial; ,"" +MERS outbreak,"Lim, XiaoZhi",,2015,,Chemistry & industry,79,8,47-47,,10.1002/cind.798_18.x,1743,#11682,Lim 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-29 21:48:26)(Select): does not look like it is peer reviewed ; ,"" +Factors Associated with Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome among Korean Healthcare Workers: Infection Control Via Extended Healthcare Contact Management in a Secondary Outbreak Hospital,"Park, J. Y.; Kim, B. J.; Chung, K. H.; Hwang, Y. I.",,2016,,Respirology,21,Journal Article,89-89,,,1042,#11772,Park 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-31 20:15:59)(Select): they look like poster presentations; ,"" +"Estimation of Severe Middle East Res or t ry Syndrome Cases in the Middle East, 2012-2016","O'Hagan, Justin J.; Carias, Cristina; Rudd, Jessica M.; Pham, Huong T.; Haber, Yonat; Pesik, Nicki; Cetron, Martin S.; Gambhir, Manoj; Gerber, Susan I.; Swerdlow, David L.","Middle East respiratory syndrome has been reported among travelers returning from the Arabian Peninsula, where most cases have been recorded. Using data from travelers, we estimated 3,250 (1,300-6,600) severe cases occurred in the Middle East during September 2012 January 2016. This estimate is 2.3-fold higher than the total laboratory-confirmed cases recorded in these countries.",2016,,Emerging Infectious Diseases,22,10,1797-1799,,10.3201/eid2210.151121,1069,#11862,O'Hagan 2016,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +"Emerging and re-emerging infectious disease threats in South Asia: status, vulnerability, preparedness, and outlook","Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Kakkar, Manish; Horby, Peter; Malavige, Gathsaurie Neelika; Basnyat, Buddha",,2017,,Bmj-British Medical Journal,357,Journal Article,j1447-j1447,,10.1136/bmj.j1447,732,#11925,Laxminarayan 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Updated Information on the Epidemiology of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities, 2012-2013","Langley, Gayle",,2013,,Mmwr-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,62,38,793-796,,,2498,#11940,Langley 2013,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +MERS-COV AND THE HAJJ Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in pilgrims returning from the Hajj,"Kumar, Alexander; Beckett, Gail; Wiselka, Martin",,2015,,Bmj-British Medical Journal,351,Journal Article,h5185-h5185,,10.1136/bmj.h5185,1658,#11994,Kumar 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +MERS-COV AND THE HAJJ Low public health risk of MERS-CoV in people returning from the Hajj Reply,"Kumar, Alexander; Beckett, Gail; Wiselka, Martin",,2015,,Bmj-British Medical Journal,351,Journal Article,h5545-h5545,,10.1136/bmj.h5545,1626,#11995,Kumar 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"An Unexpected Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the Republic of Korea, 2015",Korean Soc Infectious Dis; Korean Soc Healthcare-associated,"This report includes a summary of a current outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus infection in the Republic of Korea as of June 23, 2015. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory investigations of this outbreak are ongoing.",2015,,Infection and Chemotherapy,47,2,120-122,,10.3947/ic.2015.47.2.120,1825,#12024,KoreanSocInfectiousDis 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Corrigendum to ""Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015"" [Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2015, 269-278].",Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2015.08.006.].,2016,,Osong public health and research perspectives,7,2,138-138,,10.1016/j.phrp.2016.03.002,1290,#12026,KoreaCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-07-30 00:59:35)(Select): Correction - do we have the paper in question?; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral shedding in the respiratory tract: an observational analysis with infection control implications,"Memish, Ziad A.; Assiri, Abdullah M.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.","Background: Since the first description of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), it has not been known how long patients shed the virus in respiratory secretions. Thus, we analyzed the available data on time to negative MERS-CoV test in patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection and asymptomatic positive contacts. Methods: Data from repeated laboratory testing of respiratory samples received at the Saudi Arabian virology reference laboratory in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from September 1, 2012 to September 31, 2013 were recorded. A real-time RT-PCR test for MERS-CoV was used. Data were analyzed by origin of sample, sample type, and MERS-CoV PCR test results. Results: Twenty-six individuals (13 patients and 13 contacts) had repeated testing done until a negative test was obtained. Most samples from MERS-CoV cases were tracheal aspirate/sputum (p = 0.0006) and most samples from contacts were nose and throat swabs (p = 0.0002). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that contacts cleared the virus at a much earlier time than patients. On day 12, 30% of contacts and 76% of cases were still positive for MERS-CoV by PCR. Conclusions: Contacts cleared MERS-CoV earlier than ill patients. This finding could be related to the types of sample as well as the types of patient studied. More ill patients with significant comorbidities shed the virus for a significantly longer time. The results of this study could have critical implications for infection control guidance and its application in healthcare facilities handling positive cases. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.",2014,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,29,Journal Article,307-308,,10.1016/j.ijid.2014.10.002,2095,#12104,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-11-08 23:53:55)(Select): shedding period - but didn't follow all patients until negativity... doesn't actually quote an estimated mean duration...; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection control: The missing piece?,"Memish, Ziad A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.",,2014,,American Journal of Infection Control,42,12,1258-1260,,10.1016/j.ajic.2014.08.003,2110,#12108,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:11:03)(Select): commentary; ,review +"Brief Report: Family Cluster of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections (vol 368, pg 2487, 2013)","Memish, Ziad A.",,2013,,New England Journal of Medicine,369,6,587-587,,10.1056/NEJMx130036,2540,#12111,Memish 2013,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-30 20:10:17)(Select): erratum; ,"" +MERS-CoV and mass gathering events,"Memish, Ziad A.",,2017,,International journal of antimicrobial agents,50,Journal Article,S23-S23,,,536,#12113,Memish 2017,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-11 20:14:11)(Select): it is a symposium at a conference; ,review +Mers-Cov,"Memish, Z.",,2014,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,21,Journal Article,71-71,,10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.573,2342,#12115,Memish 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Mers-CoV: From camels to humans,"Memish, Z.",,2016,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,45,Journal Article,7-8,,10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.047,1266,#12116,Memish 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.,"Matsuyama, S.","From March 2012 to October 2013, 145 cases including 62 deaths of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have been identified in 9 countries (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Jordan, France, Germany, Italy, Tunisia, and UK). Recent studies say, while MERS appears to be more deadly in those it infects, it also seems to be less contagious than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. All primary cases were connected to the Arabian Peninsula, and nearly half of the cases died due to severe lung inflammation. Nosocomial transmission was implied in 26 percent of the cases. Human-to-human-transmission was considered the likely source of infection in hospital. From these cases, the median incubation period was estimated as 5.2 days (95 percent confidence interval 2 to 15 days). At the same time, some asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases have been reported. All MERS-positive cases were diagnosed by using real-time RT-PCR targeting upE and Orf1a genes of MERS-CoV. Specimens were taken from the upper or the lower respiratory tract and blood. Even though over a year has passed since the emergence of the 1st case, many questions on the origin and transmission patterns of the disease remain. The pathogen of MERS belongs to the lineage C of the beta coronaviruses (CoV), which are genetically similar to various coronaviruses detected in bats in Africa and Europe. And two studies suggest dromedary camels in Oman, the Canary Islands and Egypt may have been infected with the virus or a MERS-CoV-like virus in the past. However, human cases have not been detected in these areas. With the Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, taking place in October 2013 and attracting 3 million visitors, international public health efforts to mitigate and possibly contain this outbreak need to be reinforced. On alert for a possible pandemic, we prepared the PCR system, and shared it to 74 locations of prefectural public health institutes and quarantines in Japan.",2013,,Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology,17,2,112-116,,,2617,#12147,Matsuyama 2013,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,review +Transmissibility of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome by the Airborne Route Reply,"Kim, Sung-Han; Sung, Minki; Min, Ji-Young",,2016,,Clinical Infectious Diseases,63,8,1143-U184,,10.1093/cid/ciw480,1051,#12185,Kim 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:25:52)(Select): a reply with no new data; ,"" +Healthcare workers infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and infection control,"Kim, Soo Geun","The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV) infection in South Korea has become a public health threat. There are many confirmed cases of MERS in healthcare workers. Understanding the nature of the infection and the mechanismof transmission will be a useful lesson. This paper gathers data from the press records in KCDC from May 20thto June 26th 2015to identify the age, sex, occupation and etiologic exposure of exposed healthcare workersin order to come up with a response plan. By June 26th, 2015, there were 181 confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection in Korea. 36 (19.9%) of them were healthcare workers. These healthcare workers were exposed to MERS-CoV across 12 healthcare facilities, including Samsung Medical Center and Dae-Chung Hospital; threewere infected inside ambulances. Their occupational categories are as follows: 7 doctors (19.4%), 12 nurses (33.3%), 9 caregivers orgeriatric care assistants(25.0%), and 8 others (22.2%). These healthcare workers were infected by 12 super-spreaders. 30 of the workers(83.3%) were infected without being aware of their contact withMERS patients, while 6 (16.7%) were aware of this contact at the time of infection. The high number of confirmed cases of MERS-CoV inhealthcare workers is direct proof of the failure of crisis communication in South Korea, and the delay in the diagnosis of the index case was due to the lack of risk communication regardingthe threatof a MERS outbreak. Because the spread of MERS usually occursvia healthcare-associated transmission, infection control inhealthcare facilities must be strengthened. Key Words: Health care associated; Health care workers; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus;",2015,,Journal of the Korean Medical Association,58,7,647-654,,10.5124/jkma.2015.58.7.647,1772,#12187,Kim 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +"Lessons learned from new emerging infectious disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus outbreak in Korea","Kim, Joung Soon",,2015,,Epidemiology and Health,37,Journal Article,e2015051-e2015051,,10.4178/epih/e2015051,2067,#12206,Kim 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +System Dynamics Approach to Epidemic Compartment Model: Translating SEIR Model for MERS Transmission in South Korea,"Jung, J. A. E. U. N.","Compartment models, a type of mathematical model, have been widely applied to characterize the changes in a dynamic system with sequential events or processes, such as the spread of an epidemic disease. A compartment model comprises compartments, and the relations between compartments are depicted as boxes and arrows. This principle is similar to that of the system dynamics (SD) approach to constructing a simulation model with stocks and flows. In addition, both models are structured using differential equations. With this mutual and translatable principle, this study, in terms of SD, translates a reference SEIR model, which was developed in a recent study to characterize the transmission of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in South Korea. Compared to the replicated result of the reference SEIR model (Model 1), the translated SEIR model (Model 2) demonstrates the same simulation result (error=0). The results of this study provide insight into the application of SD relative to constructing an epidemic compartment model using schematization and differential equations. The translated SD artifact can be used as a reference model for other epidemic diseases.",2018,,Journal of Digital Convergence,16,7,259-265,,10.14400/JDC.2018.16.7.259,445,#12222,Jung 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Thomas Rawson (2025-08-18 19:17:26)(Included): Just a copy of an existing model that we already include (#11964); Janetta Skarp (2020-02-06 20:38:35)(Select): MERS model?; ,"" +"Development and Appplication of Agent-Bsed Disease Spread Simulation Model : the Case of Suwon, Korea","Jung, Hyun-Jin; Jung, Gi-Sun; Kim, Young; Khan, Nokhaiz Tariq; Kim, Yo-Han; Kim, Yun-Bae; Park, Jin-Soo","The spread of diseases such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and avian influenza inflicts a significant socioeconomic problem, and highlights the need for a systematic analysis of disease spread patterns. In Korea, however, most domestic research utilize equation based approaches that treat the entire country as a single entity, providing limited applicability. In this study, we propose an agent-based disease diffusion model that reflects not only the nature of the disease, but also the structural and statistical characteristics of each region's population. Based on the 2010 Census data, we developed a synthetic population model of Suwon city in Korea. The spread of disease and various response strategies were analyzed based on the contact network based on the socioeconomic activities of residents. The proposed model is expected to play an important role in formulation of effective disease-related policies, reflecting the mobility and socio-economic structure of today's urban society.",2017,,2017 Winter Simulation Conference (Wsc),,Journal Article,2810-2820,,,848,#12223,Jung 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Infection Control of Hospital Nurses: Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome,"June, Kyung Ja; 최은숙","Purpose: The 2015 Korean Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks resulted in186 cases, with 8% (15 persons) of these being nurses. This study aimed to examine MERS-CoV infection status of clinical nurses and to evaluate perception for infection control. Methods: We investigated the MERS-CoV infection status of nurses using MERS-CoV press release data. We examined and analysed perception for Infection control of 121 nurses of the three MERS intensive therapeutic hospitals in July 2015. Results: One to six nurses per hospital in total 8 health care facilities were infected with MERS-CoV. They mainly had short clinical careers and were unaware of infection possibility. The personal and organizational infection control levels that nurses perceive were low and the relationship between two levels was statistically significant. Conclusion: For promoting health protection and infectious disease management competency of nurses, it is necessary to prepare institutional system for controlling infectious disease.",2016,,Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing,25,1,1-8,,,1519,#12227,June 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak and infectious disease control in Korea,"Jun, Byungyool","After the first diagnosis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea on May 20th, 2015, significant fear and anxiety surrounding infectious diseases has emerged in the community. Using the recent MERS case in Korea as an example, we hope to identify problems in the governance of infectious diseases management and to suggest improvements. Korean Health authorities have demonstrated inadequacy in several areas in preparing for and responding to emerging infectious diseases threats. There is lack of monitoring or education regarding prevention, and there are no systems for monitoring people visiting or residing in infectious disease risk areas. Moreover, operating a continuous monitoring system by the Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (KCDC) is very difficult due to the lack of permanent support for a clear command and control system and specialists for responding to public health emergencies. The MERS situation has highlighted the importance of risk communication during public health crises. In order to advance the governance of infectious disease management, the KCDC should be improved as a priority. The Korean government should nurture the development of professional personnel who can respond to global health crises. Furthermore, the expansion of medical isolation facilities within hospital wards and emergency departments is needed. However, the cooperation of the public is a critical factor in this campaign. The public should be educated about appropriate action during disasters and public health crises, including strategies for practicing this action in everyday life.",2015,,Journal of the Korean Medical Association,58,7,590-593,,10.5124/jkma.2015.58.7.590,1765,#12229,Jun 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +THE MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS (MERS-CoV) - WHAT IS THE RISK? A REVIEW OF RECENT STUDIES,"Jozefiak, Agata; Wozniak, Mariusz; Jaskowski, Jegdrzej M.","MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is a viral disease of the respiratory system caused by coronaviruses (CoV), which can be contagious to both animals and humans. It was first described in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and very quickly its occurrence was found in European countries. Initially, it was associated with mild changes within the respiratory system, until a new type of virus was isolated in a patient with severe pneumonia and renal failure, who died. The study showed a close relationship between the virus isolated from the patient's cells with HKU4 and HKU5 coronaviruses, previously isolated from bats. The presence of the same virus was found in a patient from Qatar with a similar clinical image. MERS infections, despite relatively low infectivity, are characterized by high mortality (30%). It is believed that the most likely source of the virus for humans are camels. The objective of this article is to review and discuss data on the risk factors of MERS-CoV zoonotic transmission from animals to humans.",2015,,Annals of Animal Science,15,4,833-848,,10.1515/aoas-2015-0043,1636,#12230,Jozefiak 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Epidemiologic investigation of Middle East respiratory syndrome: Lessons learnt from Korea and China in new epidemics,"Joob, Beuy; Wiwanitkit, Viroj",,2016,,Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health,9,3,210-210,,10.4103/1755-6783.179127,1222,#12239,Joob 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-25 02:48:20)(Select): behind a pay wall... no option for institutional login that I can see. http://www.atmph.org/subscriberlogin.asp?rd=article.asp?issn=1755-6783;year=2016;volume=9;issue=3;spage=210;epage=210;aulast=Joob;type=2 ; ,FULL TEXT PAYWALL; on list for library +Eco-social processes influencing infectious disease emergence and spread,"Jones, Bryony A.; Betson, Martha; Pfeiffer, Dirk U.","The complexity and connectedness of eco-social processes have major influence on the emergence and spread of infectious diseases amongst humans and animals. The disciplinary nature of most research activity has made it difficult to improve our understanding of interactions and feedback loops within the relevant systems. Influenced by the One Health approach, increasing efforts have recently been made to address this knowledge gap. Disease emergence and spread is strongly influenced by host density and contact structures, pathogen characteristics and pathogen population and molecular evolutionary dynamics in different host species, and host response to infection. All these mechanisms are strongly influenced by eco-social processes, such as globalization and urbanization, which lead to changes in global ecosystem dynamics, including patterns of mobility, human population density and contact structures, and food production and consumption. An improved understanding of epidemiological and eco-social processes, including their interdependence, will be essential to be able to manage diseases in these circumstances. The interfaces between wild animals, domestic animals and humans need to be examined to identify the main risk pathways and put in place appropriate mitigation. Some recent examples of emerging infectious disease are described to illustrate eco-social processes that are influencing disease emergence and spread.",2017,,Parasitology,144,1,26-36,,10.1017/S0031182016001414,938,#12242,Jones 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +The Preparedness for Re-emerged and Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Lesson Through Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in South Korea,"Je, Sungmo; Bae, Wonjun; Kim, Ji Yeon; Hwang, E. U. N. G. -S O. O.; 석승혁","The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory disease and systemic dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the patients. After MERS-CoV was first diagnosed in the South Korea, in May 2015, it affected 186 individuals and claimed 37 lives in short span of time (case fatality rate = 19.9%).Compared to MERS-CoV in the Middle East, MERS-CoV in South Korea appeared to be more transmissible, and induced multiple human-to-human transmission. These knowledge gaps caused the failure of early prevention, and disseminated MERS-CoV brought out a great loss of lives and economy. The MERS-CoV outbreak revealed the potential weakness of public health system in South Korea, and promoted the reestablishment of preventive strategies for imported infectious diseases. In these regards, we analyzed the potential for additional import of re-emerged and emerging infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya fever and hepatitis A, from Africa or South-East Asia. Then we suggest the investment expansion and the administration of global networks for effective research and control for newly or re-emerged infectious diseases. In conclusion, it is required to expect and prepare for the surveillance of the importation of foreign pathogens, and constitute the internal collaborative systems for rapid detection and risk communication. In addition, we should take an active part in the global networks to perform rapid preparedness and control for re-emerged or emerging infectious diseases.",2015,,Journal of Bacteriology and Virology,45,4,339-353,,10.4167/jbv.2015.45.4.339,1976,#12280,Je 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-COV),"Jahan, Firdous; Al Maqbali, Ali Abdullah","Introduction: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. Coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect a number of different species, including humans. They predominantly cause mild self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections, but can cause pneumonia and serious illness in older people, people with heart disease, diabetes or immune compromised patients. Pneumonia has been the most common clinical presentation and appears to be the result of repeated introductions of the virus. WHO has been informed of an additional laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Oman. Case presentation: A 59 year old chronic smoker admitted with fever cough and dyspnea. With rapidly progressing symptoms and right sided pneumonia he was shifted to intensive care where he died. The diagnosis of corona virus infection was made after his death when endotracheal aspirate transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) became positive. Conclusion: This infection is a rapidly progressing disease which requires up to date awareness and information regarding its spread and precaution. Urgent epidemiologic investigations are required to better understand the transmission patterns of this virus.",2015,,World Family Medicine,13,1,27-30,,,1941,#12301,Jahan 2015,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Concern Reply,"Hui, David S.; Peiris, Malik",,2015,,American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,192,9,1135-1136,,10.1164/rccm.201507-1485LE,1602,#12353,Hui 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 00:18:14)(Select): exclude this one on the basis of being a duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Genetic Characteristics of Coronaviruses from Korean Bats in 2016,"Lee, Saemi; Jo, Seong-Deok; Son, Kidong; An, Injung; Jeong, Jipseol; Wang, Seung-Jun; Kim, Yongkwan; Jheong, Weonhwa; Oem, Jae-Ku","Bats have increasingly been recognized as the natural reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), coronavirus, and other coronaviruses found in mammals. However, little research has been conducted on bat coronaviruses in South Korea. In this study, bat samples (332 oral swabs, 245 fecal samples, 38 urine samples, and 57 bat carcasses) were collected at 33 natural bat habitat sites in South Korea. RT-PCR and sequencing were performed for specific coronavirus genes to identify the bat coronaviruses in different bat samples. Coronaviruses were detected in 2.7% (18/672) of the samples: 13 oral swabs from one species of the family Rhinolophidae, and four fecal samples and one carcass (intestine) from three species of the family Vespertiliodae. To determine the genetic relationships of the 18 sequences obtained in this study and previously known coronaviruses, the nucleotide sequences of a 392-nt region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene were analyzed phylogenetically. Thirteen sequences belonging to SARS-like betacoronaviruses showed the highest nucleotide identity (97.1-99.7%) with Bat-CoV-JTMC15 reported in China. The other five sequences were most similar to MERS-like betacoronaviruses. Four nucleotide sequences displayed the highest identity (94.1-95.1%) with Bat-CoV-HKU5 from Hong Kong. The one sequence from a carcass showed the highest nucleotide identity (99%) with Bat-CoV-SC2013 from China. These results suggest that careful surveillance of coronaviruses from bats should be continued, because animal and human infections may result from the genetic variants present in bat coronavirus reservoirs.",2018,,Microbial ecology,75,1,174-182,,10.1007/s00248-017-1033-8,461,#12406,Lee 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Epidemiology and challenges on the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in Korea, 2015","Lee, Moo-Sik","Objectives: The purpose of this article was to assess epidemiological characteristics and recommendations for strengthening national response and preparedness after MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea, 2015. Methods: The author reviewed epidemiological reports and policy recommendations on MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea, 2015. Results: There was no evidence that genetical difference between the MERS viruses in the Republic of Korea and recent viruses in the Middle East. From the index case to last laboratory-confirmed case, there were 186 laboratory-confirmed cases that included 36 deaths(19.4%), all of whom appear epidemiologically linked to the index cases or subsequent secondary, tertiary, and quaternary cases. This outbreak spread to hospitals through nosocomial transmission. At least, three large clusters were investigated. However, there was at least one case of community transmission of MERS-CoV. Several factors had contributed to the MERS outbreak in Korea, 2015 that including epidemiological characteristics, and infrastructure of national healthcare system for preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases. Conclusions: It is very important that to share experiences and identify underlying causes of this outbreak for prevention and control of emerging infectious disease in the future; including epidemiology, clinical features, and public health response and preparedness.",2015,,Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion,32,3,1-9,,10.14367/kjhep.2015.32.3.1,2008,#12411,Lee 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +MERS Countermeasures as One of Global Health Security Agenda,"Lee, Jong-Koo",,2015,,Journal of Korean medical science,30,8,997-998,,10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.997,1725,#12425,Lee 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:37:30)(Select): editorial; ,review +Systematic review of epidemiology and public health intervention on MERS,"Lee, H.; Park, J. H.",,2018,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,73,Journal Article,187-187,,10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3837,216,#12443,Lee 2018,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Effectiveness of traveller screening for emerging pathogens is shaped by epidemiology and natural history of infection,"Gostic, Katelyn M.; Kucharski, Adam J.; Lloyd-Smith, James O.","During outbreaks of high-consequence pathogens, airport screening programs have been deployed to curtail geographic spread of infection. The effectiveness of screening depends on several factors, including pathogen natural history and epidemiology, human behavior, and characteristics of the source epidemic. We developed a mathematical model to understand how these factors combine to influence screening outcomes. We analyzed screening programs for six emerging pathogens in the early and late stages of an epidemic. We show that the effectiveness of different screening tools depends strongly on pathogen natural history and epidemiological features, as well as human factors in implementation and compliance. For pathogens with longer incubation periods, exposure risk detection dominates in growing epidemics, while fever becomes a better target in stable or declining epidemics. For pathogens with short incubation, fever screening drives detection in any epidemic stage. However, even in the most optimistic scenario arrival screening will miss the majority of cases.",2015,,Elife,4,Journal Article,e05564-e05564,,10.7554/eLife.05564,1919,#12649,Gostic 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-31 02:16:59)(Select): Table 3 has delays + sources; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-25 20:00:29)(Select): isn't screening a way to make diagnosis; ,Diagnostics; model; useful +Exploratory Spatiotemporal Analysis in Risk Communication during the MERS Outbreak in South Korea,"Kim, Ick-Hoi; Feng, Chen-Chieh; Wang, Yi-Chen; Spitzberg, Brian H.; Tsou, Ming-Hsiang","The 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea gave rise to chaos caused by psychological anxiety, and it has been assumed that people shared rumors about hospital lists through social media. Sharing rumors is a common form of public perception and risk communication among individuals during an outbreak. Social media analysis offers an important window into the spatiotemporal patterns of public perception and risk communication about disease outbreaks. Such processes of socially mediated risk communication are a process of meme diffusion. This article aims to investigate the role of social media meme diffusion and its spatiotemporal patterns in public perception and risk communication. To do so, we applied analytical methods including the daily number of tweets for metropolitan cities and geovisualization with the weighted mean centers. The spatiotemporal patterns shown by Twitter users' interests in specific places, triggered by real space events, demonstrate the spatial interactions among places in public perception and risk communication. Public perception and risk communication about places are relevant to both social networks and spatial proximity to where Twitter users live and are interpreted in reference to both Zipf's law and Tobler's law.",2017,,Professional Geographer,69,4,629-643,,10.1080/00330124.2017.1288577,913,#12680,Kim 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-10-28 19:21:24)(Select): interesting use of twitter data but not clear what parameters can be extracted; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea.,Kim SooGeun; Lim HyunSul,"This article reports on the first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus infection in Korea Republic that was notified on 20 May 2015, and describes the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the MERS outbreak in 2015. The last confirmed case was diagnosed on 4 July. Overall, there were 186 confirmed MERS cases in Korea Republic during the outbreak, with 36 deaths. A total of 178 patients (95.7%) acquired the infection at 15 different health care facilities, including 39 health care workers.",2015,,Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety,22,2,34-36,,,2009,#12701,KimSooGeun 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND; on list for library; review +2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission,"Ki, Moran","The distinct characteristic of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea is that it not only involves intra-hospital transmission, but it also involves hospital-to-hospital transmission. It has been the largest MERS outbreak outside the Middle East, with 186 confirmed cases and, among them, 36 fatal cases as of July 26, 2015. All confirmed cases are suspected to be hospital-acquired infections except one case of household transmission and two cases still undergoing examination. The Korean health care system has been the major factor shaping the unique characteristics of the outbreak. Taking this as an opportunity, the Korean government should carefully assess the fundamental problems of the vulnerability to hospital infection and make short-as well as long-term plans for countermeasures. In addition, it is hoped that this journal, Epidemiology and Health, becomes a place where various topics regarding MERS can be discussed and shared.",2015,,Epidemiology and Health,37,Journal Article,e2015033-e2015033,,10.4178/epih/e2015033,2021,#12708,Ki 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-07-10 00:36:04)(Select): duplicate of #2355; ,missed duplicate +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (Mers): a Systematic Review,"Khan, Pathan Amanulla; Nousheen, B. B. Sarah; Maryam, Naseerah; Sultana, Khateeja","The first case of middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) was identified in a mid-aged Saudi Arabian resident in 2012. The syndrome is analogous to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in its clinical course, with a male predominance in incidence. MERS virus is disseminated as a result of close proximity of people to camels, person to person transmission being uncommon and confined to hospital settings. The incubation period usually lasts for 2 - 14 days. MERS-CoV appears to be an enzootic virus, tracing its origin to bats, whereas camels may act as intermediate hosts. Typical flu-like symptoms are observed, which include pyrexia, myalgia, apnoea and cough. Symptoms advance over time leading to multiple organ failure, septic shock and eventually death. Diagnosis can be done with the aid of recombinant IgA and IgG ELISAs, and other specific assays such as upE and real-time Reverse Transcription (rt-RT) PCR assay. Currently, neither an authorized vaccine nor a definitive treatment is available for human use. However, adenosine deaminase, mycophenolic acid (MPA), cyclosporine A, nelfinavir, lopinavir, combination of IFN-alpha 2b and ribavirin are underway to attain recognition as specific therapies. The following review summarizes the pharmacotherapy and management options for healthcare workers and preventive strategies for susceptible groups. Our review demonstrates that there exists some relation of the virus with seasonal variability, peculiarly in months from May to September.",2018,,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research,9,7,2616-2625,,10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(7).2616-25,242,#12718,Khan 2018,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-11-05 02:32:54)(Select): no methodology included?? hard to see what they did.; ,review +"Emerging developments on pathogenicity, molecular virulence, epidemiology and clinical symptoms of current Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).","Kannan Subbaram; Hemalatha Kannan; Gatasheh, M. K.","Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a recently reported virus that is associated with severe, life threatening and rapidly spreading primarily respiratory illness called the Middle East respiratory syndrome. MERS-CoV possesses a unique positive-sense single-stranded RNA and can undergo rapid mutation in the viral genome. This results in antigenic switching and genetic variation, finally leading to the emergence of novel and new MERS-CoV subtypes which are uncontrollable by vaccines. Researchers are also finding difficulties to sort out therapeutic intervention strategies for MERSCoV. This virus can spread from human to human, but transmission from dromedary camels to humans plays a crucial epidemiological significance. Dromedary camel acts as ""gene mixing vessels"" for MERSCoV and these virus particles undergo rapid change in them. Viral receptors called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 are important receptors for attachment and spread of MERS-CoV in humans. The current method of laboratory confirmation is through real-time polymerase chain reaction on bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum and tracheal aspirates. Unfortunately, till today there are no definite anti-viral drugs available for MERS-CoV.",2017,,Hayati Journal of Biosciences,24,2,53-56,,10.1016/j.hjb.2017.08.001,888,#12759,KannanSubbaram 2017,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Predicting the potential for within-flight transmission and global dissemination of MERS (vol 14, pg 99, 2014)","Coburn, B. J.; Blower, S.",,2015,,Lancet Infectious Diseases,15,8,875-875,,,1750,#12903,Coburn 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 22:27:58)(Select): delete this duplicate (and keep its copy #3821); ,missed duplicate +A study on MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea using Bayesian negative binomial branching processes,ChoiIlSu; 박유하,"Branching processes which is used for epidemic dispersion as stochastic process model have advantages to estimate parameters by real data. We have to estimate both mean and dispersion parameter in order to use the negative binomial distribution as an offspring distribution on branching processes. In existing studies on biology and epidemiology, it is estimated using maximum-likelihood methods. However, for most of epidemic data, it is hard to get the best precision of maximum-likelihood estimator. We suggest a Bayesian inference that have good properties of statistics for small-sample. After estimating dispersion parameter we modelled the posterior distribution for 2015 Korea MERS cases. As the result, we found that the estimated dispersion parameter is relatively stable no matter how we assume prior distribution. We also computed extinction probabilities on branching processes using estimated dispersion parameters.",2017,,Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Sociaty,28,1,153-161,,10.7465/jkdi.2017.28.1.153,974,#12936,ChoiIlSu 2017,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control","Choi, Sangdun","Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and multiorgan dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the infected individuals. MERS-CoV is thought to be transmitted to humans through dromedary camels. The occurrence of the virus was first reported in the Middle East and it subsequently spread to several parts of the world. Since 2012, about 1368 infections, including ~ 487 deaths, have been reported worldwide. Notably, the recent human-to-human ‘superspreading’ of MERS-CoV in hospitals in South Korea has raised a major global health concern. The fatality rate in MERS-CoV infection is four times higher compared with that of the closely related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Currently, no drug has been clinically approved to control MERS-CoV infection. In this study, we highlight the potential drug targets that can be used to develop anti-MERS-CoV therapeutics.",2015,,Experimental and Molecular Medicine,47,Journal Article,1-10,,,2010,#12939,Choi 2015,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Current epidemiological situation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus clusters and implications for public health response in South Korea,"Choi, Jae Wook; Kim, Kyung Hee; Cho, Yong Min; Kim, Sang Hoo","Since May 20, 2015, when the first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in South Korea was confirmed, the cluster case in South Korea has grown to become the largest observed case following Saudi Arabia within the span of one month. Akin to what was observed in the Middle East, confirmed cases were infected through nosocomial transmission where the cluster is largely limited to patients, healthcare workers, and visitors to patients in healthcare facilities with confirmed cases. A major difference from the outbreaks in the Arabian Peninsula has been the large number of tertiary transmission cases in South Korea, which had reached forty cases by June 12. This observation may suggest that despite the lack of genetic mutation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in South Korea, the virus may be behaving differently from that of the Middle East. The higher infectiousness of 'super-spreaders' in South Korea also suggests that this assertion should be under further investigation. Suggestions of inadequate triage in emergency rooms, particularly at Samsung Medical Center which accounts for the most nosocomial infection with 60 cases, have been made by several organizations as the basis for this rapid spread. This, however, does not account for the fact that triage was impossible to implement, since the presence of MERS-CoV in South Korea was unknown during the index patient's stay at the healthcare facilities. This paper aims to identify the key factors in the amplified spread of MERS-CoV in South Korea. The first is the initial failure to confirm diagnosis promptly and to isolate the index case after confirmation of MERS in hospital and the lack of detail in tracking potential exposures in the community of the index case before isolation. The second is the early inadequate measures the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention took in categorizing close contacts. Due to inconsistencies in defining what constitutes close contact, a number of cases were neglected from quarantine and were not subjected to investigation. Finally, confirmed or potential MERS patients were admitted for treatment and observation at medical facilities without adequate disease control measures or rooms, such as ventilated single rooms or airborne precaution rooms. Due to the rigid position that MERS-CoV cannot be transmitted via airborne means, infection control measures has so far neglected evidence that smaller droplets (aerosol) containing the virus can act similar to airborne agents, which may account for the widespread and rapid transmission in a emergency room and a patient's room in hospital. Although the South Korean government expects newly confirmed cases to abate in the coming few weeks, without stringent implementation of clearly defined guidelines to control further transmissions, the cessation of the current trend may continue for an extended period. Additionally, due to the high infection rate of super-spreaders in South Korea, efforts to screen for potential super-spreaders and a thorough investigation of those confirmed to be super-spreaders should be done to quickly identify source of infection, to potentially lower the number of secondary, tertiary transmissions and prevent possible quaternary transmissions.",2015,,Journal of the Korean Medical Association,58,6,487-497,,10.5124/jkma.2015.58.6.487,1819,#12951,Choi 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 22:34:02)(Select): not in english (but figures are and include transmission tree...); ,"" +Lessons learned from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus cluster in Korea,"Choi, Jae Wook",,2015,,Journal of the Korean Medical Association,58,7,595-597,,10.5124/jkma.2015.58.7.595,1766,#12952,Choi 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Geography of MERS outbreak and politics of bio-power,"Choi, Byung-Doo",,2015,,Space and Environment,25,3,175-194,,,2013,#12957,Choi 2015,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 22:36:58)(Select): can only find as a citation (cited by 4 papers, suspect it is not in english); ",NO FULL TEXT FOUND +A study of epidemic model using SEIR model,"Choi, Bo-Seung; 도미진; 김종태","The epidemic model is used to model the spread of disease and to control the disease. In this research, we utilize SEIR model which is one of applications the SIR model that incorporates Exposed step to the model. The SEIR model assumes that a people in the susceptible contacted infected moves to the exposed period. After staying in the period, the infectee tends to sequentially proceed to the status of infected, recovered, and removed. This type of infection can be used for research in cases where there is a latency period after infectious disease. In this research, we collected respiratory infectious disease data for the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERSCoV). Assuming that the spread of disease follows a stochastic process rather than a deterministic one, we utilized the Poisson process for the variation of infection and applied epidemic model to the stochastic chemical reaction model. Using observed pandemic data, we estimated three parameters in the SIER model; exposed rate, transmission rate, and recovery rate. After estimating the model, we applied the fitted model to the explanation of spread disease. Additionally, we include a process for generating the Exposed trajectory during the model estimation process due to the lack of the information of exact trajectory of Exposed.",2017,,Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Sociaty,28,2,297-307,,10.7465/jkdi.2017.28.2.297,949,#12958,Choi 2017,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Evaluation of the basic reproduction number of MERS-CoV during the 2015 Outbreak in South Korea,"Chang, Hyuk-Jun","In 2015 an outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has occurred in South Korea, which has been known to be the second biggest outbreak of MERS so far. In this paper we study an estimation of the basic reproduction number of the coronavirus (CoV) of MERS based on the reported data from the MERS spread in South Korea. To this end we employ a mathematical model described by a set of ordinary differential equations, i.e. the wellknown susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model. First we fit the model to the epidemic curve data obtained from the outbreak. Then we can identify the model parameters and also the basic reproduction number. Note that there had been no control intervention during the early stage of the MERS outbreak in South Korea, which can be considered as the best condition for the estimation study of intrinsic epidemic parameters of MERS, such as basic reproduction number.",2016,,"2016 16th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (Iccas)",,Journal Article,981-984,,,1399,#13039,Chang 2016,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +"The emerging novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: The ""knowns"" and ""unknowns""","Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Lau, Susanna Kar-Pui; Woo, Patrick Chiu-Yat","A novel lineage C betacoronavirus, originally named human coronavirus EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC) and recently renamed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), that is phylogenetically closely related to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, which we discovered in 2007 from bats in Hong Kong, has recently emerged in the Middle East to cause a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like infection in humans. The first laboratory-confirmed case, which involved a 60-year-old man from Bisha, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), who died of rapidly progressive community-acquired pneumonia and acute renal failure, was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) on September 23, 2012. Since then, a total of 70 cases, including 39 fatalities, have been reported in the Middle East and Europe. Recent clusters involving epidemiologically-linked household contacts and hospital contacts in the Middle East, Europe, and Africa strongly suggested possible human-to-human transmission. Clinical and laboratory research data generated in the past few months have provided new insights into the possible animal reservoirs, transmissibility, and virulence of MERS-CoV, and the optimal laboratory diagnostic options and potential antiviral targets for MERS-CoV-associated infection. Copyright (C) 2013, Elsevier Taiwan LLC & Formosan Medical Association. All rights reserved.",2013,,Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,112,7,372-381,,10.1016/j.jfma.2013.05.010,2563,#13053,Chan 2013,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Janetta Skarp (2019-10-23 20:41:41)(Select): all the interesting numbers come from other papers I think; ,"" +"Response to ""Novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus""","Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Lau, Susanna Kar-Pui; Woo, Patrick Chiu-Yat",,2014,,Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,113,1,66-67,,10.1016/j.jfma.2013.08.007,2420,#13054,Chan 2014,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-17 22:42:49)(Select): are responses to articles peer reviewed?!; ,"" +A Study on the Agent Based Infection Prediction Model Using Space Big Data -focusing on MERS-CoV incident in Seoul-,"Bin, Shin Dong; 전상은","The epidemiological model is useful for creating simulation and associated preventive measures for disease spread, and provides a detailed understanding of the spread of disease space through contact with individuals. In this study, propose an agent-based spatial model(ABM) integrated with spatial big data to simulate the spread of MERS-CoV infections in real time as a result of the interaction between individuals in space. The model described direct contact between individuals and hospitals, taking into account three factors : population, time, and space. The dynamic relationship of the population was based on the MERS-CoV case in Seoul Metropolitan Government in 2015. The model was used to predict the occurrence of MERS, compare the actual spread of MERS with the results of this model by time series, and verify the validity of the model by applying various scenarios. Testing various preventive measures using the measures proposed to select a quarantine strategy in the event of MERS-CoV outbreaks is expected to play an important role in controlling the spread of MERS-CoV.",2018,,Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies,21,2,94-106,,10.11108/kagis.2018.21.2.094,459,#13092,Bin 2018,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +"First Confirmed Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection in the United States, Updated Information on the Epidemiology of MERS-CoV Infection, and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities - May 2014","Bialek, Stephanie R.; Allen, Donna; Alvarado-Ramy, Francisco; Arthur, Ray; Balajee, Arunmozhi; Bell, David; Best, Susan; Blackmore, Carina; Breakwell, Lucy; Cannons, Andrew; Brown, Clive; Cetron, Martin; Chea, Nora; Chommanard, Christina; Cohen, Nicole; Conover, Craig; Crespo, Antonio; Creviston, Jeanean; Curns, Aaron T.; Dahl, Rebecca; Dearth, Stephanie; DeMaria, Alfred,Jr.; Echols, Fred; Erdman, Dean D.; Feikin, Daniel; Frias, Mabel; Gerber, Susan I.; Gulati, Reena; Hale, Christa; Haynes, Lia M.; Heberlein-Larson, Lea; Holton, Kelly; Ijaz, Kashef; Kapoor, Minal; Kohl, Katrin; Kuhar, David T.; Kumar, Alan M.; Kundich, Marianne; Lippold, Susan; Liu, Lixia; Lovchik, Judith C.; Madoff, Larry; Martell, Sandra; Matthews, Sarah; Moore, Jessica; Murray, Linda R.; Onofrey, Shauna; Pallansch, Mark A.; Pesik, Nicki; Huong Pham; Pillai, Satish; Pontones, Pam; Poser, Sarah; Pringle, Kimberly; Pritchard, Scott; Rasmussen, Sonja; Richards, Shawn; Sandoval, Michelle; Schneider, Eileen; Schuchat, Anne; Sheedy, Kristine; Sherin, Kevin; Swerdlow, David L.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Vernon, Michael O.; Watkins, Sharon; Watson, John",,2014,,Mmwr-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,63,19,431-436,,,2289,#13096,Bialek 2014,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,missed duplicate +"First Confirmed Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection in the United States, Updated Information on the Epidemiology of MERS-CoV Infection, and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities - May 2014 (vol 14, pg 1693, 2014)","Bialek, Stephanie R.",,2014,,Mmwr-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,63,25,554-554,,,2243,#13098,Bialek 2014,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-06-29 04:12:45)(Select): rejected as duplicate of +#13096 - Bialek 2014; ",missed duplicate +"Nosocomial Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2015","Balkhy, Hanan H.; Alenazi, Thamer H.; Alshamrani, Majid M.; Baffoe-Bonnie, Henry; Al-Abdely, Hail M.; El-Saed, Aiman; Al Arbash, Hussain A.; Al Mayahi, Zayid K.; Assiri, Abdullah M.; bin Saeed, Abdulaziz",,2016,,Mmwr-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,65,6,163-164,,10.15585/mmwr.mm6506a5,1338,#13164,Balkhy 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2019-06-29 03:34:49)(Select): This study is a duplicate - look at this one and reject its pair. ; ,missed duplicate +"A Mini Review of the Zoonotic Threat Potential of Influenza Viruses, Coronaviruses, Adenoviruses, and Enteroviruses","Bailey, Emily S.; Fieldhouse, Jane K.; Choi, Jessica Y.; Gray, Gregory C.","During the last two decades, scientists have grown increasingly aware that viruses are emerging from the human-animal interface. In particular, respiratory infections are problematic; in early 2003, World Health Organization issued a worldwide alert for a previously unrecognized illness that was subsequently found to be caused by a novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus]. In addition to SARS, other respiratory pathogens have also emerged recently, contributing to the high burden of respiratory tract infection-related morbidity and mortality. Among the recently emerged respiratory pathogens are influenza viruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses. As the genesis of these emerging viruses is not well understood and their detection normally occurs after they have crossed over and adapted to man, ideally, strategies for such novel virus detection should include intensive surveillance at the human-animal interface, particularly if one believes the paradigm that many novel emerging zoonotic viruses first circulate in animal populations and occasionally infect man before they fully adapt to man; early detection at the human-animal interface will provide earlier warning. Here, we review recent emerging virus treats for these four groups of viruses.",2018,,Frontiers in Public Health,6,Journal Article,104-104,,10.3389/fpubh.2018.00104,299,#13176,Bailey 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +The role of diabetes in the severity of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A systematic review and meta-analysis,"Badawi, A.; Ryoo, S.",,2016,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,45,Journal Article,165-165,,10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.392,1268,#13188,Badawi 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,intervention +"Hospital Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (vol 369, pg 407, 2013)","Assiri, Abdullah",,2013,,New England Journal of Medicine,369,9,886-886,,10.1056/NEJMx130039,2526,#13214,Assiri 2013,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +"MERS: progress on the global response, remaining challenges and the way forward.",FAO-OIE-WHO MERS Technical Working Group,"This article summarizes progress in research on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) since a FAO-OIE-WHO Global Technical Meeting held at WHO Headquarters in Geneva on 25-27 September 2017. The meeting reviewed the latest scientific findings and identified and prioritized the global activities necessary to prevent, manage and control the disease. Critical needs for research and technical guidance identified during the meeting have been used to update the WHO R&D MERS-CoV Roadmap for diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines and a broader public health research agenda. Since the 2017 meeting, progress has been made on several key actions in animal populations, at the animal/human interface and in human populations. This report also summarizes the latest scientific studies on MERS since 2017, including data from more than 50 research studies examining the presence of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels.",2018,,Antiviral Research,159,Journal Article,35-44,,,421,#13325,FAO-OIE-WHOMERSTechnicalWorkingGroup 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +"Multiple introductions of MERS-CoV in a 2014 hospital outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Fagbo, S.; Skakni, L.; Chu, D. K.; Garbati, M.; Peiris, M.; Hakawi, A. M.",,2016,,International Journal of Infectious Diseases,45,Journal Article,21-21,,10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.080,1267,#13349,Fagbo 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +What needs to be done to control the spread of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus?,"Edelstein, Michael; Heymann, David L.","Up to November 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) has infected 935 individuals and killed 371, all originating in or with links to the Middle East. The mechanisms of transmission of the disease are not fully understood, but MERS-CoV seems to sustain itself in the human population through repeated re-introduction from a camel reservoir and is able to cause nosocomial outbreaks. The risk of a global spread of MERS-CoV is low. Epidemiological, serological and phylogenetic research, combined with one health surveillance, dynamic case definitions, active case finding, rigorous infection control, culturally sensitive risk communication and a continuous re-evaluation of new evidence will enable to better understand the disease, limit its spread and quantify its risk in order to better prepare for a hypothetical spread.",2015,,Future Virology,10,5,497-505,,10.2217/FVL.15.20,2031,#13399,Edelstein 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +A Construction of Susceptible–Infected–Removed Model using Korean MERS Pandemic Data,"Do, ,M.I.-J.I.N.; Choi, Bo-Seung; 임유진","In summer 2015, Korea has a huge problem with MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) pandemic. According to failure to prevention of the first infectious individual, the first patient was confirmed officially on May 20, 2015. The Korean health authorities officially announced the cease of the pandemic on July 28, 2015. Until that day, totally 186 cases are confirmed with MERS virus, 36 patients died, and 16,991 people are isolated in a hospital or at home by themselves. The number of infection is relatively small, however, the mortality rate is as high as 20%. In this research, we tried to construct statistical modeling for the infectious disease which is infected by human contact. We utilized classical SIR (susceptible–infected–removed) model (Kermack, McKendrick, 1927) for the epidemic model. We utilized MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) method not only parameter estimation but also imputation of missing information. We considered both contact date and confirmed date to calculate the infectious periods and compared the results between two data sets.",2016,,Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society,18,1,105-115,,,1518,#13460,Do 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:18:08)(Select): can't find full text - only citation. It may be in Korean; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND +The emerging threat of the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV),"Dilintas, A.","Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The virus appears to be circulating throughout the Arabian Peninsula, primarily in Saudi Arabia, where the majority of cases (>85%) have been reported. Several cases have been reported in many different countries outside the Middle East. MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that is transmitted from animals to humans. The origins of the virus are not fully understood, but it is believed to have originated in bats, to have been transmitted to camels sometime in the distant past. The route of transmission from animals to humans is not fully known, but camels are likely to be a major reservoir host for MERS-CoV and an animal source of infection for humans. The virus does not appear to pass easily from person to person unless there is close contact. Clusters of cases have been reported in healthcare facilities, where human-to-human transmission appears to be more probable, especially when infection prevention and control practices are inadequate, but so far, no sustained community transmission has been documented. Typical MERS symptoms include high fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common and gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, have also been reported. The fatality rate is high (30-40%). So far, neither a vaccine nor effective therapy against the virus is available. Enhancing infection prevention and control awareness and implementation of preventive measures is critical to avoiding spread of the virus. Breaking the human-to-human transmission cycle remains the cornerstone of infection control during MERS-CoV outbreaks. In order to succeed, this requires the effective identification and isolation of cases, and promotion of the necessary trust between the community and infection control team.",2016,,Archives of Hellenic Medicine,33,3,411-417,,,1240,#13464,Dilintas 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:19:39)(Select): http://web.b.ebscohost.com/abstract?site=ehost&scope=site&jrnl=11053992&AN=115357571&h=uFC%2frP3BJJwvgreWnvYcuJjHZuGkL6dfih1uZHlGaWYdlMTL7yLNlW4kVTSmuDiy3M1SSKMvuX45ALfX1sVR1Q%3d%3d&crl=c&resultLocal=ErrCrlNoResults&resultNs=Ehost&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d11053992%26AN%3d115357571 (need to pass to imperial library before british...); ,review +Waiting time to infectious disease emergence,"Dibble, Christopher J.; O'Dea, Eamon B.; Park, Andrew W.; Drake, John M.","Emerging diseases must make a transition from stuttering chains of transmission to sustained chains of transmission, but this critical transition need not coincide with the system becoming supercritical. That is, the introduction of infection to a supercritical system results in a significant fraction of the population becoming infected only with a certain probability. Understanding the waiting time to the first major outbreak of an emerging disease is then more complicated than determining when the system becomes supercritical. We treat emergence as a dynamic bifurcation, and use the concept of bifurcation delay to understand the time to emergence after a system becomes supercritical. Specifically, we consider an SIR model with a time-varying transmission term and random infections originating from outside the population. We derive an analytic density function for the delay times and find it to be, in general, in agreement with stochastic simulations. We find the key parameters to be the rate of introduction of infection and the rate of change of the basic reproductive ratio. These findings aid our understanding of real emergence events, and can be incorporated into early-warning systems aimed at forecasting disease risk.",2016,,Journal of the Royal Society Interface,13,123,20160540-20160540,,10.1098/rsif.2016.0540,1062,#13469,Dibble 2016,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-30 02:39:05)(Select): not directly applied to MERS +; ",review +"Underlying trend, seasonality, prediction, forecasting and the contribution of risk factors: an analysis of globally reported cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (vol 146, pg 1343, 2018)","Da'ar, Omar B.; Ahmed, Anwar E.",,2018,,Epidemiology and infection,146,14,,,10.1017/S0950268818001905,202,#13538,Da'ar 2018,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Determining Geographical Spread Pattern of MERS-CoV by Distance Method using Kimura Model,"Amiroch, Siti; Rohmatullah, Arif","MERS-CoV or generally called as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, a respiratory disease syndrome caused by a corona virus that attacks the respiratory tract ranging from mild to severe acute indication of fever, cough and shortness of breath. The cases happened relate to the countries in the Arabian Peninsula (Middle East) and there were 356 deaths have been reported due to the spread of the epidemic MERS. The data used in the case of MERS are the data DNA sequences taken from Genbank, the online database of the United States that stores the results of molecular biological experiments from all over the world (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In this case, bioinformatics plays an important role of reading sequences of DNA and genetic information by using the main device in the form of software that is supported by the availability of the Internet, while the analysis there in made and proven with mathematical methods. In similar research conducted by molecular biologists and physicians, the process of DNA sequencing is done with software that is already available like BLAST. In order to determine the MERS geographical distribution patterns in the Arabian Peninsula is done with program Clustal W, Bayesian, Phylip, etc. In this study, the writer use the Matlab simulation for all processes starting sequence alignment, counting the number of transitions and transversion substitutions for each sequence and its location up to the process of forming a phylogenetic tree that figures out the pattern of spread of the epidemic MERS. Mathematical analysis performed on a decline in the formula is to find Kimura evolutionary models and the process of forming a phylogenetic tree (the pattern of the epidemic MERS distribution) with neighbor joining algorithm. Finally it was obtained the pattern of geographical spread with 6 groups epidemic of MERS which ultimately turns out that all the MERS viruses that were spread in the Arabian Peninsula everything are almost the same as the virus sequence found in al-Hasa.",2017,,Symposium on Biomathematics (Symomath 2016),1825,Journal Article,UNSP 020001-1-UNSP 020001-1,,10.1063/1.4978970,930,#13570,Amiroch 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,phylo +Epidemiology and clinical presentation of MERSCoV in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review,"Alqahtani, S. H.; Aldawsari, M. N.",,2015,,Tropical Medicine & International Health,20,Journal Article,268-268,,,1692,#13611,Alqahtani 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:53:28)(Select): this is conference proceedings - not peer reviewed - no full text; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:43:23)(Select): I kept this copy of the duplicate (and rejected #13612); ,missed duplicate; review +Epidemiology and clinical presentation of MERSCoV in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review,"Alqahtani, S. H.; Aldawsari, M. N.",,2017,,Tropical Medicine & International Health,22,Journal Article,177-178,,,579,#13612,Alqahtani 2017,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:42:53)(Select): reject this copy as it is a duplicate of #13611; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND; missed duplicate; review +"Hajj, Umrah, and the neglected tropical diseases","Almutairi, Mashal M.; Alsalem, Waleed Saleh; Hassanain, Mazen; Hotez, Peter J.",,2018,,Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases,12,8,e0006539-e0006539,,10.1371/journal.pntd.0006539,203,#13626,Almutairi 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Five things to know about ... Middle East respiratory syndrome,"Al-Maani, Amal; Gold, Wayne L.; McGeer, Allison",,2015,,Canadian Medical Association journal,187,9,679-679,,10.1503/cmaj.140951,1808,#13638,Al-Maani 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Gender Dynamics and Socio-Cultural Determinants of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia,"Ali, Muhanad Ahmed","Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a potentially severe viral respiratory illness that is caused by a new strain from the beta group of coronavirus (CoV). Almost all cases arise from Saudi Arabia, and men are at a greater risk of contracting the virus (68%) in comparison to women. This disparity presents an interesting question: What accounts for these observed sex differences in MERS infection rates? Using an analytic lens that considers the unique dynamics of socially constructed and specific gender roles, this review challenges the common assumption that biological differences in vulnerability (genetic disposition) are the primary drivers for the disparate male infection rates. Specifically, the author uses a gender-based analysis (GBA) to explore gender-based risk factors within Saudi Arabia that may contribute to this disparity. The findings of this review suggest that particular gendered risk factors including religious (Hajj) and cultural practices (shisha smoking) as well as social roles pertaining to livestock management (dromedary camels) may create different exposures to MERS-CoV. Ultimately, this research illustrates a significant gap in the current knowledge and understanding of how gender dynamics affect infectious diseases, especially concerning the issue of containment of and protection from MERS.",2016,,University of Toronto Medical Journal,94,1,32-37,,,993,#13650,Ali 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Evaluation of visual triage for screening of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients.,"Alfaraj, S. H.; Al-Tawfiq, J. A.; Gautret, P.; Alenazi, M. G.; Asiri, A. Y.; Memish, Z. A.","The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in September 2012 in Saudi Arabia had attracted the attention of the global health community. In 2017 the Saudi Ministry of Health released a visual triage system with scoring to alert healthcare workers in emergency departments (EDs) and haemodialysis units for the possibility of occurrence of MERS-CoV infection. We performed a retrospective analysis of this visual score to determine its sensitivity and specificity. The study included all cases from 2014 to 2017 in a MERS-CoV referral centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During the study period there were a total of 2435 suspected MERS cases. Of these, 1823 (75%) tested negative and the remaining 25% tested positive for MERS-CoV by PCR assay. The application of the visual triage score found a similar percentage of MERS-CoV and non-MERS-CoV patients, with each score from 0 to 11. The percentage of patients with a cutoff score of ≥4 was 75% in patients with MERS-CoV infection and 85% in patients without MERS-CoV infection (p 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of this cutoff score for MERS-CoV infection were 74.1% and 18.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system were low, and further refinement of the score is needed for better prediction of MERS-CoV infection.",2018,,New microbes and new infections,26,Journal Article,49-52,,10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.008,122,#13674,Alfaraj 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,intervention +"No molecular evidence of MERS-CoV circulation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2010-2012: a single-center retrospective study","Alamoudi, Reem Jamal; Azhar, Leena Esam; Alamoudi, Dareen Hussein; Alamoudi, Dena Hussein; Tolah, Ahmed Majdi; Alhabbab, Rowa Yousef; Azhar, Esam Ibraheem; Hashem, Anwar Mohammed","Introduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic viral pathogen and a serious public health concern. The virus was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and continues to be endemic in the region. Most of the initial MERS-CoV cases in 2012 and early 2013 were sporadic, and it remains unclear whether MERS-CoV was circulating before 2012 or not. Therefore, we tried here to find any molecular evidence of MERS-CoV circulation in humans before or during 2012 in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: We examined 349 archived respiratory samples collected between January 2010 and December 2012 from patients with acute respiratory illnesses from the city of Jeddah in Western Saudi Arabia. All samples were screened for MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR targeting the upstream E-gene (UpE) and the open reading frame 1 a (ORF1a). Results: All tested samples which were originally found negative for influenza A H1N1 virus were also found to be negative for MERS-CoV. Conclusions: These results suggest that circulation of MERS-CoV was uncommon among patients with acute respiratory symptoms in Western Saudi Arabia between 2010 and 2012.",2018,,Journal of Infection in Developing Countries,12,5,390-393,,10.3855/jidc.9523,277,#13689,Alamoudi 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Phylogenetic Analysis of MERSCoV in Human and Camels in Iraq,"Al Salihi, Saba F.; Alrodhan, Mohsen A.","Most of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome cases have been reported in Arabian Peninsula in addition to document of sporadic cases in Europe and Asia. Genetic recombination implicated in the emergence of (MERSCoV), virulence host adaptation, transmission and other zoonotic and epidemiological features, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic relationship among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) of human and camels' origin at the period from October 2015 to February 2016. Hundred samples were collected from camel and 100 from human. Camel samples secerned by immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of viral antigen. The total percentage of ICA positivity was 28%. Human and camel samples subjected to Revers transcription real time-PCR and carried out by RNA extraction by using specific primers (F-TGCAAGCTTTTGGTCTTCGC) (R-AGCAAGCTCAGCAATTTGGG) and Taq-Man-Probe (FAM-TCGGCACTGAGGACCCACGT-BHQ1) for detection of nucleocapsid gene (N gene) 113 bp. The total positive result in camels were 15%, there was no significant difference between sex and type of samples, in relation to the age group the results showed that age group more than ten years was the highest percent with significant difference at P<0.05. According to the months of the year, October recorded the highest infection rate with significant difference at p<0.05. While the result of RT-RT-PCR according to the regions of study showed that Al-shinafyah in western borders of Iraq-Saudi was the highest infection rate 35% with significant difference at P<0.05. On the other hand, 100 human nasal swaps and bronchial lavage samples were collected from pilgrims and non-pilgrims, the total positive result was 5%. The pilgrims recorded the highest infection rate. The result of conventional PCR by using specific primers (F-TGCAAGCTTTTGGTCTTCGC), (R-ATGGCTCCACTGTACCGAAG) for detection of Ngene (217 bp) of MERSCoV was confirmative, three humans and 11 camel positive samples were used in further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis by extraction and purification of the PCR products. Our clones sequence submitted in GenBank-NCPI and took their accession number. (Camel-KX150506.1, KX150493.1, KX150494.1, KX150495.1, KX150496.1, KX150497.1, KX150498.1, KX150502.1, KX150503.1, KX150504.1, KX150505.1), (Human-KX150499.1, KX150500.1, KX150501.1) the phylogenetic tree construction and analysis results showed that most of Iraqi variants of camel and human were located in Clade-B in which Saudi Arabia strains were clustered. One of our clones (MERS-Iq. 2Huh) of accession number KX150500.1 was located in clade-A in the same branch of Jordanian strain while bat corona virus, SARS corona and neoromica corona virus was out group clustered in separated branch.",2017,,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences,6,1,120-129,,,917,#13696,AlSalihi 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,phylo +MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-CORONAVIRUS (MERS-CoV) IN INDIA AND ABROAD,"Ahmad, Zeeshan; Singh, Kuldeep; Akhtar, Juber; Amir, Mohammad; Parveen, Zeba; Shakya, Pragati","Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is viral respiratory illness that was lately recognized in human. It was first testified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has since spread to numerous other countries, as well as the United State. Record people well-known as infected with MERSCoV developed numerous acute respiratory illnesses, including fever, cough and shortness of breath. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an illness initiated by a virus (more specifically, a coronavirus) called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Around 3 to 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. The biggest known outbreak of MERS outside the Arabian Peninsula occurred in the Republic of Korea in 2015. The outbreak was allied with a traveler returning from the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV has spread from ill people to others through close contact, like caring for or living with infected person. MERS can affect everyone. MERS patients have ranged in age from younger than 1 to 99 years old. No vaccine available against MERS. The U.S. National Institutes of Health is exploring the probability of emerging one. Antiviral treatment suggested for MERS-CoV infection. Individuals with MERS can seek medical care to help relieve symptoms. For severe cases, current treatment includes care to support vital organ functions.",2017,,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research,8,11,4496-4512,,10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(11).4496-12,543,#13715,Ahmad 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +"MERS: Progress on the global response, remaining challenges and the way forward","Aguanno, Ryan; Elldrissi, Ahmed; Elkholy, Amgad A.; Ben Embarek, Peter; Gardner, Emma; Grant, Rebecca; Mahrous, Heba; Malik, Mamunur Rahman; Pavade, Gounalan; VonDobschuetz, Sophie; Wiersma, Lidewij; Van Kerkhove, Maria D.; FAO-OIE-WHO MERS Tech Working Grp","This article summarizes progress in research on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) since a FAO-OIE-WHO Global Technical Meeting held at WHO Headquarters in Geneva on 25-27 September 2017. The meeting reviewed the latest scientific findings and identified and prioritized the global activities necessary to prevent, manage and control the disease. Critical needs for research and technical guidance identified during the meeting have been used to update the WHO R&D MERS-CoV Roadmap for diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines and a broader public health research agenda. Since the 2017 meeting, progress has been made on several key actions in animal populations, at the animal/human interface and in human populations. This report also summarizes the latest scientific studies on MERS since 2017, including data from more than 50 research studies examining the presence of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels.",2018,,Antiviral Research,159,Journal Article,35-44,,10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.002,121,#13717,Aguanno 2018,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Non-pandemic human coronaviruses - characteristics and diagnostics,"Abramczuk, Edyta; Pancer, Katarzyna; Gut, Wlodzimierz; Litwinska, Bogumila","In this article, the characteristics of human coronaviruses (HCoV) are presented. Currently, six human coronaviruses are known: HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-SARS and HCoV-MERS. The first human coronaviruses were described in the sixties of the twentieth century, the last one, HCoV-MERS, in 2012 y. Coronaviruses can cause mild, asymptomatic infections as well as severe respiratory diseases, like pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The symptoms of HCoV infection are mainly: fever, nasopharyngitis, cough, bronchiolitis, pneumonia. Infections due to HCoV occur during the whole human life, but aremost frequent in children. They can occur throughout the year, but are most common in the winter season. Treatment of HCoV infections is usually symptomatic. Diagnosis of HCoV is mainly based on molecular technics such as quantitative PCR. Serological tests are only used for epidemiological purposes.",2017,,Postepy Mikrobiologii,56,2,205-213,,,751,#13747,Abramczuk 2017,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,review +Patterns of Human Respiratory Viruses and Lack of MERS-Coronavirus in Patients with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Southwestern Province of Saudi Arabia,"Abdulhaq, Ahmed A.; Basode, Vinod Kumar; Hashem, Anwar M.; Alshrari, Ahmed S.; Badroon, Nassrin A.; Hassan, Ahmed M.; Alsubhi, Tagreed L.; Solan, Yahia; Ejeeli, Saleh; Azhar, Esam I.","We undertook enhanced surveillance of those presenting with respiratory symptoms at five healthcare centers by testing all symptomatic outpatients between November 2013 and January 2014 (winter time). Nasal swabs were collected from 182 patients and screened for MERS-CoV as well as other respiratory viruses using RT-PCR and multiplex microarray. A total of 75 (41.2%) of these patients had positive viral infection. MERS-CoV was not detected in any of the samples. Human rhinovirus (hRV) was the most detected pathogen (40.9%) followed by non-MERS-CoV human coronaviruses (19.3%), influenza (Flu) viruses (15.9%), and human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) (13.6%). Viruses differed markedly depending on age in which hRV, Flu A, and hCoVOC43 weremore prevalent in adults and RSV, hCoV-HKU1, and hCoV-NL63 weremostly restricted to children under the age of 15. Moreover, coinfection was not uncommon in this study, in which 17.3% of the infected patients had dual infections due to several combinations of viruses. Dual infections decreased with age and completely disappeared in people older than 45 years. Our study confirms that MERS-CoV is not common in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia and shows high diversity and prevalence of other common respiratory viruses. This study also highlights the importance and contribution of enhanced surveillance systems for better infection control.",2017,,Advances in Virology,,Journal Article,"4247853,-4247853,",,10.1155/2017/4247853,830,#13756,Abdulhaq 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Lorenzo Cattarino (2019-11-04 20:04:32)(Select): no MERS-CoV detected; ,"" +"Lack of Transmission among Close Contacts of Patient with Imported Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome into the United States, 2014","Breakwell, Lucy; Pringle, Kimberly; Chea, Nora; Allen, Donna; Allen, Steve; Richards, Shawn; Pantones, Pam; Sandoval, Michelle; Liu, Lixia; Vernon, Michael; Conover, Craig; Chugh, Rashmi; DeMaria, Alfred; Burns, Rachel; Smole, Sandra; Gerber, Susan I.; Cohen, Nicole J.; Kuhar, David; Haynes, Lia M.; Schneider, Eileen; Kumar, Alan; Kapoor, Minal; Madrigal, Marlene; Swerdlow, David L.; Feikin, Daniel R.","In May 2014, a traveler from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was the first person identified with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States. To evaluate transmission risk, we determined the type, duration, and frequency of patient contact among health care personnel (HCP), household, and community contacts by using standard questionnaires and, for HCP, global positioning system (GPS) tracer tag logs. Respiratory and serum samples from all contacts were tested for MERS-CoV. Of 61 identified contacts, 56 were interviewed. HCP exposures occurred most frequently in the emergency department (69%) and among nurses (47%); some HCP had contact with respiratory secretions. Household and community contacts had brief contact (e.g., hugging). All laboratory test results were negative for MERS-CoV. This contact investigation found no secondary cases, despite case-patient contact by 61 persons, and provides useful information about MERS-CoV transmission risk. Compared with GPS tracer tag recordings, self-reported contact may not be as accurate.",2015,,Emerging Infectious Diseases,21,7,1128-1134,,10.3201/eid2107.150054,1790,#13845,Breakwell 2015,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; ,missed duplicate +Emerging Viral Respiratory Infections,"Ambizas, Emily M.; Etzel, Joseph V.","Despite a decline in mortality rates due to infectious disease in the 20th century, emerging and reemerging respiratory tract infections continue to present major challenges in diagnostic, treatment, prevention, and control strategies. Recent events have alerted the world to the dangers of viruses; pathogens can emerge and spread rapidly across continents, threatening global public health security. Several newly discovered viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), have been identified to possess epidemic potential. Certain influenza strains and enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) are also of concern. Clinical management varies and may include supportive care and antivirals. Lessons learned from these potentially dangerous viruses provide us with the knowledge and expertise to rapidly identify and fight future outbreaks.",2015,,Us Pharmacist,40,7,59-66,,,1764,#13858,Ambizas 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Janetta Skarp (2019-10-18 20:48:27)(Select): agreed; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:45:01)(Select): don't think this is peer reviewed; ,review +Occupational Exposure and Respiratory Tract Infections - At Risk Workers in the International Context,"Aasen, Tor B.","Infectious diseases transmitted at work are frequent globally. Lung infections due to exposure at work are mainly affecting two broad groups, health care workers (HCW) and people exposed occasionally to sick animals. The main challenge globally during the last decades has been tuberculosis (TB), different influenza strains and coronaviruses. TB is still a global threat infecting almost 9 mill people world-wide and causing 1, 4 mill deaths (2011). Influenza is common during winters in smaller epidemics, but has also caused serious pandemics (1918, 1957, 1968 and 2009). TB in miners is a major health problem in South-Africa. Avian influenza is caused by the influenza A strain in birds. Humans may acquire avian influenza by inhalations of droplets or by contact from infected material. Different avian strains have been shown to infect humans (H5N1, H7N7 and H9N2 strains). Swine influenza H1N1 (S-OIV) were reported from Mexico in 2009 with a further rapid spread to other countries and causing a pandemic. The syndrome of SARS caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was first described in Guangdong, China in 2002. The infection spread rapidly and 29 countries were affected in the first epidemic in 2002-3. In 2012 a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV) related to SARS was described in a Saudi Arabian patient who died of pneumonia and multi-organ failure (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome - MERS). Other occupational respiratory infections are also encountered, among them legionella, psittacosis and Q-fever. Increased mortality of pneumonia in welders is a special problem, probably due to reduced resistance to infection because of welding fumes. Knowledge of disease transmission mechanisms is necessary for managing epidemics.",2016,,Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews,12,1,5-9,,10.2174/1573398X11666151026221151,1468,#13885,Aasen 2016,"Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Amy Dighe (2019-06-27 19:39:58)(Select): The only relevant parameter estimate given in this review is MERS case fatality, and the reference is a WHO update - not peer reviewed literature. So rejected.; ",review +AROUND THE WORLD Korea's MERS outbreak contained?,[Anonymous],,2015,,Science,348,6241,1292-1292,,,1806,#13905,[Anonymous] 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:41:41)(Select): not peer reviewed; ,"" +Outbreak currently under Control MERS in South Korea,[Anonymous],,2015,,Flugmedizin Tropenmedizin Reisemedizin,22,4,161-161,,,1798,#13906,[Anonymous] 2015,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Amy Dighe (2019-07-18 01:29:31)(Select): suspected not in english; ,"" +MERS outbreak in Asia,[Anonymous],,2015,,Bulletin of the World Health Organization,93,7,441-441,,,1787,#13907,[Anonymous] 2015,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,NO FULL TEXT FOUND +MERS-an uncertain future,[Anonymous],,2015,,Lancet Infectious Diseases,15,10,1115-1115,,,1652,#13908,[Anonymous] 2015,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Risk factors of nosocomial outbreaks of MERS-CoV,[Anonymous],,2016,,Lancet Infectious Diseases,16,6,646-646,,,1205,#13913,[Anonymous] 2016,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Selected Epidemics & Emerging Pathogens - Respiratory Illnesses - an Overview.,[Anonymous],,2017,,Disease-a-month : DM,63,9,246-248,,10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.03.016,590,#13915,[Anonymous] 2017,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +Special Issue: Modern statistical tools for inference and prediction of infectious disease using dynamic models.,[Anonymous],"This special issue includes 5 papers presenting state-of-the-art statistical methodology and recent developments used today for parameter inference and/or prediction of infectious diseases using dynamical models. The topics discussed are: a modelling/analysis pipeline to identify dynamic gene regulatory networks from time-course Gene Expression Omnibus data with applications to influenza infection; comparative performance of simple Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches in the context of infectious diseases; modelling the spread of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; profile likelihood-based analyses of infectious disease models (e.g., influenza and Zika virus outbreaks); and, a two-stage approach for estimating the parameters of an age-group epidemic model from incidence data (applied to real data of influenza-like-illness).",2018,,Statistical methods in medical research,27,7,1927-2014,,,389,#13916,[Anonymous] 2018,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Amy Dighe (2025-07-22 21:12:09)(Select): Checked and we did pick up the modelling paper elsewhere so kicking this back.; Amy Dighe (2019-06-27 20:39:26)(Select): Think this is actually an intro to a special issue, rather than a paper, but I have linked the MERS article that is within the special issue in case we haven't picked it up later.; ","" +Middle East respiratory syndrome.,Memish ZA; Perlman S; Van Kerkhove MD; Zumla A,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that was first identified in humans in Saudi Arabia and Jordan in 2012. Intermittent sporadic cases, community clusters, and nosocomial outbreaks of MERS-CoV continue to occur. Between April 2012 and December 2019, 2499 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including 858 deaths (34·3% mortality) were reported from 27 countries to WHO, the majority of which were reported by Saudi Arabia (2106 cases, 780 deaths). Large outbreaks of human-to-human transmission have occurred, the largest in Riyadh and Jeddah in 2014 and in South Korea in 2015. MERS-CoV remains a high-threat pathogen identified by WHO as a priority pathogen because it causes severe disease that has a high mortality rate, epidemic potential, and no medical countermeasures. This Seminar provides an update on the current knowledge and perspectives on MERS epidemiology, virology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, management, infection control, development of new therapeutics and vaccines, and highlights unanswered questions and priorities for research, improved management, and prevention.",2020,Mar,Lancet,395,10229,1063-1077,,10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33221-0,32145185,#13922,Memish 2020,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:38:06)(Select): ""Seminar"" not research; ","" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,Al-Tawfiq JA; Azhar EI; Memish ZA; Zumla A,"The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of three zoonotic coronaviruses which have jumped species to cause lethal disease in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and the origins of MERS-CoV are not fully understood. Genomic analysis indicates it originated in bats and transmitted to camels. Human-to-human transmission occurs in varying frequency, being highest in healthcare environment and to a lesser degree in the community and among family members. Several nosocomial outbreaks of human-to-human transmission have occurred, the largest in Riyadh and Jeddah in 2014 and South Korea in 2015. MERS-CoV remains a high-threat pathogen identified by World Health Organization as a priority pathogen because it causes severe disease that has a high mortality rate, epidemic potential, and no medical countermeasures. MERS-CoV has been identified in dromedaries in several countries in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. MERS-CoV-2 causes a wide range of clinical presentations, although the respiratory system is predominantly affected. There are no specific antiviral treatments, although recent trials indicate that combination antivirals may be useful in severely ill patients. Diagnosing MERS-CoV early and implementation infection control measures are critical to preventing hospital-associated outbreaks. Preventing MERS relies on avoiding unpasteurized or uncooked animal products, practicing safe hygiene habits in health care settings and around dromedaries, community education and awareness training for health workers, as well as implementing effective control measures. Effective vaccines for MERS-COV are urgently needed but still under development.",2021,Dec,Semin Respir Crit Care Med,42,6,828-838,,10.1055/s-0041-1733804,34918324,#13924,Al-Tawfiq 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is Not Circulating Among Hajj Pilgrims.,Al-Tawfiq JA; Memish ZA,"Since the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2012, the virus had caused multiple healthcare-associated outbreaks. The initial 2012 Hajj season started few weeks after the first case of MERS-CoV, but there were no reported cases among pilgrims in 2012. Since then, there had been multiple studies examining the prevalence of MERS-CoV among Hajj pilgrims. Subsequently, multiple studies utilized screening of pilgrims for MERS-CoV and > 10,000 pilgrims were screened with no identifiable cases of MERS.",2023,Sep,J Epidemiol Glob Health,13,3,387-390,,10.1007/s44197-023-00128-x,37326821,#13926,Al-Tawfiq 2023,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Christian Morgenstern (2025-06-10 02:56:30)(Select): This is an editorial, and all the tests and/or sero referencing the underlying studies.; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-17 00:41:05)(Screen): I think this needs a further look to rule out sero; ","" +Host Determinants of MERS-CoV Transmission and Pathogenesis.,Widagdo W; Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya S; Hundie GB; Haagmans BL,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes respiratory infection in humans, ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. In dromedary camels, the virus only causes a mild infection but it spreads efficiently between animals. Differences in the behavior of the virus observed between individuals, as well as between humans and dromedary camels, highlight the role of host factors in MERS-CoV pathogenesis and transmission. One of these host factors, the MERS-CoV receptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), may be a critical determinant because it is variably expressed in MERS-CoV-susceptible species as well as in humans. This could partially explain inter- and intraspecies differences in the tropism, pathogenesis, and transmissibility of MERS-CoV. In this review, we explore the role of DPP4 and other host factors in MERS-CoV transmission and pathogenesis-such as sialic acids, host proteases, and interferons. Further characterization of these host determinants may potentially offer novel insights to develop intervention strategies to tackle ongoing outbreaks.",2019,Mar,Viruses,11,3,,,10.3390/v11030280,30893947,#13935,Widagdo 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges.",Rabaan AA; Al-Ahmed SH; Sah R; Alqumber MA; Haque S; Patel SK; Pathak M; Tiwari R; Yatoo MI; Haq AU; Bilal M; Dhama K; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,"The Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained research attention worldwide, given the current pandemic. Nevertheless, a previous zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is still causing concern, especially in Saudi Arabia and neighbour countries. The MERS-CoV has been reported from respiratory samples in more than 27 countries, and around 2500 cases have been reported with an approximate fatality rate of 35%. After its emergence in 2012 intermittent, sporadic cases, nosocomial infections and many community clusters of MERS continued to occur in many countries. Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. The current review is drafted using an extensive review of literature on various databases, selecting of publications irrespective of favouring or opposing, assessing the merit of study, the abstraction of data and analysing data. The genome of MERS-CoV contains around thirty thousand nucleotides having seven predicted open reading frames. Spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the four main structural proteins. The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. Three regions in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah were affected severely. The epidemic progression had been the highest in 2014 in Makkah and Riyadh and Eastern Province in 2013. With a lurking epidemic scare, there is a crucial need for effective therapeutic and immunological remedies constructed on sound molecular investigations.",2021,Jan,Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob,20,1,8,,10.1186/s12941-020-00414-7,33461573,#13944,Rabaan 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +A Review of Asymptomatic and Subclinical Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections.,Grant R; Malik MR; Elkholy A; Van Kerkhove MD,"The epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since 2012 has been largely characterized by recurrent zoonotic spillover from dromedary camels followed by limited human-to-human transmission, predominantly in health-care settings. The full extent of infection of MERS-CoV is not clear, nor is the extent and/or role of asymptomatic infections in transmission. We conducted a review of molecular and serological investigations through PubMed and EMBASE from September 2012 to November 15, 2018, to measure subclinical or asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection within and outside of health-care settings. We performed retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infections reported to the World Health Organization to November 27, 2018, to summarize what is known about asymptomatic infections identified through national surveillance systems. We identified 23 studies reporting evidence of MERS-CoV infection outside of health-care settings, mainly of camel workers, with seroprevalence ranges of 0%-67% depending on the study location. We identified 20 studies in health-care settings of health-care worker (HCW) and family contacts, of which 11 documented molecular evidence of MERS-CoV infection among asymptomatic contacts. Since 2012, 298 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported as asymptomatic to the World Health Organization, 164 of whom were HCWs. The potential to transmit MERS-CoV to others has been demonstrated in viral-shedding studies of asymptomatic MERS infections. Our results highlight the possibility for onward transmission of MERS-CoV from asymptomatic individuals. Screening of HCW contacts of patients with confirmed MERS-CoV is currently recommended, but systematic screening of non-HCW contacts outside of health-care facilities should be encouraged.",2019,Jan,Epidemiol Rev,41,1,69-81,,10.1093/epirev/mxz009,31781765,#13962,Grant 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Ongoing Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, 2023-2024.",Hassan AM; Mühlemann B; Al-Subhi TL; Rodon J; El-Kafrawy SA; Memish Z; Melchert J; Bleicker T; Mauno T; Perlman S; Zumla A; Jones TC; Müller MA; Corman VM; Drosten C; Azhar EI,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) circulates in dromedary camels in the Arabian Peninsula and occasionally causes spillover infections in humans. MERS-CoV diversity is poorly understood because of the lack of sampling during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected 558 swab samples from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia during November 2023-January 2024. We found 39% were positive for MERS-CoV RNA by reverse transcription PCR. We sequenced 42 MERS-CoVs and 7 human 229E-related coronaviruses from camel swab samples by using high-throughput sequencing. Sequences from both viruses formed monophyletic clades apical to recently available genomes. MERS-CoV sequences were most similar to B5 lineage sequences and harbored unique genetic features, including novel amino acid polymorphisms in the spike protein. Further characterization will be required to understand their effects. MERS-CoV spillover into humans poses considerable public health concerns. Our findings indicate surveillance and phenotypic studies are needed to identify and monitor MERS-CoV pandemic potential.",2025,Jan,Emerg Infect Dis,31,1,57-65,,10.3201/eid3101.241030,39641462,#13963,Hassan 2025,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:27:24)(Select): camel only; ,"" +Unresolved questions in the zoonotic transmission of MERS.,Peiris M; Perlman S,"The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the second of three zoonotic coronaviruses to infect humans since 2002, causing severe pneumonia. Unlike SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, the causes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome and Covid-19, respectively, MERS-CoV is enzootic in dromedary camels, a domestic/companion animal present across Africa, the Middle East and Central or South Asia and is sporadically transmitted to humans. However, it does not transmit readily from human to human except in hospital and household settings. Human MERS disease is reported only from the Arabian Peninsula (and only since 2012 even though the virus was detected in camels from at least the early 1990's) and in travelers from this region. Remarkably, no zoonotic MERS disease has been detected in Africa or Asia, even in areas of high density of MERS-CoV infected dromedaries. Here, we review aspects of MERS biology and epidemiology that might contribute to this lack of correlation between sites of camel infection and human zoonotic disease. Since MERS-CoV or MERS-like CoV have pandemic potential, further investigations into this disparity is critical, to forestall pandemics caused by this virus.",2022,Feb,Curr Opin Virol,52,,258-264,,10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.013,34999369,#13983,Peiris 2022,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-27 00:07:44)(Select): not research; ,"" +"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, 2017-2018.",Hakawi A; Rose EB; Biggs HM; Lu X; Mohammed M; Abdalla O; Abedi GR; Alsharef AA; Alamri AA; Bereagesh SA; Al Dosari KM; Ashehri SA; Fakhouri WG; Alzaid SZ; Lindstrom S; Gerber SI; Asiri A; Jokhdar H; Watson JT,"We characterized exposures and demographics of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus cases reported to the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health during July 1-October 31, 2017, and June 1-September 16, 2018. Molecular characterization of available specimens showed that circulating viruses during these periods continued to cluster within lineage 5.",2019,Nov,Emerg Infect Dis,25,11,2149-2151,,10.3201/eid2511.190726,31430248,#14002,Hakawi 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:24:41)(Select): wrong format; ,"" +"Low-Level Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus among Camel Handlers, Kenya, 2019.",Munyua PM; Ngere I; Hunsperger E; Kochi A; Amoth P; Mwasi L; Tong S; Mwatondo A; Thornburg N; Widdowson MA; Njenga MK,"Although seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory coronavirus syndrome is high among camels in Africa, researchers have not detected zoonotic transmission in Kenya. We followed a cohort of 262 camel handlers in Kenya during April 2018-March 2020. We report PCR-confirmed Middle East respiratory coronavirus syndrome in 3 asymptomatic handlers.",2021,,Emerg Infect Dis,27,4,1201-1205,,10.3201/eid2704.204458,33754992,#14013,Munyua 2021,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Amy Dighe (2025-08-07 23:39:24)(Included): Number of cases <10 so cannot extract asymptomatics - nothing to extract.; Christian Morgenstern (2025-06-27 03:11:12)(Select): EID dispatches are peer-reviewed and the paper contains information on asymptomatic transmission; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:50:56)(Select): ""dispatch"" wrong format; ",useful +"Sequence and phylogentic analysis of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia, 2012-2019.",Farrag MA; Amer HM; Bhat R; Almajhdi FN,"BACKGROUND: The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to exist in the Middle East sporadically. Thorough investigations of the evolution of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are urgently required. In the current study, we studied amplified fragments of ORF1a/b, Spike (S) gene, ORF3/4a, and ORF4b of four human MERS-CoV strains for tracking the evolution of MERS-CoV over time. METHODS: RNA isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirate, sputum, and tracheal swabs/aspirates from hospitalized patients with suspected MERS-CoV infection were analyzed for amplification of nine variable genomic fragments. Sequence comparisons were done using different bioinformatics tools available. RESULTS: Several mutations were identified in ORF1a/b, ORF3/4a and ORF4b, with the highest mutation rates in the S gene. Five codons; 4 in ORF1a and 1 in the S gene, were found to be under selective pressure. Characteristic amino acid changes, potentially hosted and year specific were defined across the S protein and in the receptor-binding domain Phylogenetic analysis using S gene sequence revealed clustering of MERS-CoV strains into three main clades, A, B and C with subdivision of with clade B into B1 to B4. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, MERS-CoV appears to continuously evolve. It is recommended that the molecular and pathobiological characteristics of future MERS-CoV strains should be analyzed on regular basis to prevent potential future outbreaks at early phases.",2021,Apr,Virol J,18,1,90,,10.1186/s12985-021-01563-7,33931099,#14020,Farrag 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:06:09)(Select): no evol rate; ,"" +Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spike protein variants exhibit geographic differences in virulence.,Wong LR; Zheng J; Sariol A; Lowery S; Meyerholz DK; Gallagher T; Perlman S,"Human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases were detected primarily in the Middle East before a major outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015. The Korean outbreak was initiated by a single infected individual, allowing studies of virus evolution in the absence of further MERS-CoV introduction into human populations. In contrast, MERS is primarily a camel disease on the Arabian Peninsula and in Africa, with clinical disease in humans only in the former location. Previous work identified two mutations in the South Korean MERS-CoV, D510G and I529T on the Spike (S) protein, that led to impaired binding to the receptor. However, whether these mutations affected virulence is unknown. To address this question, we constructed isogenic viruses expressing mutations found in the S protein from Korean isolates and showed that isogenic viruses carrying the Korean MERS-CoV mutations, D510G or I529T, were attenuated in mice, resulting in greater survival, less induction of inflammatory cytokines, and less severe lung injury. In contrast, isogenic viruses expressing S proteins from African isolates were nearly fully virulent; other studies showed that West African camel isolates carry mutations in MERS-CoV accessory proteins, which may limit human transmission. These data indicate that following a single-point introduction of the virus, MERS-CoV S protein evolved rapidly in South Korea to adapt to human populations, with consequences on virulence. In contrast, the mutations in S proteins of African isolates did not change virulence, indicating that S protein variation likely does not play a major role in the lack of camel-to-human transmission in Africa.",2021,Jun,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,118,24,,,10.1073/pnas.2102983118,34099556,#14036,Wong 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Serologic testing of coronaviruses from MERS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: Learning from the past and anticipating the future.,Al-Tawfiq JA; Memish ZA,,2020,Sep-Oct,Travel Med Infect Dis,37,,101785,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101785,32534208,#14049,Al-Tawfiq 2020,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +"MERS-CoV in Camels but Not Camel Handlers, Sudan, 2015 and 2017.",Farag E; Sikkema RS; Mohamedani AA; de Bruin E; Munnink BBO; Chandler F; Kohl R; van der Linden A; Okba NMA; Haagmans BL; van den Brand JMA; Elhaj AM; Abakar AD; Nour BYM; Mohamed AM; Alwaseela BE; Ahmed H; Alhajri MM; Koopmans M; Reusken C; Elrahman SHA,"We tested samples collected from camels, camel workers, and other animals in Sudan and Qatar in 2015 and 2017 for evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. MERS-CoV antibodies were abundant in Sudan camels, but we found no evidence of MERS-CoV infection in camel workers, other livestock, or bats.",2019,Dec,Emerg Infect Dis,25,12,2333-2335,,10.3201/eid2512.190882,31742534,#14053,Farag 2019,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:04:18)(Select): wrong format +; ","" +"Biphasic MERS-CoV Incidence in Nomadic Dromedaries with Putative Transmission to Humans, Kenya, 2022-2023.",Ogoti BM; Riitho V; Wildemann J; Mutono N; Tesch J; Rodon J; Harichandran K; Emanuel J; Möncke-Buchner E; Kiambi S; Oyugi J; Mureithi M; Corman VM; Drosten C; Thumbi SM; Müller MA,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in dromedaries in Africa, but camel-to-human transmission is limited. Sustained 12-month sampling of dromedaries in a Kenya abattoir hub showed biphasic MERS-CoV incidence; peak detections occurred in October 2022 and February 2023. Dromedary-exposed abattoir workers (7/48) had serologic signs of previous MERS-CoV exposure.",2024,Mar,Emerg Infect Dis,30,3,581-585,,10.3201/eid3003.231488,38407189,#14054,Ogoti 2024,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:57:37)(Select): camel only; ,"" +Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection.,Hwang SM; Na BJ; Jung Y; Lim HS; Seo JE; Park SA; Cho YS; Song EH; Seo JY; Kim SR; Lee GY; Kim SJ; Park YS; Seo H,"There is a paucity of data regarding the differentiating characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed and those negative for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in South Korea. This hospital-based retrospective study compared MERS-CoV-positive and MERS-CoV-negative patients. A total of seven positive patients and 55 negative patients with a median age of 43 years (P = 0.845) were included. No statistical differences were observed with respect to their sex and the presence of comorbidities. At the time of admission, headache (28.6% vs. 3.6%; odds ratio [OR], 10.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-92.27), myalgia (57.1% vs. 9.1%; OR, 13.33; 95% CI, 2.30-77.24), and diarrhea (57.1% vs. 14.5%; OR, 7.83; 95% CI, 1.47-41.79) were common among MERS-CoV-positive patients. MERS-CoV-positive patients were more likely to have a low platelet count (164 ± 76.57 vs. 240 ± 79.87) and eosinophil (0.27 ± 0.43 vs. 2.13 ± 2.01; P = 0.003). Chest radiography with diffuse bronchopneumonia was more frequent in MERS-CoV-positive patients than in negative patients (100% vs. 62.5%; P = 0.491). The symptoms of headache, myalgia, and diarrhea, as well as laboratory characteristics, including low platelet counts and eosinophil, and chest X-ray showing diffuse bronchopneumonia might enhance the ability to detect patients in South Korea infected with MERS-CoV.",2019,May,Jpn J Infect Dis,72,3,160-167,,10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.187,30584196,#14064,Hwang 2019,"Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:40:28)(Select): delays and risk factors, BUT7 (<10) positive patients only. So shouldn't extract delays, but do we extract (non-significant) risk factors? I think no.; ","" +Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of MERS-CoV S1-Specific Antibodies Using ELISA.,Al-Amri SS; Hashem AM,"Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) enables detection and quantification of antigen-specific antibodies in biological samples such as human or animal sera. Most current MERS-CoV serological assays such as neutralization, immunofluorescence, or protein microarray rely on handling of live MERS-CoV in high containment laboratories, highly trained personnel as well as the need for expensive and special equipment and reagents representing a hurdle for most laboratories especially when resources are limited. In this chapter, we describe a validated and optimized indirect ELISA protocol based on recombinant S1 subunit (amino acids 1-725) of MERS-CoV for qualitative and quantitative determination of MERS-CoV-binding antibodies.",2020,,Methods Mol Biol,2099,,127-133,,10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_11,31883093,#14065,Al-Amri 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 21:59:53)(Select): protocol e.g. wrong format; ,"" +Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Camels and Probable Spillover Infection to Humans in Kenya.,Ngere I; Hunsperger EA; Tong S; Oyugi J; Jaoko W; Harcourt JL; Thornburg NJ; Oyas H; Muturi M; Osoro EM; Gachohi J; Ombok C; Dawa J; Tao Y; Zhang J; Mwasi L; Ochieng C; Mwatondo A; Bodha B; Langat D; Herman-Roloff A; Njenga MK; Widdowson MA; Munyua PM,"The majority of Kenya’s > 3 million camels have antibodies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), although human infection in Africa is rare. We enrolled 243 camels aged 0−24 months from 33 homesteads in Northern Kenya and followed them between April 2018 to March 2020. We collected and tested camel nasal swabs for MERS-CoV RNA by RT-PCR followed by virus isolation and whole genome sequencing of positive samples. We also documented illnesses (respiratory or other) among the camels. Human camel handlers were also swabbed, screened for respiratory signs, and samples were tested for MERS-CoV by RT-PCR. We recorded 68 illnesses among 58 camels, of which 76.5% (52/68) were respiratory signs and the majority of illnesses (73.5% or 50/68) were recorded in 2019. Overall, 124/4692 (2.6%) camel swabs collected from 83 (34.2%) calves in 15 (45.5%) homesteads between April−September 2019 screened positive, while 22 calves (26.5%) recorded reinfections (second positive swab following ≥ 2 consecutive negative tests). Sequencing revealed a distinct Clade C2 virus that lacked the signature ORF4b deletions of other Clade C viruses. Three previously reported human PCR positive cases clustered with the camel infections in time and place, strongly suggesting sporadic transmission to humans during intense camel outbreaks in Northern Kenya.",2022,Aug,Viruses,14,8,,,10.3390/v14081743,36016365,#14081,Ngere 2022,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:56:04)(Select): only 3 positive humans, which were reported in a different paper as they explain. And < 10 anyway.; ","" +"SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.",Cevik M; Tate M; Lloyd O; Maraolo AE; Schafers J; Ho A,"BACKGROUND: Viral load kinetics and duration of viral shedding are important determinants for disease transmission. We aimed to characterise viral load dynamics, duration of viral RNA shedding, and viable virus shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in various body fluids, and to compare SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral dynamics. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, medRxiv, and bioRxiv, and the grey literature, for research articles published between Jan 1, 2003, and June 6, 2020. We included case series (with five or more participants), cohort studies, and randomised controlled trials that reported SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection, and reported viral load kinetics, duration of viral shedding, or viable virus. Two authors independently extracted data from published studies, or contacted authors to request data, and assessed study quality and risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. We calculated the mean duration of viral shedding and 95% CIs for every study included and applied the random-effects model to estimate a pooled effect size. We used a weighted meta-regression with an unrestricted maximum likelihood model to assess the effect of potential moderators on the pooled effect size. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020181914. FINDINGS: 79 studies (5340 individuals) on SARS-CoV-2, eight studies (1858 individuals) on SARS-CoV, and 11 studies (799 individuals) on MERS-CoV were included. Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was 17·0 days (95% CI 15·5-18·6; 43 studies, 3229 individuals) in upper respiratory tract, 14·6 days (9·3-20·0; seven studies, 260 individuals) in lower respiratory tract, 17·2 days (14·4-20·1; 13 studies, 586 individuals) in stool, and 16·6 days (3·6-29·7; two studies, 108 individuals) in serum samples. Maximum shedding duration was 83 days in the upper respiratory tract, 59 days in the lower respiratory tract, 126 days in stools, and 60 days in serum. Pooled mean SARS-CoV-2 shedding duration was positively associated with age (slope 0·304 [95% CI 0·115-0·493]; p=0·0016). No study detected live virus beyond day 9 of illness, despite persistently high viral loads, which were inferred from cycle threshold values. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the upper respiratory tract appeared to peak in the first week of illness, whereas that of SARS-CoV peaked at days 10-14 and that of MERS-CoV peaked at days 7-10. INTERPRETATION: Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in respiratory and stool samples can be prolonged, duration of viable virus is relatively short-lived. SARS-CoV-2 titres in the upper respiratory tract peak in the first week of illness. Early case finding and isolation, and public education on the spectrum of illness and period of infectiousness are key to the effective containment of SARS-CoV-2. FUNDING: None.",2021,Jan,Lancet Microbe,2,1,e13-e22,,10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30172-5,33521734,#14083,Cevik 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +How lessons learned from the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak affected the response to coronavirus disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea.,Yang TU; Noh JY; Song JY; Cheong HJ; Kim WJ,"The Republic of Korea (ROK) experienced a public health crisis due to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2015 and is currently going through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Lessons learned from the disastrous MERS outbreak were ref lected in the preparedness system, and the readiness capabilities that were subsequently developed enabled the country to successfully flatten the epidemic curve of COVID-19 in late February and March 2020. In this review, we summarize and compare the epidemiology and response of the ROK to the 2015 MERS outbreak and the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020. We emphasize that, because further COVID-19 waves seem inevitable, it is urgent to develop comprehensive preparedness and response plans for the worst-case scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously strengthening healthcare capacity to endure the peak demand and implementing smart strategies to sustain social distancing and public hygiene are necessary until safe and effective therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19 are available.",2021,Mar,Korean J Intern Med,36,2,271-285,,10.3904/kjim.2020.371,32872738,#14094,Yang 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome During the MERS-CoV Outbreak - Single-Center Experience.,Alasnag M; Ahmed W; Bokhari F; Al-Shaibi K,"BACKGROUND: During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak of 2014, tertiary care cardiac centers shouldered the responsibility of caring for patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). This entailed designing algorithms that ensured timely management of patients with ACS in the setting of an emerging novel viral infection that was rapidly spreading within the community with a high infectivity and case fatality rate. The objective of this study is to describe a single center experience and the adopted pathway for the management of ACS. METHODS: This is a single center retrospective observational study of all patients who were admitted between March 1, 2014 and May 31, 2014 with an ACS. Total ACS admissions, bed turnover, procedures and healthcare personnels' infection rates were obtained from the annual statistics database and employee health records. All baseline characteristics, therapy received, outcomes and MERS-CoV status were obtained from the chart review. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients with a diagnosis of ACS were admitted during that period of time. Of those, 59 had STEMI, 42 had NSTEMI and 47 had unstable angina. PCI was performed in 74, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 28 and conservative therapy was prescribed for 46 patients. The bed turnover was no higher than the previous or subsequent two months suggesting no change in practice. The infection rate of MERS-CoV was zero for healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS: In times of a national health crisis it is imperative that best practices are upheld to sustain existing resources, reduce bed occupancy and preserve medical personnel. A key component of such a strategy depends on assigning centers dedicated to isolating and treating the highly infectious disease outbreak while allowing other centers to provide expeditious cardiac care.",2021,Mar,Cardiovasc Revasc Med,24,,20-23,,10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.012,32952079,#14096,Alasnag 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Evolving sequence mutations in the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).,AlBalwi MA; Khan A; AlDrees M; Gk U; Manie B; Arabi Y; Alabdulkareem I; AlJohani S; Alghoribi M; AlAskar A; AlAjlan A; Hajeer A,"BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has continued to cause sporadic outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection over the last 8 years. METHODS: Complete genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing was performed for MERS-CoV isolates from cases that occurred in Riyadh between 2015 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular mutational analysis were carried out to investigate disease severity. RESULTS: A total of eight MERS-CoV isolates were subjected to complete genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in the assembly of 7/8 sequences within lineage 3 and one sequence within lineage 4 showing complex genomic recombination. The isolates contained a variety of unique amino acid substitutions in ORF1ab (41), the N protein (10), the S protein (9) and ORF4b (5). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that MERS-CoV is evolving. The emergence of new variants carries the potential for increased virulence and could impose a challenge to the global health system. We recommend the sequencing every new MERS-CoV isolate to observe the changes in the virus and relate them to clinical outcomes.",2020,Oct,J Infect Public Health,13,10,1544-1550,,10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.030,32654959,#14106,AlBalwi 2020,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 22:05:47)(Select): <10 patients; ,"" +"Coronavirus infections in children: from SARS and MERS to COVID-19, a narrative review of epidemiological and clinical features.",Iannarella R; Lattanzi C; Cannata G; Argentiero A; Neglia C; Fainardi V; Pisi G; Esposito S,"Emerging and re-emerging viruses represent an important challenge for global public health. In the 1960s, coronaviruses (CoVs) were recognized as disease agents in humans. In only two decades, three strains of CoVs have crossed species barriers rapidly emerging as human pathogens resulting in life-threatening disease with a pandemic potential: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of epidemiological, pathogenic and clinical features, along with diagnosis and treatment, of the ongoing epidemic of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pediatric population in comparison to the first two previous deadly coronavirus outbreaks, SARS and MERS. Literature analysis showed that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections seem to affect children less commonly and less severely as compared with adults. Since children are usually asymptomatic, they are often not tested, leading to an underestimate of the true numbers infected. Most of the documented infections belong to family clusters, so the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. Like in SARS and MERS infection, there is the possibility that children are not an important reservoir for novel CoVs and this may have important implications for school attendance. While waiting for an effective against SARS-CoV-2, further prevalence studies in paediatric age are needed, in order to clarify the role of children in different age groups in the spread of the infection.",2020,Sep,Acta Biomed,91,3,e2020032,,10.23750/abm.v91i3.10294,32921726,#14108,Iannarella 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Spatiotemporal Clustering of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Incidence in Saudi Arabia, 2012-2019.",Al-Ahmadi K; Alahmadi S; Al-Zahrani A,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a great public health concern globally. Although 83% of the globally confirmed cases have emerged in Saudi Arabia, the spatiotemporal clustering of MERS-CoV incidence has not been investigated. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns and clusters of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported in Saudi Arabia between June 2012 and March 2019. Temporal, seasonal, spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses were performed using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics to determine the time period and geographical areas with the highest MERS-CoV infection risk. A strongly significant temporal cluster for MERS-CoV infection risk was identified between April 5 and May 24, 2014. Most MERS-CoV infections occurred during the spring season (41.88%), with April and May showing significant seasonal clusters. Wadi Addawasir showed a high-risk spatial cluster for MERS-CoV infection. The most likely high-risk MERS-CoV annual spatiotemporal clusters were identified for a group of cities (n = 10) in Riyadh province between 2014 and 2016. A monthly spatiotemporal cluster included Jeddah, Makkah and Taif cities, with the most likely high-risk MERS-CoV infection cluster occurring between April and May 2014. Significant spatiotemporal clusters of MERS-CoV incidence were identified in Saudi Arabia. The findings are relevant to control the spread of the disease. This study provides preliminary risk assessments for the further investigation of the environmental risk factors associated with MERS-CoV clusters.",2019,Jul,Int J Environ Res Public Health,16,14,,,10.3390/ijerph16142520,31311073,#14113,Al-Ahmadi 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 21:59:04)(Select): RRs in Table 1; ,"" +Clinical characteristics of two human-to-human transmitted coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 vs. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,Xu P; Sun GD; Li ZZ,"OBJECTIVE: Subsequent to a global outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, a novel human coronavirus, known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a major disease outbreak. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to compare epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database to identify potential studies that have reported COVID-19 or MERS-COV disease. Epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory outcomes, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, discharge rates, and fatality rates were evaluated using Graph-Pad Prism software. RESULTS: A total of forty-two studies were included in our research, involving in 4,720 patients (COVID-19 = 2,012, MERS-COV = 2,708). The present study revealed that main clinical manifestations of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations are fever, cough and generalized weakness or myalgia, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the main complication. The COVID-19 population has a lower rate of ICU admissions, discharges, fatalities, and shorter incubation periods than those of MERS-COV population. CONCLUSIONS: The main clinical features of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations are fever, cough and generalized weakness or myalgia. ARDS is the main complication of both populations. COVID-19 cases have a shorter incubation period and lower rate of ICU admissions, discharges and fatalities compared to MRES-COV population.",2020,May,Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,24,10,5797-5809,,10.26355/eurrev_202005_21374,32495918,#14119,Xu 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.,Harvey R; Mattiuzzo G; Hassall M; Sieberg A; Müller MA; Drosten C; Rigsby P; Oxenford CJ,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was detected in humans in 2012. Since then, sporadic outbreaks with primary transmission through dromedary camels to humans and outbreaks in healthcare settings have shown that MERS-CoV continues to pose a threat to human health. Several serologic assays for MERS-CoV have been developed globally. We describe a collaborative study to investigate the comparability of serologic assays for MERS-CoV and assess any benefit associated with the introduction of a standard reference reagent for MERS-CoV serology. Our study findings indicate that, when possible, laboratories should use a testing algorithm including >2 tests to ensure correct diagnosis of MERS-CoV. We also demonstrate that the use of a reference reagent greatly improves the agreement between assays, enabling more consistent and therefore more meaningful comparisons between results.",2019,Oct,Emerg Infect Dis,25,10,1878-1883,,10.3201/eid2510.190497,31423969,#14121,Harvey 2019,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:25:32)(Select): assay testing; ","" +"Comparative analysis of the genome structure and organization of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2012 to 2019 revealing evidence for virus strain barcoding, zoonotic transmission, and selection pressure.",Ba Abduallah MM; Hemida MG,"The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in late 2012 in Saudi Arabia. For this study, we conducted a large-scale comparative genome study of MERS-CoV from both human and dromedary camels from 2012 to 2019 to map any genetic changes that emerged in the past 8 years. We downloaded 1309 submissions, including 308 full-length genome sequences of MERS-CoV available in GenBank from 2012 to 2019. We used bioinformatics tools to describe the genome structure and organization of the virus and to map the most important motifs within various regions/genes throughout the genome over the past 8 years. We also monitored variations/mutations among these sequences since its emergence. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the cluster within African camels is derived by S gene. We identified some prominent motifs within the ORF1ab, S gene and ORF-5, which may be used for barcoding the African camel lineages of MERS-CoV. Furthermore, we mapped some sequence patterns that support the zoonotic origin of the virus from dromedary camels. Other sequences identified selection pressures, particularly within the N gene and the 5' UTR. Further studies are required for careful monitoring of the MERS-CoV genome to identify any potential significant mutations in the future.",2021,Jan,Rev Med Virol,31,1,1-12,,10.1002/rmv.2150,32803835,#14133,BaAbduallah 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-25 23:09:27)(Select): genomics review. Nothing we'd want in here anyway.; ,review +Quantification of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus RNA in Tissues by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR.,Algaissi A; Agrawal AS; Hashem AM; Tseng CK,"Since the emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, more than 2280 confirmed human infections and 800 associated deaths had been reported to the World Health Organization. MERS-CoV is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. MERS-CoV infection leads to a variety of clinical outcomes in humans ranging from asymptomatic and mild infection to severe acute lung injury and multi-organ failure and death. To study the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV infection and development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) for MERS, a number of genetically modified mouse models have been developed, including various versions of transgenic mice expressing the human DPP4 viral receptor. Tracking and quantifying viral infection, among others, in permissive hosts is a key endpoint for studying MERS pathogenesis and evaluating the efficacy of selected MCMs developed for MERS. In addition to quantifying infectious progeny virus which requires high-containment biosafety level (BSL)-3 laboratory, here we outlined an established real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR)-based procedure to unequivocally quantify MERS-CoV-specific RNAs within the lungs of infected human DPP4 (hDPP4, transgenic (hDPP4 Tg) mice under a standard BSL-2 laboratory.",2020,,Methods Mol Biol,2099,,99-106,,10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_8,31883090,#14144,Algaissi 2020,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 22:08:03)(Select): also a ""protocol"" so wrong format?; ","" +A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea.,Willman M; Kobasa D; Kindrachuk J,"In 2012, an emerging viral infection was identified in Saudi Arabia that subsequently spread to 27 additional countries globally, though cases may have occurred elsewhere. The virus was ultimately named Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and has been endemic in Saudi Arabia since 2012. As of September 2019, 2468 laboratory-confirmed cases with 851 associated deaths have occurred with a case fatality rate of 34.4%, according to the World Health Organization. An imported case of MERS occurred in South Korea in 2015, stimulating a multi-month outbreak. Several distinguishing factors emerge upon epidemiological and sociological analysis of the two outbreaks including public awareness of the MERS outbreak, and transmission and synchronization of governing healthcare bodies. South Korea implemented a stringent healthcare model that protected patients and healthcare workers alike through prevention and high levels of public information. In addition, many details about MERS-CoV virology, transmission, pathological progression, and even the reservoir, remain unknown. This paper aims to delineate the key differences between the two regional outbreaks from both a healthcare and personal perspective including differing hospital practices, information and public knowledge, cultural practices, and reservoirs, among others. Further details about differing emergency outbreak responses, public information, and guidelines put in place to protect hospitals and citizens could improve the outcome of future MERS outbreaks.",2019,Dec,Viruses,11,12,,,10.3390/v11121119,31817037,#14147,Willman 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Genetic drift of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia during 2012-2019.,Pan YQ; Guo F; Bahoussi AN; Shi RZ; Li YQ; Xing L,"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by MERS-CoV that infects both human and camel. Camel is supposed to be the natural reservoir for human infection while the sources for most of the primary human infection cases are still not known. We identified two conserved pyrimidine nucleotides that flank UAAU element in MERS-CoV 5'-UTR. These conserved pyrimidine nucleotides distinguish MERS-CoVs into 3 types, that is, UUAAUU, CUAAUU and CUAAUC (referred to as U----U, C----U, and C----C types, respectively). Human MERS-CoV displays a genetic drift from U----U, C----U, to C----C from 2012 to 2019. Camel virus displays a genetic drift from U----U to C----U with a time lag when compared with human virus. The discrepancy in genetic drift seems not to support the notion that camel serves as the only natural reservoir for human infection.",2021,Aug,Zoonoses Public Health,68,5,527-532,,10.1111/zph.12843,33966359,#14156,Pan 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Global research trends in MERS-CoV: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2021.,Ahmad T,"BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. So far, the cases of MERS-CoV have been reported in 27 countries. The virus causes severe health complications, resulting high mortality. AIM: The current study aimed to evaluate the global research trends and key bibliometric indices in MERS-CoV research from 2012 to 2021. METHODS: A retrospective bibliometric and visualized study was conducted. The Science Citation Index Expanded Edition of Web of Science Core Collection database was utilized to retrieve published scientific literature on MERS-CoV. The retrieved publications were assessed for a number of bibliometric attributes. The data were imported into HistCite(TM) and VOSviewer software to calculate the citations count and perform the visualization mapping, respectively. In addition, countries or regions collaboration, keywords analysis, and trend topics in MERS-CoV were assessed using the Bibliometrix: An R-tool. RESULTS: A total of 1,587 publications, published in 499 journals, authored by 6,506 authors from 88 countries or regions were included in the final analysis. Majority of these publications were published as research article (n = 1,143). Globally, these publications received 70,143 citations. The most frequent year of publication was 2016 (n = 253), while the most cited year was 2014 (11,517 citations). The most prolific author was Memish ZA (n = 94), while the most published journal was Emerging Infectious Diseases (n = 80). The United States of America (USA) (n = 520) and Saudi Arabia (n = 432) were the most influential and largest contributors to the MERS-CoV publications. The extensively studied research area was infectious diseases. The most frequently used author keywords other than search keywords were Saudi Arabia, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, epidemiology, transmission, spike protein, vaccine, outbreak, camel, and pneumonia. CONCLUSION: This study provides an insight into MERS-CoV-related research for scientific community (researchers, academicians) to understand and expand the basic knowledge structure, potential collaborations, and research trend topics. This study can also be useful for policy makers. After the emergence of MERS-CoV, a significant increase in scientific production was observed in the next 4 years (2013-2016). In 2021, the trend topics in MERS-CoV-related research were COVID-19, clinical characteristics, and cytokine storm. Saudi Arabia had the strongest collaboration with the USA, while the USA had the highest collaboration with China.",2022,,Front Public Health,10,,933333,,10.3389/fpubh.2022.933333,35991022,#14203,Ahmad 2022,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Phylogenetic Analysis of MERS-CoV in a Camel Abattoir, Saudi Arabia, 2016-2018.",Hemida MG; Chu DKW; Chor YY; Cheng SMS; Poon LLM; Alnaeem A; Peiris M,"We detected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) RNA in 305/1,131 (27%) camels tested at an abattoir in Al Hasa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, during January 2016-March 2018. We characterized 48 full-length MERS-CoV genomes and noted the viruses clustered in MERS-CoV lineage 5 clade B.",2020,Dec,Emerg Infect Dis,26,12,3089-3091,,10.3201/eid2612.191094,33219804,#14225,Hemida 2020,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:29:39)(Select): research letter; Christian Morgenstern (2025-05-16 20:22:49)(Screen): mutation rates???; ,"" +"Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Death among 32 Patients with MERS-CoV Infection, Saudi Arabia.",Alanazi KH; Abedi GR; Midgley CM; Alkhamis A; Alsaqer T; Almoaddi A; Algwizani A; Ghazal SS; Assiri AM; Jokhdar H; Gerber SI; Alabdely H; Watson JT,"Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are recognized risk factors for severe clinical outcomes, including death, associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Among 32 virus-infected patients in Saudi Arabia, severity of illness and frequency of death corresponded closely with presence of multiple and more severe underlying conditions.",2020,Jan,Emerg Infect Dis,26,1,166-168,,10.3201/eid2601.190952,31855530,#14233,Alanazi 2020,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 22:00:36)(Select): wrong format? research letter; ","" +Exploring the potential roles of some rodents in the transmission of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.,Hemida MG; Alhammadi M; Almathen F; Alnaeem A,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the recently identified zoonotic coronaviruses. The one-hump camels are believed to play important roles in the evolution and transmission of the virus. The animal-to-animal, as well as the animal-to-human transmission in the context of MERS-CoV infection, were reported. The camels shed the virus in some of their secretions, especially the nasal tract. However, there are many aspects of the transmission cycle of the virus from animals to humans that are still not fully understood. Rodents played important roles in the transmission of many pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. They have been implicated in the evolution of many human coronaviruses, especially HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. However, the role of rodents in the transmission of MERS-CoV still requires more exploration. To achieve this goal, we identified MERS-CoV that naturally infected dromedary camel by molecular surveillance. We captured 15 of the common rodents (rats, mice, and jerboa) sharing the habitat with these animals. We collected both oral and rectal swabs from these animals and then tested them by the commercial MERS-CoV real-time-PCR kits using two targets. Despite the detection of the viral shedding in the nasal swabs of some of the dromedary camels, none of the rodents tested positive for the virus during the tenure of this study. We concluded that these species of rodents did not harbor the virus and are most unlikely to contribute to the transmission of the MERS-CoV. However, further large-scale studies are required to confirm the potential roles of rodents in the context of the MERS-CoV transmission cycle, if any.",2021,Sep,J Med Virol,93,9,5328-5332,,10.1002/jmv.27023,33851740,#14238,Hemida 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Viral shadows in the Middle East: Revisiting MERS-CoV Post SARS-CoV2.,Shenagari M; Mohammadi-Pilehdarboni H,,2024,Mar,J Infect Public Health,17,3,476-477,,10.1016/j.jiph.2024.01.006,38271750,#14260,Shenagari 2024,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,letter to the editor +Spatial association between primary Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and exposure to dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia.,Al-Ahmadi K; Alahmadi M; Al-Zahrani A,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic disease. Exposure to dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) has been consistently considered the main source of primary human infection. Although Saudi Arabia reports the highest rate of human MERS-CoV infection and has one of the largest populations of dromedary camels worldwide, their spatial association has not yet been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the correlation between the spatial distribution of primary MERS-CoV cases with or without a history of camel exposure reported between 2012 and 2019 and dromedary camels at the provincial level in Saudi Arabia. In most provinces, a high proportion of older men develop infections after exposure to camels. Primary human infections during spring and winter were highest in provinces characterized by seasonal breeding and calving, increased camel mobilization and camel-human interactions. A strong and significant association was found between the total number of dromedary camels and the numbers of primary camel-exposed and non-exposed MERS-CoV cases. Furthermore, spatial correlations between MERS-CoV cases and camel sex, age and dairy status were significant. Via a cluster analysis, we identified Riyadh, Makkah and Eastern provinces as having the most primary MERS-CoV cases and the highest number of camels. Transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans occurs in most primary cases, but there is still a high proportion of primary infections with an ambiguous link to camels. The results from this study include significant correlations between primary MERS-CoV cases and camel populations in all provinces, regardless of camel exposure history. This supports the hypothesis of the role of an asymptomatic human carrier or, less likely, an unknown animal host that has direct contact with both infected camels and humans. In this study, we performed a preliminary risk assessment of prioritization measures to control the transmission of infection from camels to humans.",2020,Jun,Zoonoses Public Health,67,4,382-390,,10.1111/zph.12697,32112508,#14269,Al-Ahmadi 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-19 20:04:22)(Screen): I think ultimately this will be excluded as correlation not ORs etc but let's do full text; ,"" +"Sequential Emergence and Wide Spread of Neutralization Escape Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Mutants, South Korea, 2015.",Kim YS; Aigerim A; Park U; Kim Y; Rhee JY; Choi JP; Park WB; Park SW; Lim DG; Inn KS; Hwang ES; Choi MS; Shin HS; Cho NH,"The unexpectedly large outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea in 2015 was initiated by an infected traveler and amplified by several ""superspreading"" events. Previously, we reported the emergence and spread of mutant Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus bearing spike mutations (I529T or D510G) with reduced affinity to human receptor CD26 during the outbreak. To assess the potential association of spike mutations with superspreading events, we collected virus genetic information reported during the outbreak and systemically analyzed the relationship of spike sequences and epidemiology. We found sequential emergence of the spike mutations in 2 superspreaders. In vivo virulence of the mutant viruses seems to decline in human patients, as assessed by fever duration in affected persons. In addition, neutralizing activity against these 2 mutant viruses in serum samples from mice immunized with wild-type spike antigen were gradually reduced, suggesting emergence and wide spread of neutralization escapers during the outbreak.",2019,Jun,Emerg Infect Dis,25,6,1161-1168,,10.3201/eid2506.181722,30900977,#14281,Kim 2019,"Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:17:51)(Select): Only thing we might want is fever duration, which I'm not sure is specific enough to keep.; Thomas Rawson (2025-05-22 02:42:08)(Screen): fever duration? genomics? +; ","" +Sustained Responses of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Recovered Patients and Their Therapeutic Applicability.,Kim YS; Aigerim A; Park U; Kim Y; Park H; Rhee JY; Choi JP; Park WB; Park SW; Lim DG; Choi JY; Jeon YK; Yang JS; Lee JY; Shin HS; Cho NH,"BACKGROUND: Zoonotic coronaviruses have emerged as a global threat by causing fatal respiratory infections. Given the lack of specific antiviral therapies, application of human convalescent plasma retaining neutralizing activity could be a viable therapeutic option that can bridges this gap. METHODS: We traced antibody responses and memory B cells in peripheral blood collected from 70 recovered Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients for 3 years after the 2015 outbreak in South Korea. We also used a mouse infection model to examine whether the neutralizing activity of collected sera could provide therapeutic benefit in vivo upon lethal MERS-CoV challenge. RESULTS: Anti-spike-specific IgG responses, including neutralizing activity and antibody-secreting memory B cells, persisted for up to 3 years, especially in MERS patients who suffered from severe pneumonia. Mean antibody titers gradually decreased annually by less than 2-fold. Levels of antibody responses were significantly correlated with fever duration, viral shedding periods, and maximum viral loads observed during infection periods. In a transgenic mice model challenged with lethal doses of MERS-CoV, a significant reduction in viral loads and enhanced survival was observed when therapeutically treated with human plasma retaining a high neutralizing titer (> 1/5000). However, this failed to reduce pulmonary pathogenesis, as revealed by pathological changes in lungs and initial weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: High titers of neutralizing activity are required for suppressive effect on the viral replication but may not be sufficient to reduce inflammatory lesions upon fatal infection. Therefore, immune sera with high neutralizing activity must be carefully selected for plasma therapy of zoonotic coronavirus infection.",2021,Aug,Clin Infect Dis,73,3,e550-e558,,10.1093/cid/ciaa1345,32898238,#14291,Kim 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:06:33)(Select): only follow-up sero in recovereds.; ,"" +Sensitive and Specific Detection of Low-Level Antibody Responses in Mild Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections.,Okba NMA; Raj VS; Widjaja I; GeurtsvanKessel CH; de Bruin E; Chandler FD; Park WB; Kim NJ; Farag EABA; Al-Hajri M; Bosch BJ; Oh MD; Koopmans MPG; Reusken CBEM; Haagmans BL,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in humans can cause asymptomatic to fatal lower respiratory lung disease. Despite posing a probable risk for virus transmission, asymptomatic to mild infections can go unnoticed; a lack of seroconversion among some PCR-confirmed cases has been reported. We found that a MERS-CoV spike S1 protein-based ELISA, routinely used in surveillance studies, showed low sensitivity in detecting infections among PCR-confirmed patients with mild clinical symptoms and cross-reactivity of human coronavirus OC43-positive serum samples. Using in-house S1 ELISA and protein microarray, we demonstrate that most PCR-confirmed MERS-CoV case-patients with mild infections seroconverted; nonetheless, some of these samples did not have detectable levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The use of a sensitive and specific serologic S1-based assay can be instrumental in the accurate estimation of MERS-CoV prevalence.",2019,Oct,Emerg Infect Dis,25,10,1868-1877,,10.3201/eid2510.190051,31423970,#14311,OkbaNMA 2019,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:59:15)(Select): just assay testing; ","" +Lack of seasonal variation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).,Al-Tawfiq JA; Memish ZA,,2019,Jan-Feb,Travel Med Infect Dis,27,,125-126,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.09.002,30218713,#14314,Al-Tawfiq 2019,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-25 21:34:01)(Select): not the right format I think; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-25 21:05:25)(Select): not clear if this is a ""research article"" or not. Not really anything to extract anyway, other than a dodgy time series p value.; ","" +Multiyear prospective cohort study to evaluate the risk potential of MERS-CoV infection among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims (MERCURIAL): a study protocol.,Johari J; Hontz RD; Pike BL; Husain T; Chong CK; Rusli N; Sulaiman LH; Verasahib K; Mohd Zain R; Azman AS; Khor CS; Nor'e SS; Tiong V; Lee HY; Teoh BT; Sam SS; Khoo JJ; Abd Jamil J; Loong SK; Yaacob CN; Mahfodz NH; Azizan NS; Che Mat Seri NAA; Mohd-Rahim NF; Hassan H; Yahaya H; Garcia-Rivera JA; AbuBakar S,"INTRODUCTION: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS-CoV. MERS was first reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Every year, the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca attracts more than two million pilgrims from 184 countries, making it one of the largest annual religious mass gatherings (MGs) worldwide. MGs in confined areas with a high number of pilgrims' movements worldwide continues to elicit significant global public health concerns. MERCURIAL was designed by adopting a seroconversion surveillance approach to provide multiyear evidence of MG-associated MERS-CoV seroconversion among the Malaysian Hajj pilgrims. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: MERCURIAL is an ongoing multiyear prospective cohort study. Every year, for the next 5 years, a cohort of 1000 Hajj pilgrims was enrolled beginning in the 2016 Hajj pilgrimage season. Pre-Hajj and post-Hajj serum samples were obtained and serologically analysed for evidence of MERS-CoV seroconversion. Sociodemographic data, underlying medical conditions, symptoms experienced during Hajj pilgrimage, and exposure to camel and untreated camel products were recorded using structured pre-Hajj and post-Hajj questionnaires. The possible risk factors associated with the seroconversion data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The primary outcome of this study is to better enhance our understanding of the potential threat of MERS-CoV spreading through MG beyond the Middle East. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has obtained ethical approval from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia. Results from the study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented in conferences and scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NMRR-15-1640-25391.",2021,Aug,BMJ Open,11,8,e050901,,10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050901,34446498,#14319,Johari 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 01:45:26)(Select): protocol only; ,"" +Outcome of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in hematology and oncology patients: A case series in Saudi Arabia.,Alaskar A; Shaheen NA; Bosaeed M; Rehan H; Rather M; Salama H; Abuelgasim KA; Gmati G; Damlaj M; Alahmari B; Alzahrani M; Othman A; Mendoza MA; Alhejazi A,"BACKGROUND: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with a high fatality rate (34%), which is higher in the presence of co-morbidities. The aim of the current study was to assess the clinical course and the outcome in hematological or oncological malignancy cases, diagnosed with MERS-CoV. METHODS: This is a case series of hematological /oncological cases, diagnosed with MERS-CoV, in a tertiary care setting in 2015. The cases were identified based on the World Health Organization (WHO) MERS-CoV case definition. The demographic, clinical, and outcome data were retrieved from the patients' medical charts and electronic health records. RESULTS: In total, nine hematological or oncological cases were identified, diagnosed with MERS-CoV. The baseline malignant condition was hematological malignancy in seven patients, as well as colon cancer and osteosarcoma in one patient each. Six (67%) patients were male. The median age was 65 years (range 16-80 years). Co-morbidities included chronic kidney disease (n = 3.33%), diabetes mellitus (n = 3.33%), and hypertension (n = 2.22%). The presenting symptoms were shortness of breath (n = 6.66%), fever (n = 5.55%), cough (n = 2.22%), and diarrhea (n = 2.22%). Chest x-rays indicated bilateral infiltrates in 6 patients (66%). The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test was repeated in six patients to confirm the diagnosis. The mortality rate was 100%, and the median time to death was 26 days (range 15-77 days). CONCLUSION: MERS-CoV infection in this small cohort of hematology or oncology patients has a 100% mortality rate, regardless of the status of the underlying disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis may require repeated testing. Additional studies are required to verify the findings and to elucidate the disease pathogenesis in cancer patients.",2021,Mar,J Infect Public Health,14,3,353-357,,10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.015,33647552,#14320,Alaskar 2021,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-15 05:50:00)(Screen): <10 cases; ,"" +Multiplex detection and dynamics of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2 and the highly pathogenic human coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.,Ayouba A; Thaurignac G; Morquin D; Tuaillon E; Raulino R; Nkuba A; Lacroix A; Vidal N; Foulongne V; Le Moing V; Reynes J; Delaporte E; Peeters M,"BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the COVID-19 epidemic extent and the level of herd immunity is urgently needed to help manage this pandemic. METHODS: We used a panel of 167 samples (77 pre-epidemic and 90 COVID-19 seroconverters) and SARS-CoV1, SARS-CoV2 and MERS-CoV Spike and/or Nucleopcapsid (NC) proteins to develop a high throughput multiplex screening assay to detect IgG antibodies in human plasma. Assay performances were determined by ROC curves analysis. A subset of the COVID-19+ samples (n = 36) were also tested by a commercial NC-based ELISA test and the results compared with those of the novel assay. RESULTS: On samples collected ≥14 days after symptoms onset, the accuracy of the assay is 100 % (95 % CI: 100-100) for the Spike antigen and 99.9 % (95 % CI:99.7-100) for NC. By logistic regression, we estimated that 50 % of the patients have seroconverted at 5.7 ± 1.6; 5.7 ± 1.8 and 7.9 ± 1.0 days after symptoms onset against Spike, NC or both antigens, respectively and all have seroconverted two weeks after symptoms onset. IgG titration in a subset of samples showed that early phase samples present lower IgG titers than those from later phase. IgG to SARS-CoV2 NC cross-reacted at 100 % with SARS-CoV1 NC. Twenty-nine of the 36 (80.5 %) samples tested were positive by the commercial ELISA while 31/36 (86.1 %) were positive by the novel assay. CONCLUSIONS: Our assay is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2 proteins, suitable for high throughput epidemiological surveys. The novel assay is more sensitive than a commercial ELISA.",2020,Aug,J Clin Virol,129,,104521,,10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104521,32623350,#14321,Ayouba 2020,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-25 23:00:26)(Select): assay development +; ","" +Low-Level Zoonotic Transmission of Clade C MERS-CoV in Africa: Insights from Scoping Review and Cohort Studies in Hospital and Community Settings.,Karani A; Ombok C; Situma S; Breiman R; Mureithi M; Jaoko W; Njenga MK; Ngere I,"Human outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are more common in Middle Eastern and Asian human populations, associated with clades A and B. In Africa, where clade C is dominant in camels, human cases are minimal. We reviewed 16 studies (n = 6198) published across seven African countries between 2012 and 2024 to assess human MERS-CoV cases. We also analyzed data from four cohort studies conducted in camel-keeping communities between 2018 and 2024 involving camel keepers, camel slaughterhouse workers, and hospital patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). The analysis showed a pooled MERS-CoV prevalence of 2.4% (IQR: 0.6, 11.4) from 16 publications and 1.14% from 4 cohort studies (n = 2353). Symptomatic cases were rarely reported, with most individuals reporting camel contact, and only 12% had travel history to the Middle East. There was one travel-associated reported death, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.013%. The findings suggest a low camel-to-human transmission of clade C MERS-CoV in Africa. Ongoing research focuses on genomic comparisons between clade C and the more virulent clades A and B, alongside the surveillance of viral evolution. This study highlights the need for continuous monitoring but indicates that MERS-CoV clade C currently poses a minimal public health threat in Africa.",2025,Jan,Viruses,17,1,,,10.3390/v17010125,39861917,#14336,Karani 2025,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Viral loads of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens: What have we learned?",Al-Tawfiq JA,,2020,Mar-Apr,Travel Med Infect Dis,34,,101629,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101629,32179122,#14359,Al-Tawfiq 2020,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Infection Prevention Measures for Surgical Procedures during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Korea.,Park J; Yoo SY; Ko JH; Lee SM; Chung YJ; Lee JH; Peck KR; Min JJ,"In 2015, we experienced the largest in-hospital Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak outside the Arabian Peninsula. We share the infection prevention measures for surgical procedures during the unexpected outbreak at our hospital. We reviewed all forms of related documents and collected information through interviews with healthcare workers of our hospital. After the onset of outbreak, a multidisciplinary team devised institutional MERS-control guidelines. Two standard operating rooms were converted to temporary negative-pressure rooms by physically decreasing the inflow air volume (-4.7 Pa in the main room and -1.2 Pa in the anteroom). Healthcare workers were equipped with standard or enhanced personal protective equipment according to the MERS-related patient's profile and symptoms. Six MERS-related patients underwent emergency surgery, including four MERS-exposed and two MERS-confirmed patients. Negative conversion of MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction tests was noticed for MERS-confirmed patients before surgery. MERS-exposed patients were also tested twice preoperatively, all of which were negative. All operative procedures in MERS-related patients were performed without specific adverse events or perioperative MERS transmission. Our experience with setting up a temporary negative-pressure operation room and our conservative approach for managing MERS-related patients can be referred in cases of future unexpected MERS outbreaks in non-endemic countries.",2020,Jan,Sci Rep,10,1,325,,10.1038/s41598-019-57216-x,31941957,#14369,Park 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Investigation of influenza A of pandemic potential and MERS-Coronavirus in humans in Cameroon.,Monamele CG; Njankouo RM; Yogne CN; Essengue LLM; Bilounga CN; Tsafack DT; Njifon HLM; Tamoufe U; Perraut R; Njouom R,"OBJECTIVE: According to the World Health Organization, surveillance for respiratory viruses with pandemic potential should be included in routine surveillance to be on alert for zoonotic transmission. This study reports on data from the surveillance of influenza A/H5, influenza A/H7 and MERS-Coronavirus in Cameroon. RESULTS: A total of 855 participants were enrolled. Of these, 11.7% were positive for influenza A and none were positive for influenza A/H5, A/H7 and MERS-Coronavirus. Most participants (77.1%) were enrolled within 5 days of illness onset and the younger population under 2 years of age (31.4%) was the most represented. In terms of clinical manifestations, the majority had flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, rhinorrhoea, asthenia, shortness of breath, noisy breathing and headache. These results are important to fill the knowledge gap on the epidemiology of influenza A/H5, A/H7 and MERS-Coronavirus in humans, for which information is lacking in several countries.",2025,Mar,BMC Res Notes,18,1,133,,10.1186/s13104-025-07179-2,40165265,#14406,Monamele 2025,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:46:48)(Select): PCR tests for MERS. None found.; ,"" +Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) coinfection: A unique case series.,Elhazmi A; Al-Tawfiq JA; Sallam H; Al-Omari A; Alhumaid S; Mady A; Al Mutair A,"INTRODUCTION: The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coroanvirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had raised possibilities of coinfection with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in countries were these two viruses were reported. In this study, we describe the clinical presentation and demographics of eight patients who were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a case series of hospitalized patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). We collected demographics, underlying conditions, presenting symptoms and clinical outcome from the patients' medical records. RESULTS: During the study period from March 14, 2020 to October 19, 2020, there was a total of 67 SARS-CoV-2 ICU admitted patients who underwent simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV testing by PCR. Of those patients, 8 (12%) tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. There were 6 (75%) males, the mean age ± SD was 44.4 ± 11.8 years, and 7 (87.5%) were obese. Of the patients, 7 (87.5%) were non-smokers, 1 (12.5%) had diabetes mellitus, 1 (12.5%) had heart failure, and 1 (12.5%) had been on anti-platelet therapy. The mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 21.1 ± 11.6 days and the average ICU LOS was 10.9 ± 6.03 days. All patients received supportive therapy and all were treated with corticosteroid. Of all the patients, 4 (50%) were discharged home and 3 (37.5%) died. CONCLUSION: This case series is an important addition to the medical knowledge as it showed the interaction of the coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.",2021,May-Jun,Travel Med Infect Dis,41,,102026,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102026,33727175,#14422,Elhazmi 2021,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 00:57:13)(Select): < 10 cases; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-19 20:11:54)(Screen): Could be hospital LoS - need to read full text; ,"" +"Long-term complications after infection with SARS-CoV-1, influenza and MERS-CoV - Lessons to learn in long COVID?",Løkke FB; Hansen KS; Dalgaard LS; Öbrink-Hansen K; Schiøttz-Christensen B; Leth S,"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide, and while the mortality rate remains the primary concern, it is becoming increasingly apparent that many COVID-19 survivors experience long-term sequelae, representing a major concern for both themselves and healthcare providers. Comparing long-term sequelae following COVID-19 to those of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-1 is an essential step toward understanding the extent and impact of these sequelae. A literature search was carried out using the PubMed. database. Search-terms included ""persistent"", ""long-term"", ""chronic"", and MeSH-terms for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and Influenza. Only English-language articles were selected. Articles were screened by title/abstract and full-text readings. Key points for comparison were persistent symptoms > 4 weeks, virus type, study design, population size, admission status, methods, and findings. Thirty-one articles were included: 19 on SARS-CoV-1, 10 on influenza, and 2 on MERS-CoV-survivors. Damage to the respiratory system was the main long-term manifestation after the acute phase of infection. Quality of life-related and psychological sequelae were the second and third most widely reported symptoms, respectively. Consistent with long-term sequelae from COVID-19, persisting cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal impairments were also reported. In summary, the long-term sequelae following COVID-19 are a significant concern, and while long-term sequelae following influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-1 have also been reported, their prevalence and severity are less clear. It is essential to continue to study and monitor the long-term effects of all respiratory viruses so as to improve our understanding and develop strategies for prevention and treatment.",2023,Oct,Infect Dis Now,53,8,104779,,10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104779,37678512,#14512,Løkke 2023,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,review +MERS-CoV in Africa-an enigma with relevance to COVID-19.,Perlman S; Zumla A,,2021,Mar,Lancet Infect Dis,21,3,303-305,,10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30578-8,33035475,#14545,Perlman 2021,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-27 00:08:15)(Select): ""Comment""; ","" +"Holistic Analysis of Coronavirus Literature: A Scientometric Study of the Global Publications Relevant to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), MERS-CoV (MERS) and SARS-CoV (SARS).",Şenel E; Topal FE,"OBJECTIVES: In late December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia caused by an unknown pathogen was reported from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen has been identified as a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to perform the first holistic scientometric evaluation of coronavirus publications. METHODS: Our main source for this study was Web of Science Collection database. All items published between 1980 and 2019 were included. A distribution map of global production in coronavirus literature and scientometric networks were generated. RESULTS: The United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Netherlands were the most productive countries. Publications in coronavirus literature have been produced from almost every country in the world, except for some countries in Asia and Africa. CONCLUSION: While in the 1980s, the United States and developed countries from Europe were major source countries and the virus was identified only as an animal disease in the literature and its biological and genetic structure was investigated, in the 2000s, China became a major contributor of coronavirus literature because the SARS outbreak originated from southern China. Almost all most-cited publications in this period are related to SARS and the ACE2 protein.",2021,Dec,Disaster Med Public Health Prep,15,6,e12-e19,,10.1017/dmp.2020.300,32787980,#14569,Şenel 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +The effectiveness of intervention measures on MERS-CoV transmission by using the contact networks reconstructed from link prediction data.,Kim E; Kim Y; Jin H; Lee Y; Lee H; Lee S,"INTRODUCTION: Mitigating the spread of infectious diseases is of paramount concern for societal safety, necessitating the development of effective intervention measures. Epidemic simulation is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of such measures, but realistic simulation environments are crucial for meaningful insights. Despite the common use of contact-tracing data to construct realistic networks, they have inherent limitations. This study explores reconstructing simulation networks using link prediction methods as an alternative approach. METHODS: The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of intervention measures on the reconstructed network, focusing on the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea. Contact-tracing data were acquired, and simulation networks were reconstructed using the graph autoencoder (GAE)-based link prediction method. A scale-free (SF) network was employed for comparison purposes. Epidemic simulations were conducted to evaluate three intervention strategies: Mass Quarantine (MQ), Isolation, and Isolation combined with Acquaintance Quarantine (AQ + Isolation). RESULTS: Simulation results showed that AQ + Isolation was the most effective intervention on the GAE network, resulting in consistent epidemic curves due to high clustering coefficients. Conversely, MQ and AQ + Isolation were highly effective on the SF network, attributed to its low clustering coefficient and intervention sensitivity. Isolation alone exhibited reduced effectiveness. These findings emphasize the significant impact of network structure on intervention outcomes and suggest a potential overestimation of effectiveness in SF networks. Additionally, they highlight the complementary use of link prediction methods. DISCUSSION: This innovative methodology provides inspiration for enhancing simulation environments in future endeavors. It also offers valuable insights for informing public health decision-making processes, emphasizing the importance of realistic simulation environments and the potential of link prediction methods.",2024,,Front Public Health,12,,1386495,,10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386495,38827618,#14591,Kim 2024,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Ruth McCabe (2025-08-28 20:33:19)(Select): this uses a model which is in another paper that has been extracted. The network structure is different but the actual model then used for simulations is directly from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33805362/; ,"" +Standard Expected Years of Life Lost as a Neglected Index for Calculating the Burden of Premature Mortality due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.,Mobaraki K; Salamatbakhsh M; Ahmadzadeh J,"This study presents standard expected years of life lost due to premature mortality for calculating the burden of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases that have occurred from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019, worldwide. The study used a publicly available MERS-CoV database on the WHO website regarding case reports retrieved from disease outbreak news.",2019,Sep/Oct,Health Secur,17,5,407-409,,10.1089/hs.2019.0074,31593510,#14628,Mobaraki 2019,"Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 23:40:36)(Select): ""article commentary""; ","" +Effect of identified non-synonymous mutations in DPP4 receptor binding residues among highly exposed human population in Morocco to MERS-CoV through computational approach.,Abbad A; Anga L; Faouzi A; Iounes N; Nourlil J,"Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been identified as the main receptor of MERS-CoV facilitating its cellular entry and enhancing its viral replication upon the emergence of this novel coronavirus. DPP4 receptor is highly conserved among many species, but the genetic variability among direct binding residues to MERS-CoV restrained its cellular tropism to humans, camels and bats. The occurrence of natural polymorphisms in human DPP4 binding residues is not well characterized. Therefore, we aimed to assess the presence of potential mutations in DPP4 receptor binding domain (RBD) among a population highly exposed to MERS-CoV in Morocco and predict their effect on DPP4 -MERS-CoV binding affinity through a computational approach. DPP4 synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were identified by sanger sequencing, and their effect were modelled by mutation prediction tools, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to evaluate structural changes in human DPP4 protein bound to MERS-CoV S1 RBD protein. We identified eight mutations, two synonymous mutations (A291 =, R317 =) and six non-synonymous mutations (N229I, K267E, K267N, T288P, L294V, I295L). Through docking and MD simulation techniques, the chimeric DPP4 -MERS-CoV S1 RBD protein complex models carrying one of the identified non-synonymous mutations sustained a stable binding affinity for the complex that might lead to a robust cellular attachment of MERS-CoV except for the DPP4 N229I mutation. The latter is notable for a loss of binding affinity of DPP4 with MERS-CoV S1 RBD that might affect negatively on cellular entry of the virus. It is important to confirm our molecular modelling prediction with in-vitro studies to acquire a broader overview of the effect of these identified mutations.",2021,,PLoS One,16,10,e0258750,,10.1371/journal.pone.0258750,34648601,#14657,Abbad 2021,"Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Thomas Rawson (2025-06-24 21:36:21)(Select): Has sero, but this appears to be taken from a different paper we already have: #14231; ","" +Rise in broadly cross-reactive adaptive immunity against human β-coronaviruses in MERS-recovered patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.,Kim SH; Kim Y; Jeon S; Park U; Kang JI; Jeon K; Kim HR; Oh S; Rhee JY; Choi JP; Park WB; Park SW; Yang JS; Lee JY; Kang J; Shin HS; Kim S; Kim YS; Lim DG; Cho NH,"To develop a universal coronavirus (CoV) vaccine, long-term immunity against multiple CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and future CoV strains, is crucial. Following the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak, we conducted a long-term follow-up study and found that although neutralizing antibodies and memory T cells against MERS-CoV declined over 5 years, some recovered patients exhibited increased antibody levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. This likely resulted from cross-reactive immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines or infections. A significant correlation in antibody responses across various CoVs indicates shared immunogenic epitopes. Two epitopes-the spike protein's stem helix and intracellular domain-were highly immunogenic after MERS-CoV infection and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. In addition, memory T cell responses, especially polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells, were enhanced during the pandemic, correlating significantly with MERS-CoV spike-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity. Therefore, incorporating these cross-reactive and immunogenic epitopes into pan-CoV vaccine formulations may facilitate effective vaccine development.",2024,Mar,Sci Adv,10,9,eadk6425,,10.1126/sciadv.adk6425,38416834,#14721,Kim 2024,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 22:56:21)(Select): sero follow-up of already confirmed patients. Therefore I think we don't want to include.; ,"" +Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Coronaviruses in Africa Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: A Systematic Review.,Tambe LAM; Mathobo P; Munzhedzi M; Bessong PO; Mavhandu-Ramarumo LG,"Coronaviruses, re-emerging in human populations, cause mild or severe acute respiratory diseases, and occasionally epidemics. This study systematically reviewed human coronavirus (HCoVs) infections in Africa prior to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Forty studies on the prevalence or molecular epidemiology of HCoVs were available from 13/54 African countries (24%). The first published data on HCoV was from South Africa in 2008. Eight studies (20%) reported on HCoV molecular epidemiology. Endemic HCoV prevalence ranged from 0.0% to 18.2%. The prevalence of zoonotic MERS-CoV ranged from 0.0% to 83.5%. Two studies investigated SARS-CoV infection, for which a prevalence of 0.0% was reported. There was heterogeneity in the type of tests used in determining HCoV prevalence. Two studies reported that risk factors for HCoV include exposure to infected animals or humans. The quantity of virologic investigations on HCoV on the African continent was scant, and Africa was not prepared for SARS-CoV-2.",2023,Oct,Viruses,15,11,,,10.3390/v15112146,38005824,#14759,TambeLAM 2023,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks after hospitalisation or ICU admission: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,Ahmed H; Patel K; Greenwood DC; Halpin S; Lewthwaite P; Salawu A; Eyre L; Breen A; O'Connor R; Jones A; Sivan M,"OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus infections after hospitalization or intensive care unit admission. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO were searched. STUDY SELECTION: Original studies reporting clinical outcomes of adult SARS and MERS survivors 3 months after admission or 2 months after discharge were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2009 Level of Evidence Tool. Meta-analysis was used to derive pooled estimates for prevalence/severity of outcomes up to 6 months after hospital discharge, and beyond 6 months after discharge. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 1,169 identified studies, 28 were included in the analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that common complications up to 6 months after discharge were: impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (prevalence 27%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15–45%); and reduced exercise capacity (mean 6-min walking distance 461 m, CI 450–473 m). The prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (39%, 95% CI 31–47%), depression (33%, 95% CI 20–50%) and anxiety (30%, 95% CI 10–61) beyond 6 months after discharge were considerable. Low scores on Short-Form 36 were identified beyond 6 months after discharge. CONCLUSION: Lung function abnormalities, psychological impairment and reduced exercise capacity were common in SARS and MERS survivors. Clinicians should anticipate and investigate similar long-term outcomes in COVID-19 survivors.",2020,May,J Rehabil Med,52,5,jrm00063,,10.2340/16501977-2694,32449782,#14821,Ahmed 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Six-year experience of detection and investigation of possible Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus cases, England, 2012-2018.",Zhao H; ParryFord F; Dabrera G; Sinnathamby M; Ellis J; Dunning J; Osman H; Machin N; Pebody R,"OBJECTIVES: Surveillance for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has been undertaken in the UK since September 2012. This study describes the surveillance outcomes in England from 2012 to 2018. STUDY DESIGN: This was a descriptive study using surveillance data. METHODS: Local health protection teams in England report possible MERS cases to the National Infection Service with clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: A total of 1301 possible MERS cases were identified in the study period. Five cases were laboratory-confirmed MERS. The majority of cases had travelled to Saudi Arabia (56.7%) and United Arab Emirates (25.9%). Fifty-four percent of cases were men and 43.7% were women. The majority of cases (65.1%) were aged 45 years or older. The number of tests increased in the period after Hajj each year. Laboratory-confirmed alternative diagnoses were available for 513 (39.4%) cases; influenza was the most common virus detected (n = 255, 52.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the importance of differential diagnosis of influenza and other respiratory pathogens and early influenza antiviral treatment.",2020,Dec,Public Health,189,,141-143,,10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.007,33227597,#14833,Zhao 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-27 01:22:12)(Select): Short communication and nothing to extract anyway; ,"" +"Comparison of confirmed COVID-19 with SARS and MERS cases - Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",Pormohammad A; Ghorbani S; Khatami A; Farzi R; Baradaran B; Turner DL; Turner RJ; Bahr NC; Idrovo JP,"INTRODUCTION: Within this large-scale study, we compared clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic signs, and outcomes of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS to find unique features. METHOD: We searched all relevant literature published up to February 28, 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed-effect models to analyze the appropriateness of the pooled results. Study has been registered in the PROSPERO database (ID 176106). RESULT: Overall 114 articles included in this study; 52 251 COVID-19 confirmed patients (20 studies), 10 037 SARS (51 studies), and 8139 MERS patients (43 studies) were included. The most common symptom was fever; COVID-19 (85.6%, P < .001), SARS (96%, P < .001), and MERS (74%, P < .001), respectively. Analysis showed that 84% of Covid-19 patients, 86% of SARS patients, and 74.7% of MERS patients had an abnormal chest X-ray. The mortality rate in COVID-19 (5.6%, P < .001) was lower than SARS (13%, P < .001) and MERS (35%, P < .001) between all confirmed patients. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of submission, the mortality rate in COVID-19 confirmed cases is lower than in SARS- and MERS-infected patients. Clinical outcomes and findings would be biased by reporting only confirmed cases, and this should be considered when interpreting the data.",2020,Jul,Rev Med Virol,30,4,e2112,,10.1002/rmv.2112,32502331,#14863,Pormohammad 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"[Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children: a systemic review of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019].",He Y; Tang J; Zhang M; Wang HR; Li WX; Xiong T; Li YP; Mu DZ,"OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Weipu Database, and Wanfang Database were searched for clinical studies on COVID-19 in children published up to May 21, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. A descriptive analysis was then performed for the studies. Related indices between children with COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) were compared. RESULTS: A total of 75 studies were included, with a total of 806 children with COVID-19. The research results showed that the age of the children ranged from 36 hours after birth to 18 years, with a male-female ratio of 1.21 : 1. Similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 often occurred with familial aggregation, and such cases accounted for 74.6% (601/806). The children with COVID-19, SARS, and MERS had similar clinical symptoms, mainly fever and cough. Some children had gastrointestinal symptoms. The children with asymptomatic infection accounted for 17.9% (144/806) of COVID-19 cases, 2.5% (2/81) of SARS cases, and 57.1% (12/21) of MERS cases. The children with COVID-19 and MERS mainly had bilateral lesions on chest imaging examination, with a positive rate of lesions of 63.4% (421/664) and 26.3% (5/19) respectively, which were lower than the corresponding positive rates of viral nucleic acid detection, which were 99.8% and 100% respectively. The chest radiological examination of the children with SARS mainly showed unilateral lesion, with a positive rate of imaging of 88.9% (72/81), which was higher than the corresponding positive rate of viral nucleic acid detection (29.2%). Viral nucleic acid was detected in the feces of children with COVID-19 or SARS, with positive rates of 60.2% (56/93) and 71.4% (5/7) respectively. The children with COVID-19 had a rate of severe disease of 4.6% (31/686) and a mortality rate of 0.1% (1/806), the children with SARS had a rate of severe disease of 1.5% (1/68) and a mortality rate of 0%, and those with MERS had a rate of severe disease of 14.3% (3/21) and a mortality rate of 9.5% (2/21). CONCLUSIONS: Children with COVID-19 have similar symptoms to those with SARS or MERS, mainly fever and cough. Asymptomatic infection is observed in all three diseases. Children with COVID-19 or SARS have milder disease conditions than those with MERS. COVID-19 in children often occurs with familial aggregation. Epidemiological contact history, imaging examination findings, and viral nucleic acid testing results are important bases for the diagnosis of COVID-19.",2020,Aug,Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi,22,8,844-853,,10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2005172,32800031,#14959,He 2020,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; Christian Morgenstern (2025-06-05 19:51:38)(Screen): in chinese; ,"" +A Case Study Evaluating the Risk of Infection from Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in a Hospital Setting Through Bioaerosols.,Adhikari U; Chabrelie A; Weir M; Boehnke K; McKenzie E; Ikner L; Wang M; Wang Q; Young K; Haas CN; Rose J; Mitchell J,"Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, an emerging viral infection with a global case fatality rate of 35.5%, caused major outbreaks first in 2012 and 2015, though new cases are continuously reported around the world. Transmission is believed to mainly occur in healthcare settings through aerosolized particles. This study uses Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment to develop a generalizable model that can assist with interpreting reported outbreak data or predict risk of infection with or without the recommended strategies. The exposure scenario includes a single index patient emitting virus-containing aerosols into the air by coughing, leading to short- and long-range airborne exposures for other patients in the same room, nurses, healthcare workers, and family visitors. Aerosol transport modeling was coupled with Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the risk of MERS illness for the exposed population. Results from a typical scenario show the daily mean risk of infection to be the highest for the nurses and healthcare workers (8.49 × 10(-4) and 7.91 × 10(-4) , respectively), and the lowest for family visitors and patients staying in the same room (3.12 × 10(-4) and 1.29 × 10(-4) , respectively). Sensitivity analysis indicates that more than 90% of the uncertainty in the risk characterization is due to the viral concentration in saliva. Assessment of risk interventions showed that respiratory masks were found to have a greater effect in reducing the risks for all the groups evaluated (>90% risk reduction), while increasing the air exchange was effective for the other patients in the same room only (up to 58% risk reduction).",2019,Dec,Risk Anal,39,12,2608-2624,,10.1111/risa.13389,31524301,#14965,Adhikari 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-19 20:18:31)(Screen): risk factors?; ,"" +"Lethal zoonotic coronavirus infections of humans - comparative phylogenetics, epidemiology, transmission, and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019, The Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome.",Hui DS; Zumla A; Tang JW,"PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronaviruses-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged as a new zoonotic pathogen of humans at the end of 2019 and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. Over 106 million COVID-19 cases including 2.3 million deaths have been reported to the WHO as of February 9, 2021. This review examines the epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, and phylogenetics of three lethal zoonotic coronavirus infections of humans: SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV). RECENT FINDINGS: Bats appear to be the common natural source of SARS-like CoV including SARS-CoV-1 but their role in SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV remains unclear. Civet cats and dromedary camels are the intermediary animal sources for SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV infection, respectively whereas that of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads peak early on days 2-4 of symptom onset and thus high transmission occurs in the community, and asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission occurs commonly. Nosocomial outbreaks are hallmarks of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV infections whereas these are less common in COVID-19. Several COVID-19 vaccines are now available. SUMMARY: Of the three lethal zoonotic coronavirus infections of humans, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a devastating global pandemic with over a million deaths. The emergence of genetic variants, such as D614G, N501Y (variants 1 and 2), has led to an increase in transmissibility and raises concern about the possibility of re-infection and impaired vaccine response. Continued global surveillance is essential for both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, to monitor changing epidemiology due to viral variants.",2021,May,Curr Opin Pulm Med,27,3,146-154,,10.1097/MCP.0000000000000774,33660619,#15022,Hui 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis.,Al-Tawfiq JA; Abdrabalnabi R; Taher A; Mathew S; Rahman KA,"BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused multiple outbreaks. Such outbreaks increase economic and infection control burdens. We studied the infection control influence of MERS-CoV using a hospital-based analysis. METHODS: Our hospital had 17 positive and 82 negative cases of MERS-CoV between April 1, 2013, and June 3, 2013. The study evaluated the impact of these cases on the use of gloves, surgical masks, N95 respirators, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and soap, as well as hand hygiene compliance rates. RESULTS: During the study, the use of personal protective equipment during MERS-CoV compared with theperiod before MERS-CoV increased dramatically from 2,947.4 to 10,283.9 per 1,000 patient-days (P<.0000001) for surgical masks and from 22 to 232 per 1,000 patient-days (P <.0000001) for N95 masks. The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer and soap showed a significant increase in utilized amount (P<.0000001). Hand hygiene compliance rates increased from 73% just before the occurrence of the first MERS case to 88% during MERS cases (P = .0001). The monthly added cost was $16,400 for included infection control items. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant increase in the utilization of surgical masks, respirators, soap and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Such an increase is a challenge and adds cost to the healthcare system.",2019,Apr,Am J Infect Control,47,4,431-434,,10.1016/j.ajic.2018.09.015,30502108,#15049,Al-Tawfiq 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-18 00:22:39)(Select): Just about the increase in PPE use.; ,"" +Camel virus (MERS) reported from Qatar: a threat to the FIFA-2022 and Middle East.,Mohapatra RK; Padhi BK; Kandi V; Mishra S; Rabaan AA; Mohanty A; Sah R,,2023,Feb,QJM,116,2,150-152,,10.1093/qjmed/hcac271,36469349,#15053,Mohapatra 2023,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,letter to the editor +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science.,Mostafa A; Kandeil A; Shehata M; El Shesheny R; Samy AM; Kayali G; Ali MA,"Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause disease outbreaks ranging from the common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. Since 2003, three zoonotic members of this family evolved to cross species barriers infecting humans and resulting in relatively high case fatality rates (CFR). Compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, CFR = 10%) and pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, CFR = 6%), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has scored the highest CFR (approximately 35%). In this review, we systematically summarize the current state of scientific knowledge about MERS-CoV, including virology and origin, epidemiology, zoonotic mode of transmission, and potential therapeutic or prophylactic intervention modalities.",2020,Jul,Microorganisms,8,7,,,10.3390/microorganisms8070991,32630780,#15064,Mostafa 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.",Di Mascio D; Khalil A; Saccone G; Rizzo G; Buca D; Liberati M; Vecchiet J; Nappi L; Scambia G; Berghella V; D'Antonio F,"OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to report pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus spectrum infections, and particularly coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease because of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection during pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched electronically utilizing combinations of word variants for coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome or MERS or COVID-19 and pregnancy. The search and selection criteria were restricted to English language. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria were hospitalized pregnant women with a confirmed coronavirus related-illness, defined as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), or COVID-19. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: We used meta-analyses of proportions to combine data and reported pooled proportions, so that a pooled proportion may not coincide with the actual raw proportion in the results. The pregnancy outcomes observed included miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, fetal growth restriction, and mode of delivery. The perinatal outcomes observed were fetal distress, Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, neonatal asphyxia, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit, perinatal death, and evidence of vertical transmission. RESULTS: Nineteen studies including 79 hospitalized women were eligible for this systematic review: 41 pregnancies (51.9%) affected by COVID-19, 12 (15.2%) by MERS, and 26 (32.9%) by SARS. An overt diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 91.8%, and the most common symptoms were fever (82.6%), cough (57.1%), and dyspnea (27.0%). For all coronavirus infections, the pooled proportion of miscarriage was 64.7% (8/12; 95% confidence interval, 37.9-87.3), although reported only for women affected by SARS in two studies with no control group; the pooled proportion of preterm birth <37 weeks was 24.3% (14/56; 95% confidence interval, 12.5-38.6); premature prelabor rupture of membranes occurred in 20.7% (6/34; 95% confidence interval, 9.5-34.9), preeclampsia in 16.2% (2/19; 95% confidence interval, 4.2-34.1), and fetal growth restriction in 11.7% (2/29; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-24.4), although reported only for women affected by SARS; 84% (50/58) were delivered by cesarean; the pooled proportion of perinatal death was 11.1% (5/60; 95% confidence interval, 84.8-19.6), and 57.2% of newborns (3/12; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-99.8) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. When focusing on COVID-19, the most common adverse pregnancy outcome was preterm birth <37 weeks, occurring in 41.1% of cases (14/32; 95% confidence interval, 25.6-57.6), while the pooled proportion of perinatal death was 7.0% (2/41; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-16.3). None of the 41 newborns assessed showed clinical signs of vertical transmission. CONCLUSION: In hospitalized mothers infected with coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, >90% of whom also had pneumonia, preterm birth is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. COVID-19 infection was associated with higher rate (and pooled proportions) of preterm birth, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death. There have been no published cases of clinical evidence of vertical transmission. Evidence is accumulating rapidly, so these data may need to be updated soon. The findings from this study can guide and enhance prenatal counseling of women with COVID-19 infection occurring during pregnancy, although they should be interpreted with caution in view of the very small number of included cases.",2020,May,Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM,2,2,100107,,10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107,32292902,#15077,DiMascio 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +An association between exposure to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and mortality rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).,Naeem U; Naeem A; Naeem MA; Naeem K; Mujtaba B; Mujtaba A; Khurshid A,"OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to find an association between exposure of a population to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and mortality rate due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across different countries worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To find the relationship between exposure to MERS-CoV and mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2, we collected and analyzed data of three possible factors that may have resulted in an exposure of a population to MERS-CoV: (1) the number of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases reported among 16 countries since 2012; (2) data of MERS-CoV seroprevalence in camels across 23 countries, as working with camels increase risk of exposure to MERS-CoV; (3) data of travel history of people from 51 countries to Saudi Arabia was collected on the assumption that travel to a country where MERS is endemic, such as, Saudi Arabia, could also lead to exposure to MERS-CoV. RESULTS: We found a significantly lower number of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths per million (deaths/M) of a population in countries that are likely to be exposed to MERS-CoV than otherwise (t-stat=3.686, p<0.01). In addition, the number of COVID-19 deaths/M of a population was significantly lower in countries that reported a higher seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in camels than otherwise (t-stat=4.5077, p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that increased travelling history to Saudi Arabia is likely to be associated with a lower mortality rate due to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides empirical evidence that a population that was at an increased risk of exposure to MERS-CoV had a significantly lower mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2, which might be due to cross-protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in that population because of an earlier exposure to MERS-CoV.",2020,Sep,Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,24,17,9172-9181,,10.26355/eurrev_202009_22868,32965011,#15137,Naeem 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"A comparison of mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",Lu L; Zhong W; Bian Z; Li Z; Zhang K; Liang B; Zhong Y; Hu M; Lin L; Liu J; Lin X; Huang Y; Jiang J; Yang X; Zhang X; Huang Z,"OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. This systematic review compares mortality risk factors including clinical, demographic and laboratory features of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The aim is to provide new strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. METHODS: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using five databases to compare the predictors of death for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. A random-effects model meta-analysis calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: 845 articles up through 11/4/2020 were retrieved, but only 28 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that males had a higher likelihood of death than females (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.56-2.13). Age (OR = 7.86, 95% CI 5.46-11.29), diabetes comorbidity (OR = 3.73, 95% CI 2.35-5.90), chronic lung disease (OR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.80-6.52) and hypertension (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 2.45-4.67) were the mortality risk factors. The laboratory indicators lactic dehydrogenase (OR = 37.52, 95% CI 24.68-57.03), C-reactive protein (OR = 12.11, 95% CI 5.24-27.98), and neutrophils (OR = 17.56, 95% CI 10.67-28.90) had stronger correlations with COVID-19 mortality than with SARS or MERS mortality. Consolidation and ground-glass opacity imaging features were similar among COVID-19, SARS, and MERS patients. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19's mortality factors are similar to those of SARS and MERS. Age and laboratory indicators could be effective predictors of COVID-19 mortality outcomes.",2020,Oct,J Infect,81,4,e18-e25,,10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.002,32634459,#15153,Lu 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Detection of multiple viral sequences in the respiratory tract samples of suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients in Jakarta, Indonesia 2015-2016.",Setianingsih TY; Wiyatno A; Hartono TS; Hindawati E; Rosamarlina; Dewantari AK; Myint KS; Lisdawati V; Safari D,"OBJECTIVES: The identification and analysis of viral etiological agents from suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases admitted to Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH) using molecular assays. METHODS: Biological samples were collected from 13 hospitalized patients suspected of MERS-CoV infection in Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso IDH from July 2015 to December 2016. The majority of patients presented with pneumonia, with symptoms including fever (≥37.5 °C), labored breathing, and cough, and with a history of travel to the Middle East. Viral RNA was isolated and converted to cDNA, which was used as a template for the detection of 12 viral panels using conventional PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: Viral etiological agents detected in the patients were enterovirus D68, dengue virus type 3, rhinovirus C, human coronavirus 229E, herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza virus H1N1, influenza virus H3N2, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus A60. CONCLUSIONS: The sequences of nine viral agents under different taxa were detected in suspected MERS-CoV patients, including influenza virus, paramyxovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, human metapneumovirus, and herpesvirus.",2019,Sep,Int J Infect Dis,86,,102-107,,10.1016/j.ijid.2019.06.022,31238156,#15175,Setianingsih 2019,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-18 00:55:58)(Select): Hospital duration, but all tested negative for MERS.; Christian Morgenstern (2025-06-05 19:33:15)(Select): has days of hospitalisation; ","" +Cocktail of FIFA 2022 Vis-A-Vis camel beauty pageant championship; potential health threat of MERS among players and fans - A possible global spread.,Sah R; Mohapatra RK; Mishra S; Chinnam S; Rabaan AA; Alshahrani NZ; Mohanty A; Al-Ahdal T; León-Figueroa DA; Padhi BK,,2023,Mar-Apr,Travel Med Infect Dis,52,,102541,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102541,36623743,#15214,Sah 2023,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-27 00:24:51)(Select): letter to editor; ,"" +Risk Assessment for the Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) on Aircraft: A Systematic Review.,Berruga-Fernández T; Robesyn E; Korhonen T; Penttinen P; Jansa JM,"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a potentially fatal respiratory disease. Although it is most common in the Arabian Peninsula, it has been exported to 17 countries outside the Middle East, mostly through air travel. The Risk Assessment Guidelines for Infectious Diseases transmitted on Aircraft (RAGIDA) advise authorities on measures to take when an infected individual travelled by air. The aim of this systematic review was to gather all available information on documented MERS-CoV cases that had travelled by air, to update RAGIDA. The databases used were PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Global Index Medicus; Google was searched for grey literature and hand searching was performed on the EU Early Warning and Response System and the WHO Disease Outbreak News. Forty-seven records were identified, describing 21 cases of MERS that had travelled on 31 flights. Contact tracing was performed for 17 cases. Most countries traced passengers sitting in the same row and the two rows in front and behind the case. Only one country decided to trace all passengers and crew. No cases of in-flight transmission were observed; thus, considering the resources it requires, a conservative approach may be appropriate when contact tracing passengers and crew where a case of MERS has travelled by air.",2021,Jun,Epidemiol Infect,149,,1-51,,10.1017/S095026882100131X,34108058,#15277,Berruga-Fernández 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trends.,Kannan S; Shaik Syed Ali P; Sheeza A; Hemalatha K,"The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a warning that, although the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from Wuhan City (China), is not pandemic, it should be contained to prevent the global spread. The COVID-19 virus was known earlier as 2019-nCoV. As of 12 February 2020, WHO reported 45,171 cases and 1115 deaths related to COVID-19. COVID-19 is similar to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) virus in its pathogenicity, clinical spectrum, and epidemiology. Comparison of the genome sequences of COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) showed that COVID-19 has a better sequence identity with SARS-CoV compared to MERS CoV. However, the amino acid sequence of COVID-19 differs from other coronaviruses specifically in the regions of 1ab polyprotein and surface glycoprotein or S-protein. Although several animals have been speculated to be a reservoir for COVID-19, no animal reservoir has been already confirmed. COVID-19 causes COVID-19 disease that has similar symptoms as SARS-CoV. Studies suggest that the human receptor for COVID-19 may be angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor similar to that of SARS-CoV. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of COVID-19 has nearly 90% amino acid sequence identity with SARS-CoV. The N protein antibodies of SARS-CoV may cross react with COVID-19 but may not provide cross-immunity. In a similar fashion to SARS-CoV, the N protein of COVID-19 may play an important role in suppressing the RNA interference (RNAi) to overcome the host defense. This mini-review aims at investigating the most recent trend of COVID-19.",2020,Feb,Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,24,4,2006-2011,,10.26355/eurrev_202002_20378,32141569,#15317,Kannan 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-15 01:18:16)(Screen): genomics?; ,review +"Interferon therapy in patients with SARS, MERS, and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.",Saleki K; Yaribash S; Banazadeh M; Hajihosseinlou E; Gouravani M; Saghazadeh A; Rezaei N,"Concern regarding coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks has stayed relevant to global health in the last decades. Emerging COVID-19 infection, caused by the novel SARS-CoV2, is now a pandemic, bringing a substantial burden to human health. Interferon (IFN), combined with other antivirals and various treatments, has been used to treat and prevent MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2 infections. We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of IFN-based treatments and combinational therapy with antivirals, corticosteroids, traditional medicine, and other treatments. Major healthcare databases and grey literature were investigated. A three-stage screening was utilized, and included studies were checked against the protocol eligibility criteria. Risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed, followed by narrative data synthesis. Fifty-five distinct studies of SARS-CoV2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV were spotted. Our narrative synthesis showed a possible benefit in the use of IFN. A good quality cohort showed lower CRP levels in Arbidol (ARB) + IFN group vs. IFN only group. Another study reported a significantly shorter chest X-ray (CXR) resolution in IFN-Alfacon-1 + corticosteroid group compared with the corticosteroid only group in SARS-CoV patients. In a COVID-19 trial, total adverse drug events (ADEs) were much lower in the Favipiravir (FPV) + IFN-α group compared with the LPV/RTV arm (P = 0.001). Also, nausea in patients receiving FPV + IFN-α regimen was significantly lower (P = 0.03). Quantitative analysis of mortality did not show a conclusive effect for IFN/RBV treatment in six moderately heterogeneous MERS-CoV studies (log OR = -0.05, 95% CI: (-0.71,0.62), I(2) = 44.71%). A meta-analysis of three COVID-19 studies did not show a conclusive nor meaningful relation between receiving IFN and COVID-19 severity (log OR = -0.44, 95% CI: (-1.13,0.25), I(2) = 31.42%). A lack of high-quality cohorts and controlled trials was observed. Evidence suggests the potential efficacy of several combination IFN therapies such as lower ADEs, quicker resolution of CXR, or a decrease in inflammatory cytokines; Still, these options must possibly be further explored before being recommended in public guidelines. For all major CoVs, our results may indicate a lack of a definitive effect of IFN treatment on mortality. We recommend such therapeutics be administered with extreme caution until further investigation uncovers high-quality evidence in favor of IFN or combination therapy with IFN.",2021,Sep,Eur J Pharmacol,906,,174248,,10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174248,34126092,#15378,Saleki 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Superspreading and heterogeneity in transmission of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19: A systematic review.",Wang J; Chen X; Guo Z; Zhao S; Huang Z; Zhuang Z; Wong EL; Zee BC; Chong MKC; Wang MH; Yeoh EK,"BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused substantial public health burdens and global health threats. Understanding the superspreading potentials of these viruses are important for characterizing transmission patterns and informing strategic decision-making in disease control. This systematic review aimed to summarize the existing evidence on superspreading features and to compare the heterogeneity in transmission within and among various betacoronavirus epidemics of SARS, MERS and COVID-19. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases were extensively searched for original studies on the transmission heterogeneity of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 published in English between January 1, 2003, and February 10, 2021. After screening the articles, we extracted data pertaining to the estimated dispersion parameter (k) which has been a commonly-used measurement for superspreading potential. FINDINGS: We included a total of 60 estimates of transmission heterogeneity from 26 studies on outbreaks in 22 regions. The majority (90%) of the k estimates were small, with values less than 1, indicating an over-dispersed transmission pattern. The point estimates of k for SARS and MERS ranged from 0.12 to 0.20 and from 0.06 to 2.94, respectively. Among 45 estimates of individual-level transmission heterogeneity for COVID-19 from 17 articles, 91% were derived from Asian regions. The point estimates of k for COVID-19 ranged between 0.1 and 5.0. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a substantial over-dispersed transmission pattern in all three coronaviruses, while the k estimates varied by differences in study design and public health capacity. Our findings suggested that even with a reduced R value, the epidemic still has a high resurgence potential due to transmission heterogeneity.",2021,,Comput Struct Biotechnol J,19,,5039-5046,,10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.045,34484618,#15409,Wang 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Meta-analysis of seroprevalence and zoonotic infections of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A one-health perspective.,Kandeel M,"The zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by an emerging beta-coronavirus (CoV). The majority of MERS studies have included scattered data from sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, and these data have not been analyzed collectively. In this work, a meta-analysis of these studies was conducted to coalesce these results, determine the prevalence and seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in camels and humans, and examine how zoonotic infection rates in dromedary camels are related to human infection rates. After extracting the collected data, the prevalence and seroprevalence at a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a fixed-effects inverse-variance meta-analysis was conducted. Thirteen studies were included. Eight studies included 2905 samples from dromedary camels, of which 1108 (38.14%) were positive for the virus. The prevalence was 8.75[-13.47, 30.98] at 95% CI in dromedary camels and 0.03[-35.23, 35.28] at 95% CI in humans. Ten studies included 7176 serum samples, 5788 (80.66%) of which were positive. The seroprevalence was 20.69[-4.60, 45.99] at 95% CI. The prevalence of MERS-CoV was moderate to high, but the seroprevalence was high. Despite the high prevalence of the virus in camel herds, zoonotic transmissions were not widespread. Further longitudinal and cross-sectional follow-up studies are recommended to provide solid control of MERS-CoV transmission.",2022,Dec,One Health,15,,100436,,10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100436,36168446,#15433,Kandeel 2022,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Genetic Insights into the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Saudi People.,Abuelizz HA; AlRasheed MM; Alhoshani A; Alhawassi T,"BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was isolated for the first time in Saudi Arabia from a patient suffering from atypical pneumonia. The Saudi Genome database was built by King Abdulaziz Medical City via the next-generation sequencing of 7000 candidates. METHOD: A large list of point mutations were reported in the region of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene. The DPP4 amino acid residues correlated to MERS-CoV entry and the site of activity of DPP4 inhibitors was investigated. We retrieved the SNPs (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism) with a variation frequency of >0.05. RESULTS: SNP 2:162,890,175 and SNP 2:162,891,848 in the intronic region were located within 50 bp of amino acid residues responsible for MERS-CoV entry, amino acids 259-296 and 205-258, respectively. The variation frequency of SNP 2:162,890,175 was 2321 out of 2379 screened individuals. Moreover, mutation of SNP 2:162,891,848, which is located near amino acid residues E205 and E206 (crucial for the activity of DPP4 inhibitors), occurred in 76 out of 2379 screened individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows high variation frequency in the DPP4 region reported in the Saudi Genome database. The identified SNPs are of high significance for MERS-CoV infection in better understanding disease pathogenesis.",2021,Oct,Vaccines (Basel),9,10,,,10.3390/vaccines9101193,34696302,#15500,Abuelizz 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-24 21:48:11)(Select): doesn't have mutation/substitution rate; ,"" +Temporal variations in international air travel: implications for modelling the spread of infectious diseases.,Wardle J; Bhatia S; Cori A; Nouvellet P,"BACKGROUND: The international flight network creates multiple routes by which pathogens can quickly spread across the globe. In the early stages of infectious disease outbreaks, analyses using flight passenger data to identify countries at risk of importing the pathogen are common and can help inform disease control efforts. A challenge faced in this modelling is that the latest aviation statistics (referred to as contemporary data) are typically not immediately available. Therefore, flight patterns from a previous year are often used (referred to as historical data). We explored the suitability of historical data for predicting the spatial spread of emerging epidemics. METHODS: We analysed monthly flight passenger data from the International Air Transport Association to assess how baseline air travel patterns were affected by outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Zika and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) over the past decade. We then used a stochastic discrete time susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) metapopulation model to simulate the global spread of different pathogens, comparing how epidemic dynamics differed in simulations based on historical and contemporary data. RESULTS: We observed local, short-term disruptions to air travel from South Korea and Brazil for the MERS and Zika outbreaks we studied, whereas global and longer-term flight disruptions occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. For outbreak events that were accompanied by local, small and short-term changes in air travel, epidemic models using historical flight data gave similar projections of the timing and locations of disease spread as when using contemporary flight data. However, historical data were less reliable to model the spread of an atypical outbreak such as SARS-CoV-2, in which there were durable and extensive levels of global travel disruption. CONCLUSION: The use of historical flight data as a proxy in epidemic models is an acceptable practice, except in rare, large epidemics that lead to substantial disruptions to international travel.",2024,Jun,J Travel Med,31,4,,,10.1093/jtm/taae062,38630887,#15586,Wardle 2024,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +Epidemiology and Scenario Simulations of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) Disease Spread and Control for Dromedary Camels in United Arab Emirates (UAE).,Ali MM; Fathelrahman E; El Awad AI; Eltahir YM; Osman R; El-Khatib Y; AlRifai RH; El Sadig M; Khalafalla AI; Reeves A,"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) is a coronavirus-caused viral respiratory infection initially detected in Saudi Arabia in 2012. In UAE, high seroprevalence (97.1) of MERS-CoV in camels was reported in several Emirate of Abu Dhabi studies, including camels in zoos, public escorts, and slaughterhouses. The objectives of this research include simulation of MERS-CoV spread using a customized animal disease spread model (i.e., customized stochastic model for the UAE; analyzing the MERS-CoV spread and prevalence based on camels age groups and identifying the optimum control MERS-CoV strategy. This study found that controlling animal mobility is the best management technique for minimizing epidemic length and the number of affected farms. This study also found that disease dissemination differs amongst camels of three ages: camel kids under the age of one, young camels aged one to four, and adult camels aged four and up; because of their immunological state, kids, as well as adults, had greater infection rates. To save immunization costs, it is advised that certain age groups be targeted and that intense ad hoc unexpected vaccinations be avoided. According to the study, choosing the best technique must consider both efficacy and cost.",2024,Jan,Animals (Basel),14,3,,,10.3390/ani14030362,38338005,#15780,Ali 2024,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 22:16:53)(Select): camel model; ","" +"SARS, MERS and CoVID-19: An overview and comparison of clinical, laboratory and radiological features.",Pustake M; Tambolkar I; Giri P; Gandhi C,"In the 21(st) century, we have seen a total of three outbreaks by members of the coronavirus family. Although the first two outbreaks did not result in a pandemic, the third and the latest outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) culminated in a pandemic. This pandemic has been extremely significant on a social and international level. As these viruses belong to the same family, they are closely related. Despite their numerous similarities, they have slight distinctions that render them distinct from one another. The Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases were reported to have a very high case fatality rate of 9.5 and 34.4% respectively. In contrast, the CoVID-19 has a case fatality rate of 2.13%. Also, there are no clear medical countermeasures for these coronaviruses yet. We can cross information gaps, including cultural weapons for fighting and controlling the spread of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and plan efficient and comprehensive defensive lines against coronaviruses that might arise or reemerge in the future by gaining a deeper understanding of these coronaviruses and the illnesses caused by them. The review thoroughly summarises the state-of-the-art information and compares the biochemical properties of these deadly coronaviruses with the clinical characteristics, laboratory features and radiological manifestations of illnesses induced by them, with an emphasis on comparing and contrasting their similarities and differences.",2022,Jan,J Family Med Prim Care,11,1,10-17,,10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_839_21,35309670,#15913,Pustake 2022,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Viral aetiology of severe acute respiratory illness among patients admitted during the 2022 peri-Hajj period.,Assiri AM; Alsuraihi H; Alshahrani AMM; Alzaid SZ; Albarraq AM; Asiri S; Algwizani AR; Alotaibi A; Al-Tawfiq JA,"INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among pilgrims continues to be an important healthcare issue. The aim of this study was to describe the viral aetiology of patients admitted to hospitals in the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah during the 2022 peri-Hajj period. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to hospitals with SARI. Patients were tested with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the most common viral aetiologies. RESULTS: In total, 179 cases of SARI were identified during the study period. Of these, 101 (56.4%) were males, 78 (43.6%) were females, and 78 (43.6%) were Saudi. The mean age was 58.60 years (standard deviation 20.5) years. The most common age group was ≥65 years (n=68, 36%), followed by 55-59 years (n=37, 19%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (n=67, 36%), hypertension (n=65, 35%) and chronic lung disease (n=34, 18%). Eighty-five (47.5%) patients tested negative and 94 (42.5%) tested positive for various viral aetiologies. The most frequently detected viruses were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n=28, 15%) and influenza (n=22, 12%); of the influenza cases, 16 were influenza A (6 (43%) were H3N2), and six were influenza B. The only case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was in a citizen, and none of the visitors or residents had MERS-CoV. Of the total cases, 27 (14%) died during the follow-up period. In a binary regression analysis, only age was associated with mortality (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The most commonly detected viruses among patients admitted to hospital with SARI were SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. It is important to continue surveillance of admitted and non-admitted patients in different Hajj periods to identify any shift in the aetiologic agents.",2023,Sep,IJID Reg,8,,28-30,,10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.004,37583481,#15955,Assiri 2023,Exclusion reason: 4. Case report or case study (i.e. reports on less than 10 cases); Thomas Rawson (2025-06-25 22:58:06)(Select): Only one MERS case (<10); ,"" +A numerical study of ventilation strategies for infection risk mitigation in general inpatient wards.,Satheesan MK; Mui KW; Wong LT,"Aerial dispersion of human exhaled microbial contaminants and subsequent contamination of surfaces is a potential route for infection transmission in hospitals. Most general hospital wards have ventilation systems that drive air and thus contaminants from the patient areas towards the corridors. This study investigates the transport mechanism and deposition patterns of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) within a typical six bedded general inpatient ward cubicle through numerical simulation. It demonstrates that both air change and exhaust airflow rates have significant effects on not only the airflow but also the particle distribution within a mechanically ventilated space. Moreover, the location of an infected patient within the ward cubicle is crucial in determining the extent of infection risk to other ward occupants. Hence, it is recommended to provide exhaust grilles in close proximity to a patient, preferably above each patient's bed. To achieve infection prevention and control, high exhaust airflow rate is also suggested. Regardless of the ventilation design, all patients and any surfaces within a ward cubicle should be regularly and thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to remove microbial contamination. The outcome of this study can serve as a source of reference for hospital management to better ventilation design strategies for mitigating the risk of infection.",2020,,Build Simul,13,4,887-896,,10.1007/s12273-020-0623-4,32211123,#16003,Satheesan 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Meta-analysis and comprehensive study of coronavirus outbreaks: SARS, MERS and COVID-19.",Berber E; Sumbria D; Çanakoğlu N,"BACKGROUND: Zoonotic coronaviruses have caused several endemic and pandemic situations around the world. SARS caused the first epidemic alert at the beginning of this century, followed by MERS. COVID-19 appeared to be highly contagious, with human-to-human transmission by aerosol droplets, and reached nearly all countries around the world. A plethora of studies were performed, with reports being published within a short period of time by scientists and medical physicians. It has been difficult to find the relevant data to create an overview of the situation according to studies from accumulated findings and reports. In the present study we aimed to perform a comprehensive study in the context of the case fatality ratios (CFRs) of three major human Coronavirus outbreaks which occurred during the first twenty years of 21st century. METHODS: In this study, we performed meta-analyses on SARS, MERS and COVID-19 outbreak events from publicly available records. Study analyses were performed with the help of highly reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, WOS and Scopus to evaluate and present current knowledge on zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks, starting from 2000 to the end of 2020. RESULTS: A total of 250,194 research studies and records were identified with specific keywords and synonyms for the three viruses in order to cover all publications. In the end, 41 records were selected and included after applying several exclusion and inclusion criteria on identified datasets. SARS was found to have a nearly 11% case fatality ratio (CFR), which means the estimated number of deaths as a proportion of confirmed positive cases; Taiwan was the country most affected by the SARS outbreak based on the CFR analysis. MERS had CFRs of 35.8 and 26 in Saudi Arabia during the 2012 and 2015 outbreaks, respectively. COVID-19 resulted in a 2.2 CFR globally, and the USA reported the highest mortality ratio in the world in the end of first year of COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Some members of the Coronaviridae family can cause highly contagious and devastating infections among humans. Within the last two decades, the whole world has witnessed several deadly emerging infectious diseases, which are most commonly zoonotic in nature. We conclude that pre-existing immunity during the early stages of a pandemic might be important, but case control and management strategies should be improved to decrease CFRs. Finally, we have addressed several concerns in relation to outbreak events in this study.",2021,Aug,J Infect Public Health,14,8,1051-1064,,10.1016/j.jiph.2021.06.007,34174535,#16163,Berber 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Anne Cori (2025-05-15 18:52:04)(Screen): review; ,review +"Nosocomial infections among patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: a rapid review and meta-analysis.",Zhou Q; Gao Y; Wang X; Liu R; Du P; Zhang X; Lu S; Wang Z; Shi Q; Li W; Ma Y; Luo X; Fukuoka T; Ahn HS; Lee MS; Liu E; Chen Y; Luo Z; Yang K,"BACKGROUND: COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has now spread to most countries and regions of the world. As patients potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 need to visit hospitals, the incidence of nosocomial infection can be expected to be high. Therefore, a comprehensive and objective understanding of nosocomial infection is needed to guide the prevention and control of the epidemic. METHODS: We searched major international and Chinese databases: Medicine, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CBM (China Biology Medicine disc), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang database for case series or case reports on nosocomial infections of COVID-19, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndromes) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) from their inception to March 31st, 2020. We conducted a meta-analysis of the proportion of nosocomial infection patients in the diagnosed patients, occupational distribution of nosocomial infection medical staff. RESULTS: We included 40 studies. Among the confirmed patients, the proportions of nosocomial infections with early outbreaks of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS were 44.0%, 36.0%, and 56.0%, respectively. Of the confirmed patients, the medical staff and other hospital-acquired infections accounted for 33.0% and 2.0% of COVID-19 cases, 37.0% and 24.0% of SARS cases, and 19.0% and 36.0% of MERS cases, respectively. Nurses and doctors were the most affected among the infected medical staff. The mean numbers of secondary cases caused by one index patient were 29.3 and 6.3 for SARS and MERS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of nosocomial infection in patients with COVID-19 was 44% in the early outbreak. Patients attending hospitals should take personal protection. Medical staff should be awareness of the disease to protect themselves and the patients.",2020,May,Ann Transl Med,8,10,629,,10.21037/atm-20-3324,32566566,#16319,Zhou 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Quality of life reported by survivors after hospitalization for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).,Batawi S; Tarazan N; Al-Raddadi R; Al Qasim E; Sindi A; Al Johni S; Al-Hameed FM; Arabi YM; Uyeki TM; Alraddadi BM,"INTRODUCTION: Data are lacking on impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among survivors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of MERS survivors who required hospitalization in Saudi Arabia during 2016-2017, approximately 1 year after diagnosis. The Short-Form General Health Survey 36 (SF-36) was administered by telephone interview to assess 8 quality of life domains for MERS survivors and a sample of survivors of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) without MERS. We compared mean SF-36 scores of MERS and non-MERS SARI survivors using independent t-test, and compared categorical variables using chi-square test. Adjusted analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Of 355 MERS survivors, 83 were eligible and 78 agreed to participate. MERS survivors were younger than non-MERS SARI survivors (mean ± SD): (44.9 years ±12.9) vs (50.0 years ±13.6), p = 0.031. Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were similar for MERS and non-MERS SARI survivors (46.2% vs. 57.1%), p = 0.20. After adjusting for potential confounders, there were no significant differences between MERS and non-MERS SARI survivors in physical component or mental component summary scores. MERS ICU survivors scored lower than MERS survivors not admitted to an ICU for physical function (p = 0.05), general health (p = 0.01), vitality (p = 0.03), emotional role (p = 0.03) and physical component summary (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Functional scores were similar for MERS and non-MERS SARI survivors. However, MERS survivors of critical illness reported lower quality of life than survivors of less severe illness. Efforts are needed to address the long-term medical and psychological needs of MERS survivors.",2019,Jun,Health Qual Life Outcomes,17,1,101,,10.1186/s12955-019-1165-2,31186042,#16322,Batawi 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-25 23:22:33)(Select): couldn't find anything to extract; ,"" +"Super-spreading events and contribution to transmission of MERS, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).",Al-Tawfiq JA; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,,2020,Jun,J Hosp Infect,105,2,111-112,,10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.002,32277963,#16405,Al-Tawfiq 2020,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +"Cases of high-consequence infectious diseases identified in the UK, 1962-2023.",Atkinson B; Beadsworth M; Dunning J,"The management of patients with acute infectious diseases can present significant challenges, especially if the causative agent has a propensity for person-to-person transmission. In such cases, effective patient management is dependent on both rapid identification of disease and the provision of necessary medical care while adhering to suitable infection prevention and control measures to reduce the potential for onwards transmission. The UK has operated a defined system for managing patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) since the 1970s, when protocols were first implemented following the first descriptions of several viral haemorrhagic fever diseases, including Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease (EVD). While more than 200 people with HCIDs have been treated in UK hospitals since the 1970s, most of these patients had COVID-19 or mpox during the early phases of new public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs), prior to their removal from the UK HCID list in March 2020 and June 2022, respectively. Excluding PHEICs, 26 patients have been treated in HCID treatment centres between 1962 and 2023: 10 patients with Lassa fever, 7 with mpox prior to the 2022 PHEIC, 4 with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), 4 with EVD and 1 with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF). In total, 15 additional HCID patients were identified where treatment in a specialist centre did not occur due to retrospective diagnosis (4 patients with Lassa fever), mild or moderate illness [5 patients with avian influenza A(H5N1), 1 with MERS and 1 with CCHF] or death prior to transfer (2 patients with Lassa fever, 1 with CCHF and 1 with pneumonic plague). Here we summarize the UK HCID experience, including details about their detection, patient management and outcomes.",2025,Mar,J Med Microbiol,74,3,,,10.1099/jmm.0.001982,40071494,#16470,Atkinson 2025,"Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Thomas Rawson (2025-06-18 00:48:49)(Select): Review, they cite some early papers we don't catch because it wasn't called MERS then. Likely too low a sample size anyway to include.; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-15 01:23:27)(Screen): could have time spent in hospital; ",review +"Super-spreaders of novel coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19: a systematic review.",Brainard J; Jones NR; Harrison FCD; Hammer CC; Lake IR,"PURPOSE: Most index cases with novel coronavirus infections transmit disease to just one or two other individuals, but some individuals ""super-spread""-they infect many secondary cases. Understanding common factors that super-spreaders may share could inform outbreak models, and be used to guide contact tracing during outbreaks. METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and preprints to identify studies about people documented as transmitting pathogens that cause SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 to at least nine other people. We extracted data to describe them by age, sex, location, occupation, activities, symptom severity, any underlying conditions, disease outcome and undertook quality assessment for outbreaks published by June 2021. RESULTS: The most typical super-spreader was a male age 40+. Most SARS or MERS super-spreaders were very symptomatic, the super-spreading occurred in hospital settings and frequently the individual died. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders often had very mild disease and most COVID-19 super-spreading happened in community settings. CONCLUSIONS: SARS and MERS super-spreaders were often symptomatic, middle- or older-age adults who had a high mortality rate. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders tended to have mild disease and were any adult age. More outbreak reports should be published with anonymized but useful demographic information to improve understanding of super-spreading, super-spreaders, and the settings in which super-spreading happens.",2023,Jun,Ann Epidemiol,82,,66-76.e6,,10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.03.009,37001627,#16500,Brainard 2023,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2001-2018.",Mostafavi E; Ghasemian A; Abdinasir A; Nematollahi Mahani SA; Rawaf S; Salehi Vaziri M; Gouya MM; Minh Nhu Nguyen T; Al Awaidy S; Al Ariqi L; Islam MM; Abu Baker Abd Farag E; Obtel M; Omondi Mala P; Matar GM; Asghar RJ; Barakat A; Sahak MN; Abdulmonem Mansouri M; Swaka A,"BACKGROUND: Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are predisposed to highly contagious, severe and fatal, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), and re-emerging infectious diseases (RIDs). This paper reviews the epidemiological situation of EIDs and RIDs of global concern in the EMR between 2001 and 2018. METHODS: To do a narrative review, a complete list of studies in the field was we prepared following a systematic search approach. Studies that were purposively reviewed were identified to summarize the epidemiological situation of each targeted disease. A comprehensive search of all published studies on EIDs and RIDs between 2001 and 2018 was carried out through search engines including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. RESULTS: Leishmaniasis, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are reported from all countries in the region. Chikungunya, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), dengue fever, and H5N1 have been increasing in number, frequency, and expanding in their geographic distribution. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which was reported in this region in 2012 is still a public health concern. There are challenges to control cholera, diphtheria, leishmaniasis, measles, and poliomyelitis in some of the countries. Moreover, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHF), and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are limited to some countries in the region. Also, there is little information about the real situation of the plague, Q fever, and tularemia. CONCLUSION: EIDs and RIDs are prevalent in most countries in the region and could further spread within the region. It is crucial to improve regional capacities and capabilities in preventing and responding to disease outbreaks with adequate resources and expertise.",2022,Aug,Int J Health Policy Manag,11,8,1286-1300,,10.34172/ijhpm.2021.13,33904695,#16732,Mostafavi 2022,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Pandemic and hospital avoidance: Evidence from the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea.,Cho H; Kwon J,"Existing literature shows that people exhibit disease avoidance behaviors in response to contagious disease outbreaks. We examine hospital avoidance behaviors during the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. The outbreak provides an excellent setting for the analysis because unlike the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) situation, no mandatory lockdown was imposed during the outbreak, and the economic impact was also not large. Hence, reduced hospital visits are likely to reflect the public's intention to avoid hospitals to protect themselves from getting infected with MERS. Moreover, the outbreak did not spread to the entire country and vanished after a short period of time, allowing us to consider the affected regions as the treatment group and the other regions as the control group without much concern of confounding by other factors. The data come from a government agency, which assesses (national) health insurance claims made by hospitals, and hence cover all outpatient visits in the country. We find that people reduced outpatient visits by about 17% in response to the MERS outbreak, and the response was the most intense when new cases were reported most frequently.",2021,Jun,Econ Lett,203,,109852,,10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109852,33897074,#16957,Cho 2021,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +"Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Patients with SARS, MERS and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.",Lee KH; Yoon S; Jeong GH; Kim JY; Han YJ; Hong SH; Ryu S; Kim JS; Lee JY; Yang JW; Lee J; Solmi M; Koyanagi A; Dragioti E; Jacob L; Radua J; Smith L; Oh H; Tizaoui K; Cargnin S; Terrazzino S; Ghayda RA; Kronbichler A; Shin JI,"(1) Background: The use of corticosteroids in critical coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), or Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been controversial. However, a meta-analysis on the efficacy of steroids in treating these coronavirus infections is lacking. (2) Purpose: We assessed a methodological criticism on the quality of previous published meta-analyses and the risk of misleading conclusions with important therapeutic consequences. We also examined the evidence of the efficacy of corticosteroids in reducing mortality in SARS, MERS and COVID-19. (3) Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were used to identify studies published until 25 April 2020, that reported associations between steroid use and mortality in treating SARS/MERS/COVID-19. Two investigators screened and extracted data independently. Searches were restricted to studies on humans, and articles that did not report the exact number of patients in each group or data on mortality were excluded. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) under the fixed- and random-effect model. (4) Results: Eight articles (4051 patients) were eligible for inclusion. Among these selected studies, 3416 patients were diagnosed with SARS, 360 patients with MERS, and 275 with COVID-19; 60.3% patients were administered steroids. The meta-analyses including all studies showed no differences overall in terms of mortality (OR 1.152, 95% CI 0.631-2.101 in the random effects model, p = 0.645). However, this conclusion might be biased, because, in some studies, the patients in the steroid group had more severe symptoms than those in the control group. In contrast, when the meta-analysis was performed restricting only to studies that used appropriate adjustment (e.g., time, disease severity), there was a significant difference between the two groups (HR 0.378, 95% CI 0.221-0.646 in the random effects model, p < 0.0001). Although there was no difference in mortality when steroids were used in severe cases, there was a difference among the group with more underlying diseases (OR 3.133, 95% CI 1.670-5.877, p < 0.001). (5) Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis providing the most accurate evidence on the effect of steroids in coronavirus infections. If not contraindicated, and in the absence of side effects, the use of steroids should be considered in coronavirus infection including COVID-19.",2020,Jul,J Clin Med,9,8,,,10.3390/jcm9082392,32726951,#17034,Lee 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Comparing and Contrasting MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: Prevention, Transmission, Management, and Vaccine Development.",Oves M; Ravindran M; Rauf MA; Omaish Ansari M; Zahin M; Iyer AK; Ismail IMI; Khan MA; Palaniyar N,"The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for an unprecedented disruption to the healthcare systems and economies of countries around the world. Developing novel therapeutics and a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 requires an understanding of the similarities and differences between the various human coronaviruses with regards to their phylogenic relationships, transmission, and management. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that humans were first infected with SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and the virus rapidly spread from the outbreak epicenter in Wuhan, China to various parts of the world. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have now been identified in particular regions. It is apparent that MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 present with several common symptoms including fever, cough, and dyspnea in mild cases, but can also progress to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Understanding the molecular steps leading to SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and the viral replication cycle can illuminate crucial targets for testing several potential therapeutics. Genomic and structural details of SARS-CoV-2 and previous attempts to generate vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS have provided vaccine targets to manage future outbreaks more effectively. The coordinated global response against this emerging infectious disease is unique and has helped address the need for urgent therapeutics and vaccines in a remarkably short time.",2020,Nov,Pathogens,9,12,,,10.3390/pathogens9120985,33255989,#17061,Oves 2020,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Correction: Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015.,"",,2019,Jun,BMJ Open,9,6,e011865corr1,,10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865corr1,31175202,#17219,,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-24 21:03:10)(Select): Already in the sign-up sheet as #2277; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-17 00:41:30)(Screen): don't know what the rule is for corrections but want to make sure this is in; ,"" +"Systemic administration of glucocorticoids, cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, SARS, MERS or influenza: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.",Caiazzo E; Rezig AOM; Bruzzese D; Ialenti A; Cicala C; Cleland JGF; Guzik TJ; Maffia P; Pellicori P,"BACKGROUND: Administration of glucocorticoids might reduce mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 but have adverse cardiometabolic effects. OBJECTIVES: to investigate the effect of systemic administration of glucocorticoids on cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza. METHODS: We identified randomised trials published prior to July 28th, 2021. The Mantel-Haenszel random effects method and the Hartung and Knapp adjustment were used to obtain pooled estimates of treatment effect with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: No randomised trials of glucocorticoids for SARS, MERS or influenza reported relevant outcomes. We included eleven COVID-19 randomised trials (8109 patients). Overall, compared to placebo or standard care, glucocorticoids were not associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.09). In a pre-specified sub-analysis, in-hospital mortality was reduced by 19% when follow-up was restricted to 14 days from randomisation (5/11 trials, 1329 patients, p = 0.02). With longer follow-up (9/11 trials, 7874 patients), administration of glucocorticoids was associated with a trend to benefit for those requiring mechanical ventilation (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.57-1.27) but possible harm for those not receiving oxygen at randomisation (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.61), an effect that was significantly different amongst subgroups (p = 0.0359). Glucocorticoids reduced the risk of worsening renal function by 37% (4/11 trials); reported rate of other cardiovascular complications was low. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of systemic glucocorticoids to patients hospitalised with COVID-19 does not lower mortality overall but may reduce it in those requiring respiratory support and increase it in those who do not.",2022,Feb,Pharmacol Res,176,,106053,,10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106053,34979235,#17394,Caiazzo 2022,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Health risk assessment at mass gatherings: a report of the camel festival in Saudi Arabia.,Bieh K; ElGanainy A; Yezli S; Malik M; Jokhdar HA; Asiri A; Alotaibi B,"BACKGROUND: The King Abdel Aziz Camel Festival in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aims to showcase the socio-cultural and economic roles of camels in the Middle East, and attracts visitors from many countries in the Region. AIMS: Potentially, the gathering of large numbers of people and animals within a specified geographical area during the annual festival has important implications for public safety, health security and legacy. Thus, the Ministry of Health through the Global Center for Mass Gathering Medicine, Saudi Arabia, conducted a health risk assessment for the 2017 Camel Festival. This paper summarizes the risk assessment process and highlights the findings and recommendations of the risk assessment. METHODS: Using an all-hazard approach, the Jeddah tool (derived from the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office's health emergency risk assessment tool) was adapted to conduct the risk assessment. The tool stipulates that risk is directly proportional to the product of hazard magnitude and vulnerability and inversely related to capacity. RESULTS: External causes of morbidity and mortality, such as fires and road traffic accidents, were categorized as high risk hazards. In contrast, brucellosis, foodborne diseases and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome were ranked moderate risk hazards. Rift Valley fever was ranked low risk hazard. CONCLUSIONS: The camel festival risk assessment highlights the need for an all-hazard approach to mass gatherings risk assessment. There is a need for multi-sectorial collaboration to strengthen the existing capacity, including disease surveillance.",2019,Oct,East Mediterr Health J,25,9,647-655,,10.26719/emhj.18.071,31625590,#17504,Bieh 2019,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-29 07:18:31)(Screen): confirm not sero; ,"" +Multidimensional analysis of MERS-CoV infection in Jordan and the Arabian Peninsula.,Wang L; Wang Z,,2025,Apr,Lancet Microbe,,,101078,,10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101078,40209730,#17703,Wang 2025,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-27 01:00:39)(Select): correspondence; ,"" +Longitudinal Surveillance of COVID-19 Antibodies in Pediatric Healthcare Workers.,Hatabah D; Gupta SL; Mantus G; Sullivan P; Heilman S; Camacho-Gonzalez A; Leake D; Le M; Griffiths M; Norwood C; Shih S; Korman R; Maziashvili G; Rees CA; Benedit L; Wynn BA; Suthar M; Vos MB; Wrammert J; Morris CR,"Background: Vaccines against COVID-19 target the spike protein. There is minimal information on longitudinal COVID-19 immune profiling in recovered versus naïve and vaccinated versus non-vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal observational cohort of pediatric HCWs (pHCWs) conducted during 2020-2022 at an academic center, exploring the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers over time and cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43). Results: A total of 642 pHCWs initially enrolled, and 337 participants had repeat IgG titers measured post-vaccine and post-booster. Most participants were female, median age range of 31-40 years. Anti-spike was higher in all vaccinated individuals versus non-vaccinated (p < 0.0001) and naïve versus infected (p < 0.0001). A single dose of vaccine was sufficient to attain maximum titers in recovered participants versus naïve who received both doses of vaccine. Anti-spike titers dropped significantly at 9 months after the primary series, whereas sustained anti-spike titers were observed at 9 months post-booster. Conclusions: All vaccinated pHCWs developed antibodies to spike. COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination yielded antibodies that cross-reacted to SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43. Anti-spike titers were more durable post-booster compared to the primary series. Longitudinal immune profiling of COVID-19 responses provides vital data to shape public health policies, optimize vaccine strategies, and strengthen pandemic preparedness.",2025,Feb,Vaccines (Basel),13,2,,,10.3390/vaccines13020163,40006710,#18109,Hatabah 2025,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-18 00:15:03)(Select): I think this is exclusion. It shows cross-reactivity but not an X/Y sero that we would extract.; ,"" +Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study.,Hwang JH; Cho HJ; Im HB; Jung YS; Choi SJ; Han D,"BACKGROUND: The 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea was the largest event outside of the Middle East. Under such circumstances, individuals tend to resort to non-conventional solutions such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to manage health. Thus, this study aims to examine characteristics of CAM use among outpatients in a community hospital setting during the 2015 MERS outbreak and to assess potential predictors of CAM use during the epidemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 331 patients (response rate: 82.75%) at a community hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. The survey instrument included 36 questions on the use of CAM, demographic characteristics, health status, and respondents' perceptions and concerns about MERS infection. Chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS ver. 21.0., and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. RESULTS: 76.1% of respondents used one or more types of CAM modalities during the MERS outbreak. Consumption of easily accessible modalities such as multivitamin (51.2%) and food products (32.1%) was most popular, and the majority of CAM users relied on mass media (52.4%) and the internet (27.4%) to obtain information on CAM. The use of CAM was associated with age between 40 and 49, age over 50, prior CAM use, and dissatisfaction with the government response to the MERS outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: CAM was commonly used by outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea, and mass media was the main source of information. Establishing a media platform is of paramount importance to provide reliable information and ensure the safety of its use.",2020,May,BMC Complement Med Ther,20,1,147,,10.1186/s12906-020-02945-0,32404092,#18490,Hwang 2020,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; ,"" +COVID-19 and MERS Infections in Healthcare Workers in Korea.,Kang SK,,2020,Jun,Saf Health Work,11,2,125-126,,10.1016/j.shaw.2020.04.007,32382448,#19167,Kang 2020,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 02:01:57)(Select): editorial; ,"" +Estimation of the case fatality ratio of MERS epidemics using information on patients’ severity condition환자 상태 정보를 활용한 메르스 치사율 추정법,황선영; 오창혁,"The first patient of Middle East respiratory syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus infection in Korea was confirmed on May 20, 2015. After that, MERS spread over the country. In recent years, patients of MERS have been found around the Arabian Peninsula and the case fatality ratio of MERS in those area was been reported to range from 30 to 40%. In this paper, we estimate the case fatality ratio of MERS of Korea using data of 186 infections until December 1, 2015. In this study we propose a novel estimator of the case fatality ratio using information of the patients severity condition as well as records on the days of confirmation and death or recovery of the patient. By using publicly available data of the Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control, we evaluate a performance of the estimator and demonstrate a stability of the estimator from the early stage of the epidemic.",2016,,Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Sociaty한국데이터정보과학회지,27,3,599-607,KJD:ART002109068,10.7465/jkdi.2016.27.3.599,,#19924,황선영 2016,Exclusion reason: 2. Not in English; ,"" +Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A systematic literature review,"Dawson, P.; Morse, S.",,2016,,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES,53,,125-125,WOS:000440378400295,10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.310,,#20092,Dawson 2016,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; Christian Morgenstern (2025-05-30 00:01:41)(Select): looks like conference abstract; ,review +Mapping the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) related Research - A Scoping Review (2012-2023),"Hassan, Maya; Yarow, Halima; Mccabe, Ruth; Von Dobschuetz, Sophie; Khan, Wasiq; Barakat, Amal; Van Kerkhove, Maria D; Abu Bakar, Abdinasir; Abou El Naja, Hala","Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), is a zoonotic disease caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The purpose of this scoping review was to take stock of the empirical research evidence for MERS  CoV, map the information to priority research areas as set out in existing MERS-CoV research roadmaps, identify technical areas that received less attention and set recommendations for the advancement of MERS-CoV research.   Methods: We undertook a scoping review for MERS-CoV, comprehensively searching the three databases PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL for studies published between 1 January 2012 and 24 January 2023. Two reviewers screened studies and extracted data using a pilot-tested screening form. We categorized studies into priority research areas outlined in existing roadmaps and summarized the evidence available for each category.   Results: A total of 1,264 records were included in the review, assigned into pre-defined categories. 33% of the included records were molecular genetics studies, followed by therapeutic studies (17.6%) and pathogenesis studies (15.6%). We found that, while there has been a substantial research effort on MERS-CoV, many technical themes pertaining to the areas of animal, human, animal-human interface, and environmental research identified by FAO, WHO, and WOAH in the past have not sufficiently been addressed to date. This includes asymptomatic human cases role in transmission, human exposure risk from dromedary products, reinfection, analyses of camel value chain and production systems, and anthropological studies characterizing interactions at the animal-human interface, in addition to studies highlighting the role of environmental factors in MERS-CoV transmission.   Conclusion: Our study highlights the continued need for coordinated action to better prepare for, prevent, detect, and respond to MERS-CoV. Examples include the need for enhancing collaborative surveillance, accelerating the development of MERS-CoV medical countermeasures, strengthening community protection, reducing MERS-CoV transmission at healthcare facility level and reinforcing multi-sectoral coordination using the One Health approach.",2023,,medRxiv,,,,PPRN:86077385,10.1101/2023.11.08.23298197,,#20096,Hassan 2023,Exclusion reason: 7. not peer reviewed paper; ,"" +Existence of positive periodic solutions for a class of in-host MERS-CoV infection model with periodic coefficients,"Keyoumu, T; Ma, WB; Guo, K","In this paper, a dynamic model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with periodic coefficients is proposed and studied. By using the continuation theorem of the coincidence degree theory, we obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solutions of the model. The periodic model degenerates to an autonomous case, and our conditions can be degenerated to the basic reproductive number R-0 > 1. Finally, we give some numerical simulations to illustrate our main theoretical results.",2021,,AIMS MATHEMATICS,7,2,3083-3096,WOS:000727558300009,10.3934/math.2022171,,#20282,Keyoumu 2021,"Exclusion reason: 3. Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology, or transmission not the main focus; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 20:43:44)(Select): model is at cell-level; ","" +Qualitative aspects and sensitivity analysis of MERS-Corona epidemic model with and without noise,"Alqahtani, H; Badshah, Q; Sakhi, S; Rahman, GU; Gomez-Aguilar, JF","Background. MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) is a severe respiratory illness that poses a significant threat to the Arabic community and has the potential for global spread. In this paper, we present deterministic and stochastic models to study the dynamics of MERS infection within hosts. Objective. For the purpose of describing the dynamics of MERS transmission throughout host populations, a deterministic model is created. To gauge the likelihood of an epidemic spreading, the reproduction number is calculated. Furthermore, Lyapunov function theory is used to assess the stability of the deterministic model. In order to account for the intrinsic heterogeneity in the disease dynamics, a stochastic model is also developed. In order to verify the analytic conclusions and learn more about the behavior of the system, numerical simulations are carried out. Methods. Investigating the reproduction rate yields vital details about MERS's capacity to start an outbreak. The stability analysis based on Lyapunov function theory sheds light on the deterministic model's long-term behavior. The analytical results are supported by numerical simulations, which also provide a thorough insight into the dynamics of the disease. Conclusion. The deterministic and stochastic models for MERS infection inside hosts are thoroughly examined in this paper. Our knowledge of the dynamics of the disease and its potential for epidemic transmission is improved by the examination of the reproduction number and stability analysis. The combination of analytical and numerical approaches contributes to a more comprehensive assessment of MERS-CoV and aids in informing public health interventions and control strategies.",2023,,PHYSICA SCRIPTA,98,12,,WOS:001114058600001,10.1088/1402-4896/ad0bb6,,#20317,Alqahtani 2023,Exclusion reason: 5. no report of parameters (including seroprevalence and other measures of interest) or transmission models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 22:23:31)(Select): this is modelling cells?; ,"" +Do Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients Present a Higher Case-Fatality Rate Compared With Other Infectious Respiratory Pandemics? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,"Blumenfeld, O; Fein, S; Miller, A; Hershkovitz, Y; Caspi, I; Niv, Y; Keinan-Boker, L","Background Early reports on COVID-19 patient outcomes showed a marked fatality rate among patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Objective Our aim was to compare case fatality rate (CFR) outcomes for patients requiring IMV due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus 2 (COVID-19), SARS-associated coronavirus 1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza (H1N1). Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies published between December 2019 and April 2021 for COVID-19, between January 2002 and December 2008 for SARS, between January 2012 and December 2019 for MERS, and between January 2009 and December 2016 for influenza (H1N1). Results Overall, this study included 81 peer-reviewed studies, pertaining to 65,058 patients requiring IMV: 61 studies including 62,809 COVID-19 patients, 4 studies including 148 SARS patients, 9 studies including 875 MERS patients, and 7 studies including 1226 influenza (H1N1) patients. The CFR for COVID-19 patients requiring IMV was not significantly different from the CFR for SARS and influenza (H1N1) patients (45.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 38.5%-52.8%] vs. 48.1% [95% CI, 39.2%-57.2%] and 39.7% [95% CI, 29.3%-51.3%], respectively). However, CFR for COVID-19 patients was significantly lower compared with that for MERS patients (CFR, 70.6%; 95% CI, 60.9%-78.8%). Conclusions COVID-19 patients requiring IMV show a similar CFR compared with SARS and H1N1 influenza patients but a lower CFR compared with MERS patients. To improve survival in future pandemics, we recommend examining the pros and cons of the liberal use of endotracheal intubation and considering drafting guidelines for the selection of patients to intubate and the timing of intubation.",2022,,INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE,30,3,,WOS:000780306000001,10.1097/IPC.0000000000001134,,#20691,Blumenfeld 2022,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +Drivers of MERS-CoV Emergence in Qatar,"Farag, E; Sikkema, RS; Vinks, T; Islam, MM; Nour, M; Al-Romaihi, H; Al Thani, M; Atta, M; Alhajri, FH; Al-Marri, S; AlHajri, M; Reusken, C; Koopmans, M","MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus) antibodies were detected in camels since 1983, but the first human case was only detected in 2012. This study sought to identify and quantify possible drivers for the MERS-CoV emergence and spillover to humans. A list of potential human, animal and environmental drivers for disease emergence were identified from literature. Trends in possible drivers were analyzed from national and international databases, and through structured interviews with experts in Qatar. The discovery and exploitation of oil and gas led to a 5-fold increase in Qatar GDP coupled with a 7-fold population growth in the past 30 years. The lifestyle gradually transformed from Bedouin life to urban sedentary life, along with a sharp increase in obesity and other comorbidities. Owing to substantial governmental support, camel husbandry and competitions flourished, exacerbating the already rapidly occurring desertification that forced banning of free grazing in 2005. Consequently, camels were housed in compact barns alongside their workers. The transition in husbandry leading to high density camel farming along with increased exposure to humans, combined with the increase of camel movement for the racing and breeding industry, have led to a convergence of factors driving spillover of MERS-CoV from camels to humans.",2019,,VIRUSES-BASEL,11,1,,WOS:000459132000022,10.3390/v11010022,,#20931,Farag 2019,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); Thomas Rawson (2025-06-18 00:19:01)(Select): Useful info on camel seasonality; ,review +"Risk Factors for MERS-CoV Seropositivity among Animal Market and Slaughterhouse Workers, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2014-2017 (vol 25, pg 927, 2019)","Killerby, ME",,2019,,EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES,25,6,1254-1254,WOS:000470776900042,,,#21036,Killerby 2019,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-26 21:18:10)(Select): Duplicate with #15284. REJECT THIS ONE.; ,"" +"The Pathogenicity of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: A Comparative Overview","Shashank, MP; Prithvi, SS; Ramith, R","The ongoing detrimental consequences of SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 are attributable to its remarkable pathogenesis and modes of transmission. Originating from a common ancestor of the previous coronavirus outbreaks, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1, the former has been evolved in terms of its pathogenic mechanisms, routes of transmission and the extent of infection. The comprehensive evaluation of these modifications at the molecular level would reveal astonishing details about the extensive lethality of the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.Further, these details can be utilized for the development of effective and specific treatment methods. This review elaborates the comparative assessment of the viral characteristics of coronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARSCoV-2. With the comparative account, the study endeavours to leave a clear picture explaining the reason behind the extensive lethality of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.",2021,,RESEARCH JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY,16,1,182-192,WOS:000603405800024,,,#21075,Shashank 2021,Exclusion reason: 6. reports metrics from other papers (not original estimates or primary data); ,review +"Epidemiology and evolution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2012-2020 (vol 10, 66, 2021)","Zhang, AR; Shi, WQ; Liu, K; Li, XL; Liu, MJ; Zhang, WH; Zhao, GP; Chen, JJ; Zhang, XA; Miao, D; Ma, W; Liu, W; Yang, Y; Fang, LQ",,2021,,INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY,10,1,,WOS:000693219500001,10.1186/s40249-021-00898-1,,#22101,Zhang 2021,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-27 01:18:32)(Select): Correction to #13986. Remove this as duplicate; ,"" +"Epidemiology of a novel recombinant Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in humans in Saudi Arabia (vol 214, pg 712, 2016)","Assiri, AM; Midgley, CM; Abedi, GR; Bin Saeed, A; Almasri, MM; Lu, XY; Al-Abdely, HM; Abdalla, O; Mohammed, M; Algarni, HS; Alhakeem, RF; Sakthivel, SK; Nooh, R; Alshayab, Z; Alessa, M; Srinivasamoorthy, G; AlQahtani, SY; Kheyami, A; HajOmar, WH; Banaser, TM; Esmaeel, A; Hall, AJ; Curns, AT; Tamin, A; Alsharef, AA; Erdman, D; Watson, JT; Gerber, SI",,2019,,JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES,220,7,1235-1235,WOS:000490986500024,10.1093/infdis/jiz255,,#22478,Assiri 2019,Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Thomas Rawson (2025-06-18 00:02:14)(Select): Original paper is already included as #2383; Christian Morgenstern (2025-05-30 19:40:18)(Select): Erratum; ,"" +"Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015 (vol 7, e011865, 2017)","Alhamlan, FS; Majumder, MS; Brownstein, JS",,2019,,BMJ OPEN,9,6,,WOS:000471197000001,10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865corr1,,#22643,Alhamlan 2019,"Exclusion reason: 1. Duplicate; Ruth McCabe (2025-06-24 22:14:00)(Select): this is a correction to the original article which is included already #2277; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-17 00:42:26)(Screen): CFR, risk factors?; ",""