data.json

{
	"Arrays": {
		"pts": 8,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Why should you be careful when declaring arrays with too many dimensions?",
					"It will take too much memory",
					"Most modern computers cannot handle 5D calculations",
					"Modifying arrays above 4 dimensions requires a graphics card",
					"It is difficult to access and modify"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is a data structure?",
					"A structured method to declaring variables and storing it as data",
					"A programming structure designed to hold data",
					"Data that has become large enough to necessitate a custom hardware structure to support it",
					"The backbone of databases"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following languages are not 0-indexed?",
					"Python",
					"C++",
					"Java",
					"MATLAB"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following indices accesses the 1st element in a 0-indexed array?",
					"0",
					"1",
					"2",
					"-1"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What needs to be provided when an array is initialized?",
					"Data type and storage type",
					"Data structure type",
					"Data type and size",
					"Size and data structure"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "5",
				"info": [
					"frs",
					"What index is required to access the 4th element in an array?"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "10",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"arr = [5, 3, 2, 4, 1] <br>sum = 0 <br>for i in range(3): <br>    sum += arr[i] <br>print(sum)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "7",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"arr = [2, 5, 4, 3, 1] <br>print(arr[0] + arr[2] + arr[4])",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "11",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"arr = [3, 6, 10, 4, 2] <br>x = 20 <br>for i in range(2): <br>    x -= arr[i] <br>print(x)",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Automation": {
		"pts": 10,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the main reason why we automate things?",
					"Because it’s fun",
					"Because it’s not fun",
					"To spend less time on routine tasks",
					"To spend more time on routine tasks"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What types of tasks are most easily automated?",
					"Routine tasks",
					"Challenging intellectual tasks",
					"Skilled jobs like carpentry or plumbing",
					"Creative tasks"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following would be a task best suited for automation?",
					"cooking food",
					"talking to customers",
					"cleaning tables",
					"sending weekly paychecks to employees"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What does API stand for?",
					"Apple Programming Instance",
					"Application Port Initialization",
					"Application Programming Interface",
					"Anonymous Pilot Interface"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the main purpose of APIs?",
					"To track you and your data",
					"To allow developers to interact with applications",
					"To automate server maintenance",
					"To automatically respond to emails"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following is an example of automation?",
					"Scheduled Instagram posts",
					"Driving a car",
					"Writing a paper",
					"Playing an instrument"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is a background process?",
					"A process that outputs information to the user",
					"A website that tracks you in the background",
					"A process that does not require an internet connection",
					"A process that does not require user input"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following should not be run in a background process?",
					"Scheduled Twitter posts",
					"Video game",
					"Music",
					"Routine security checks"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Why is abstraction beneficial?",
					"It teaches us more",
					"It tells us how things work",
					"It makes it unnecessary to know exactly how things work",
					"It forces us to understand in detail how things work"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following is an example of abstraction?",
					"An engineer designing a spacecraft in detail",
					"A regular person driving a car ",
					"An accountant keeping track of all company expenses",
					"A student learning a complicated math topic"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"BFS DFS": {
		"pts": 16,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What does BFS stand for?",
					"Binary fast search",
					"Binary fast sorting",
					"Breadth-first search",
					"Binary-first sorting"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What does DFS stand for?",
					"Depth-following sorting",
					"Dearth first search",
					"Depth-first search",
					"Depth-fade sorting"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Will BFS prioritize closer nodes over further nodes?",
					"Yes",
					"No"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Will DFS prioritize closer nodes over further nodes?",
					"Yes",
					"No"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following will ALWAYS visit every reachable node in a graph?",
					"BFS",
					"DFS",
					"Both",
					"Neither"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following can reach nodes that are not connected to the start node?",
					"BFS",
					"DFS",
					"Both",
					"Neither"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Binary Search": {
		"pts": 15,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Sequential search has a better time complexity than binary search.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"The time complexity of binary search is logarithmic.",
					"True ",
					"False "
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"smc",
					"How is binary search implemented?",
					"Going through values sequentially",
					"Searching a sorted array by repeatedly dividing search interval in half",
					"Randomly picking values"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"How do you efficiently narrow down the amount of elements being searched?",
					"Divide the search space in half each time",
					"Double the search space each time",
					"Decrease search space by 1 each time",
					"Keep search space the same each time"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Binary search works when the array is ______",
					"Sequential",
					"Sorted",
					"Any of these",
					"Random"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"The maximum number of comparisons needed in binary search on array of size 32 is ____",
					"8",
					"5",
					"4",
					"16"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Binary search terminates when_____",
					"Starting index<ending index",
					"Starting index>=ending index",
					"Starting index<=ending index",
					"None of these"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"If the middle element is greater than the target value, then the binary search algorithm searches for the target in the second half of the array.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"smc",
					"How do you know if the element you are searching for is found?",
					"The while loop terminates",
					"The index is not returned",
					"The index is returned"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Binary search is ALWAYS faster than iterating through every element",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Booleans": {
		"pts": 10,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What are the two values that can be stored in a boolean variable?",
					"Good, Bad",
					"-1, 1",
					"Deprecated, Modern",
					"True, False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: The two possible answers for a true or false question can be stored as a boolean",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What three components make up an if-statement?",
					"The boolean, the loop, the if-statement",
					"If-statement itself, the body of code, the boolean",
					"A what-if clause, a noun, and a verb",
					"If-statement itself, the boolean, and a pointer to the code to run"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What differentiates an if-statement from an if-else statement?",
					"If the given boolean is true, the “else” code block is ran",
					"It has another body of code that runs only if the given boolean is false",
					"The else body of code runs only if the if-else statement matches the else-if statement",
					"They are the same"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "False",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code? (Note: Python capitalizes the first letter of a boolean’s value / uses “True” and “False”)",
					"a = True <br>b = 6 <br>c = 7 <br>if a: <br>    print(b==c)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "False",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code? (Note: Python capitalizes the first letter of a boolean’s value / uses “True” and “False”)",
					"a = 7 <br>b = 5 <br>c = 1 <br>if c: <br>    print(b>a)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "False",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code? (Note: Python capitalizes the first letter of a boolean’s value / uses “True” and “False”)",
					"a = 6 <br>b = 4 <br>c = False <br>if c: <br>    print(b>a) <br>else: <br>    print(a<b)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "3",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code? (Note: Python capitalizes the first letter of a boolean’s value / uses “True” and “False”)",
					"a = 4 <br>b = 2 <br>c = 7 <br>d = 5 <br>if d > c: <br>    if b < a: <br>        print(1) <br>    else: <br>    print(2) <br>else: <br>    print(3)",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Dynamic Programming": {
		"pts": 17,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is dynamic programming?",
					"Reusing the solution to repetitive subproblems to speed up computation",
					"Reusing memory locations in order to save space",
					"Changing the sizes of arrays",
					"Exploding, as dynamic sounds like dynamite"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What’s the abbreviation for dynamic programming?",
					"DyPr",
					"DY",
					"D.Y.N.A.M.I.C. P.R.O.G.R.A.M.M.I.N.G.",
					"DP"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What are the two criteria that must be filled to use dynamic programming?",
					"Optimal substructure and differentiated subproblems",
					"Recursion and storage",
					"Optimal substructure and overlapping subproblems",
					"Limited memory and memory locations"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"The Fibonacci sequence can be calculated quickly using dynamic programming.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What common technique can be optimized using dynamic programming?",
					"Top-down processing",
					"Recursion",
					"Automatically resizing arrays",
					"Too much free time"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"How many UNIQUE calculations will the Fibonacci sequence implemented make when calculating the 56th number in that sequence? (Disregard when the algorithm just calls storage for already calculated subproblems.)",
					"2",
					"28",
					"56",
					"84"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the purpose of dynamic programming?",
					"Capitalize on overlapping subproblems by only ever solving a subproblem once",
					"Run your program on a dynamically-allocated array, thus speeding up runtime",
					"Optimize collaborative programming through dynamic allocation of tasks",
					"Break down big problems into smaller subproblems until we eventually reach a base case"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Flood Fill": {
		"pts": 13,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is flood fill?",
					"Starting from one point and visiting other nodes by “filling” outward",
					"Starting from one point and processing everything about that point (i.e., “filling” up info on it)",
					"Overloading a system with as much data as possible",
					"Dumping water over your computer"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: flood fill can be implemented using BFS.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: Flood fill cannot be implemented using DFS.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following tools is most similar to flood fill?",
					"Straight-line drawing tool",
					"Bucket tool",
					"Spambot",
					"Color picker"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: Flood fill can help with filling a bounded region.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Starting from one node, in a standard flood fill which nodes should you visit?",
					"The node 2 to the right",
					"The node at the corners of the bounded region",
					"Every node that is NOT connected to the selected node",
					"Every node that IS connected to the selected node"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Functions": {
		"pts": 13,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which is the following NOT a benefit of using functions?",
					"Increases reusability",
					"Saves time",
					"Harder to debug",
					"Decreases complexity"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is a parameter in a function?",
					"Useless value",
					"Input",
					"Output",
					"Middleput"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"If a function has the “void” keyword in the function definition, what does it return?",
					"An integer",
					"A boolean value",
					"A decimal value",
					"Nothing"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Functions improve…",
					"readability",
					"shareability",
					"encapsulation",
					"all of the above"
				]
			},
			{
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the output of this code? <br> def foo(a, b): <br> return b+a <br> print(foo('how are you doing?','Hi, '))",
					"how are you doing?Hi,",
					"Hi, how are you doing",
					"Error: cannot add strings",
					"Hello World!"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "17",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"def foo(a, b, c): <br>    return a+b+(2*c) <br>    print(foo(3,4,5))",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "good day!",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Given the code and its output, fill in the blank:",
					"def foo(a, b): <br>    return a+b <br>print(foo('Have a ','_______'))",
					"> Have a good day!",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "8",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"def pow(a, b): <br>    return a**b <br>print(pow(2,3))",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "c",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Given this code and its output,fill in the blank.",
					"def foo(a, b, ____): <br>    return a+b+c <br>print(foo(3,4,5))",
					"> 12",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "return",
				"info": ["frs", "What keyword is used to exit a function forcibly?"]
			}
		]
	},
	"Game Making": {
		"pts": 4,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What website is a good place to start making games on?",
					"Codeforces",
					"Hackerrank",
					"Code.org",
					"Leetcode"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"frs",
					"The two main components to game design are ___________ and ____________. Seperate answers with a space"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What function does the design part serve?",
					"Codes the functionality of the game",
					"Erases unnecessary code",
					"Adds visuals to the game",
					"Nothing"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"frs",
					"The two ways to code your game in code.org are __________ and _____________. Seperate answers with a space"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What language is code.org based around?",
					"Python",
					"Java",
					"JavaScript",
					"C++"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Why is text mode recommended for more experienced programmers?",
					"Blocks are more visually appealing",
					"Syntax can be difficult to remember",
					"Text mode is more fun",
					"They’re the same"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Why is code.org beginner friendly?",
					"It codes the game for you",
					"It provides many useful built-in functions",
					"It has no ads",
					"It isn’t"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What does the “onEvent” function do?",
					"Runs whatever is inside the function when the event occurs",
					"Sets a timer for the event",
					"Runs whatever is inside the function regardless of what happens",
					"Nothing"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the final project in Ap Computer Science Principles?",
					"Make USACO platinum",
					"Create a game",
					"Create a replica of Minecraft",
					"Reach LGM on Codeforces"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 0,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"How can you get good at making games?",
					"Practice",
					"Have natural talent",
					"Doign Nothing",
					"You can't be good"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Google Maps": {
		"pts": 6,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What kind of graph is a map usually represented as?",
					"Undirected Unweighted Graph",
					"Directed Acyclic Graph",
					"Undirected Weighted Tree",
					"Directed Weighted Graph"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"An singular road with no intersections between two locations is represented as a _____",
					"Node",
					"Edge",
					"Cycle",
					"Path"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"A location on a map is represented as a _____",
					"Node",
					"Edge",
					"Cycle",
					"Path"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"A route (possibly consisting of multiple roads) between two locations is known as a _____",
					"Node",
					"Edge",
					"Cycle",
					"Path"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"An intersection point between two roads is represented as a _____",
					"Node",
					"Edge",
					"Cycle",
					"Path"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the primary difference between a shortest-path algorithm and a pathfinding algorithm?",
					"A pathfinding algorithm finds the longest route",
					"A shortest-path algorithm uses machine learning to determine the fastest route",
					"A pathfinding algorithm uses a heuristic to predict the fastest route",
					"A shortest-path algorithm tries every possible route"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which is the relationship between the performance of a shortest-path algorithm and a pathfinding algorithm?",
					"A shortest path algorithm is always faster",
					"A pathfinding algorithm is always faster",
					"A shortest path algorithm is usually faster in a realistic context",
					"A pathfinding algorithm is usually faster in a realistic context"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Graphs": {
		"pts": 7,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is a graph (in graph theory)?",
					"A function - y in terms of x, etc",
					"A function specifically in terms of time (something with respect to time, etc.)",
					"A collection of nodes connected by edges",
					"A collection of nodes"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What connects nodes in a graph?",
					"Edges",
					"Connections",
					"Links",
					"Bridges"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or false: you can go both ways across a bidirectional edge.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or false: you can go both ways across a directed edge.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is true about a graph theory tree?",
					"All edges are directed and pointed upward, like tree branches",
					"All edges are directed and pointed downward, like tree roots",
					"All edges are directed and point toward a center point, like how tree roots collect nutrients (maybe)",
					"The number of edges is exactly the number of nodes minus one"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What does DAG stand for?",
					"Directed anticlockwise graph",
					"Directed acyclic graph",
					"Dijkstra’s acyclic graph",
					"DAG acrylic graph"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Greedy": {
		"pts": 15,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is an algorithm?",
					"A mathematical formula",
					"A specific set of instructions",
					"A problem in your code",
					"The header of your code"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"The goal of a greedy algorithm is to",
					"Write the least lines of code",
					"Determine the globally optimal solution from locally optimal solutions",
					"Write the code in the shortest amount of time",
					"Make the most money from your code"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Where does the greedy algorithm get its name?",
					"The English word “greedy” has a similar meaning to what the algorithm does",
					"It created the word “greedy”",
					"It was randomly named",
					"It is an ironic name"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following is NOT a common real-world use case of greedy algorithms?",
					"Traveling-salesman problem",
					"Fast Fourier Transform",
					"Vertex cover",
					"K-center clustering"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Is there a set code to solve all greedy problems?",
					"Yes",
					"No"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following represents a greedy solution?",
					"Finding the largest sum of 3 elements from an array",
					"Sorting a list",
					"Finding connected components in a graph",
					"Printing the 3rd element of a list"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Greedy algorithms are often used in the real world to  _________.",
					"Produce a perfect, globally optimal solution",
					"Produce an approximate local solution",
					"Produce a perfect, locally optimal solution",
					"Produce an approximate global solution "
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Hello World": {
		"pts": 4,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following is not a reason most programmers start with the “Hello World!” program?",
					"Nokia Bell Labs holds a monopoly over introductory programming textbooks and forces all programmers to begin learning with it.",
					"It illustrates the basic syntax of a language.",
					"It is used to check that you have correctly installed your computer language",
					"It teaches programmers how to print things."
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What marks the entry point in Java/C++?",
					"The main function/method",
					"The first line",
					"The last line",
					"A line of code saying “THIS IS THE ENTRY POINT”"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Where does a program start running in Python?",
					"The main function/method",
					"The first line",
					"The last line",
					"A line of code that says “THIS IS THE ENTRY POINT”"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Why is printing a useful tool?",
					"You can use it for debugging regardless of what language or IDE you are running.",
					"Every programmer prints a lot.",
					"Most of your code will be print statements.",
					"It’s cool to print things to the console."
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "Hour of code",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What does this code print?",
					"print(“Hour of code”)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "Sushi!",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Given the output, fill in the blank in the code.",
					"print(“____”)",
					"> Sushi!",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Libraries": {
		"pts": 6,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is the purpose of libraries in programming?",
					"To help the programmer focus on big-picture ideas while relying on the library to execute the details",
					"To give programmers a reference tool that they can access to help them program",
					"To store programming books",
					"To help the programmer focus on the small details while relying on the library to make big-picture decisions"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Why do libraries need to be imported?",
					"Books overseas are often better than books at home",
					"It would be too resource-intensive to always load every library",
					"There was no way for programming language designers to include libraries’ features into the language",
					"It is difficult to use them by default"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: The string library is automatically imported in Python",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: Libraries are built by experienced developers and run all of its tasks as fast as possible.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Why are libraries inflexible?",
					"The laws of physics binds them to a single physical location as a building",
					"They are imported via HTTP protocol and cannot be modified under international law",
					"They hide their code away",
					"All computer programs must be inflexible to operate"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Why would a library be imported by default?",
					"The vast majority of applications use the library, so the programming language’s designers built the language to import the library by default",
					"To save space",
					"To save HTTP protocol bandwidth",
					"By definition, no library is imported by default"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Loops": {
		"pts": 10,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: Statement 1 in a for-loop is the same as the statement in a while loop.",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is the purpose of a for-loop?",
					"Running the same code multiple times",
					"Running the same code multiple times for each entry into the main function",
					"Looping through various parts of your code",
					"For all given loops, run the same code multiple times"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which statement in a for-loop can run more than once?",
					"Statement 1",
					"Statement 2",
					"Statement 3 and Statement 2",
					"Statement 1 and Statement 2"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is the order that the statements in the for-loop are initially executed?",
					"Statement 1, Statement 3, Statement 2",
					"Statement 3, Statement 1, Statement 2",
					"Statement 2, Statement 3, Statement 1",
					"Statement 1, Statement 2, Statement 3"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is the disadvantage to using while loops instead of for-loops?",
					"There are more statements",
					"It’s much easier to create an infinite loop",
					"There are less statements",
					"It doesn’t have any disadvantages"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is the disadvantage to using for-loops instead of while loops?",
					"It’s more complex because it requires more statements",
					"It’s less complex because it requires less statements",
					"It doesn’t have any disadvantages",
					"It’s much easier to create an infinite loop"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "-1",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"a = 0 <br>b = 1 <br>for i in range(5): <br>    a += b <br>    b -= a <br>print(a)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "15",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"a = 0 <br>b = 1 <br>for i in range(5): <br>    a += b <br>    b += 1 <br>print(a)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "-2",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"a = 1 <br>b = 2 <br>c = 3 <br>for i in range(3): <br>    a += b <br>    a -= c <br> print(a)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "1",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"b = 3 <br>a = 6 <br>for i in range(10): <br>    b += 1 <br>if b > a: <br>    print(1) <br>else: <br>    print(2)",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Maze Generation": {
		"pts": 9,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is true about trees?",
					"There is exactly one path between any two nodes",
					"There is exactly one cycle in the graph",
					"There are more edges than nodes in the graph",
					"There are at least two paths between any two nodes"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"If our tree represents a maze grid, how many edges can each node have?",
					"1 to 2",
					"0 to 4",
					"1 to 4",
					"2 to 4"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"If a tree has exactly 26 nodes, how many edges does it have?",
					"24",
					"25",
					"26",
					"27"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"If a graph has exactly N nodes, how many nodes will a spanning tree of that graph have?",
					"N - 2",
					"N - 1",
					"N",
					"N + 1"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"True or False: All maze generation algorithms generate equally random mazes",
					"True",
					"False"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which maze generation algorithm produces perfectly random mazes?",
					"Dijkstra’s algorithm",
					"Prim’s algorithm",
					"Recursive backtracking",
					"Wilson’s algorithm"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"OOP": {
		"pts": 14,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What does OOP stand for?",
					"Oriented-Object Programming",
					"Object-Oriented Python",
					"Object-Oriented Programming",
					"Object-Ordered Processes"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What two concepts does OOP encourage that makes it the most dominant programming paradigm?",
					"Code reuse, modularization",
					"Modularization, code rerunning",
					"Objects, Polymorphism",
					"Classes, flexibility"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following is not a feature of OOP?",
					"Classes",
					"Objects",
					"Integration",
					"Polymorphism"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is an OOP class?",
					"A way to organize objects using polymorphism",
					"A way to organize concepts that have certain ideas in common",
					"A fancy word that means integrating objects into classes",
					"A defining concept behind OOP"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is an OOP object?",
					"A variable under the OOP programming paradigm",
					"An instance of a class",
					"A class of an instance",
					"A class under the OOP programming paradigm"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What two components are part of every class?",
					"Polymorphism, Objects",
					"States, Objects",
					"Methods, Polymorphism",
					"States, Methods"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Which of the following is an implementation of a method within the class but with different parameters?",
					"Over-riding",
					"Over-loading"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"tf",
					"Which of the following is an implementation of the same method within a child class?",
					"Over-riding",
					"Over-loading"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is inheritance in OOP?",
					"A way to organize classes to store their differences more efficiently",
					"Passing variables between objects with a parent-child relationship",
					"Reallocating memory to a child object when a parent variable is deleted",
					"A way to organize objects to store their differences more efficiently"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Recursion": {
		"pts": 14,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is direct recursion?",
					"A function recurring throughout a program",
					"A function calling itself",
					"A function calling another function that eventually calls the first function",
					"A function that calls another function within it"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is a base case in recursion?",
					"A case where the function needs to call itself",
					"A case where the function needs to call another function ",
					"A case where we know the solution to the function",
					"A case that is based"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is a recursive case in recursion?",
					"A case where the function needs to call itself",
					"A case where the function needs to call another function ",
					"A case where the function should not call itself again and use some outside information",
					"Every case"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is indirect recursion?",
					"A function recurring throughout a program",
					"A function calling itself",
					"A function calling another function that eventually calls the first function",
					"A function that calls another function within it"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is the default Java stack limit (how many layers deep can a function call itself)?",
					"20",
					"1k",
					"10k",
					"5 MB"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What are the two components of every recursive function?",
					"Base case, recursive case",
					"Base case, indirect case",
					"Recursive case, direct case",
					"Indirect case, direct case"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What is a common problem you should watch out for when writing recursive functions?",
					"Missing semi-colons",
					"Infinite recursion",
					"Hard-to-read code",
					"Terminating too quickly"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "3",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"def foo(n): <br>    if n == 0: <br>        return<br>    elif n == 3:<br>        print(n)<br>else:<br>foo(n-1)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "aaaaaaaa",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"def foo(a, b):<br>    if b == 0:<br>        print(a)<br>    else:<br>        foo(a+a, b-1)<br><br>foo('a', 3)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "0",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"def foo(a, b):<br>    if b == 10:<br>        print(a)<br>    else:<br>        foo(a+a, b+1)<br><br>foo(0, 5)",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Sorting": {
		"pts": 16,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcc",
					"What is the output to this code?",
					"arr = [3, 6, 10, 4, 2] <br>arr.sort() <br>print(arr)",
					"Python",
					"[2, 3, 4, 6, 10]",
					"[10, 6, 4, 3, 2]",
					"Error",
					"[3, 6, 10, 4, 2]"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"How many operations does selection sort take to sort an array of size N (for logs assume base 2)?",
					"N * N",
					"N * log(N)",
					"log(N) * log(N)",
					"N"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"How many operations does merge sort take to sort an array of size N (for logs assume base 2)?",
					"N * N",
					"N * log(N)",
					"log(N) * log(N)",
					"N"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is an algorithm that is often combined with sorting to speed up a program significantly?",
					"Mandelbrot Set Algorithm",
					"Floyd-Warshall Algorithm",
					"Binary Search",
					"Bi-disjoint Search"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "7",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"arr = [1, 3, 4, 2, 5] <br>arr.sort() <br>print(arr[3] + arr[2])",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "10",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"arr = [4, 5, 1, 2, 3] <br>arr.sort() <br>arr[4] = arr[2] <br>arr[3] = arr[1] <br>print((arr[1] + arr[4]) * arr[3])",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "6",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of this code?",
					"arr = [3, 2, 4, 1, 5] <br>for i in range(4): <br>    arr[i] += arr[i+1] <br>arr.sort() <br>print(arr[4])",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Variables 1": {
		"pts": 6,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What do variables do in programming?",
					"Represent an unknown value",
					"Store data",
					"Act as a placeholder",
					"Randomize a signal"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following is not a component of a variable’s declaration?",
					"Data type",
					"Name",
					"Value",
					"Size"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcc",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"int a = 25; <br>int b = 20; <br>System.out.println(a/b);",
					"Java",
					"1.25",
					"1",
					"5/4",
					"Error: Not integer"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What do integer variables do in Java and C++ when they are given a non-integer value?",
					"Throw a “Not integer” error",
					"Round down",
					"Round to the nearest integer",
					"Round up"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "12",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"int a = 3; <br>a *= 4; <br>System.out.println(a);",
					"Java"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "10",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"int a = 2; <br>int b = 4; <br>a /= 2; <br>b += 6; <br>System.out.println(a*b);",
					"Java"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "3",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Fill in the blank in the code to produce the given output.",
					"int a = __; <br>int b = 2; <br>System.out.println(a*b*3);",
					"> 18",
					"Java"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "15",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Fill in the blank in the code to produce the given output.",
					"int x = __; <br>int y = 3; <br>System.out.println((x-y-6)*4);",
					"> 24 <br>",
					"Java"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Variables 2": {
		"pts": 5,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"What do variables do in programming?",
					"Represent an unknown value",
					"Store data",
					"Act as a placeholder",
					"Randomize a signal"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"Which of the following describes all of the components required in a Python variable declaration?",
					"Name, Value",
					"Name, Value, Data type",
					"Name, Data type",
					"Name, Value, Data type, size"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcc",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"a = 40 <br>b = 20<br>print(a/b)",
					"Python",
					"Error: Invalid Math",
					"2.0",
					"2",
					"Error: Not integer"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mc",
					"How to integer behave in Python when they are given a non-integer value?",
					"Throw a “Not integer” error",
					"They turn into the non-integer data type (called float or double)",
					"Round to the nearest integer",
					"Round down"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "0.5",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"a = 2 <br>a /= 4 <br>print(a)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "11.0",
				"info": [
					"fr",
					"What is the output of the following code?",
					"a = 2 <br>b = 4  <br>a /= 2 <br>b += 7 <br>print(a*b)",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "4",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Fill in the blank in the code to produce the given output.",
					"a = __ <br>b = 4 <br>print(a*b*3);",
					"> 48",
					"Python"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": "12",
				"info": [
					"fro",
					"Fill in the blank in the code to produce the given output.",
					"x = _ <br>y = 3 <br>print((x-y-6)*3)",
					"> 9",
					"Python"
				]
			}
		]
	},
	"Web Development": {
		"pts": 6,
		"questions": [
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What are the two branches of web development?",
					"HTTP and HTTPS",
					"Frontend and backend",
					"Fullstack and Node.js",
					"HTML and CSS"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following is not an example of a CSS-based framework?",
					"Reactstrap",
					"Materially UI",
					"Tailwind CSS",
					"Chakra UI"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 2,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"Which of the following is not a front-end language?",
					"HTML",
					"HTTP",
					"CSS",
					"JavaScript"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is a front-end framework?",
					"A design system that provides a template for web developers",
					"A package distribution system that developers use to design front-ends",
					"Pieces of code that make developing a website with complex features much more effortless",
					"Anything that isn’t one of the three front-end languages (HTML, CSS, JS)"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 4,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What do backend engineers work with a lot?",
					"User interface and experience",
					"Server hardware",
					"Graphics card engineering",
					"Databases"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 3,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is an example of a relational database?",
					"MongoDB",
					"Python",
					"MySQL",
					"Google"
				]
			},
			{
				"answer": 1,
				"info": [
					"mcq",
					"What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?",
					"SQL databases are easier to use but less scalable",
					"SQL databases are more difficult to use but more scalable",
					"SQL databases store data in sequence instead of randomly",
					"NoSQL supports random-access memory calls"
				]
			}
		]
	}
}