IO Assignment

1. What is Input and Output Stream in Java?
Ans: A stream can be defined as a sequence of data. The InputStream is used to read data from a source and
the outputStream is used for writing data to a destination.
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2. What are the methods of OutputStream4
   write() - writes the specified byte to the output streamO
   write(byte[] array) - writes the bytes from the specified array to the output stream
   flush() - forces to write all data present in the output stream to the destination
   close() - closes the output stream
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3. What is serialization in Java?
Ans: Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes to transfer it over a network or to
store it in a file or database. In Java, serialization is done by implementing the Serializable interface.
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4. What is the Serializable interface in Java?
Ans: The Serializable interface in Java is a marker interface that has no methods. It is used to mark classes that
can be serialized, meaning their object instances can be converted into a stream of bytes.
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5. What is deserialization in Java?
Ans: Deserialization is the process of converting a stream of bytes back into an object instance. This is done
after an object has been serialized.
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6. How is serialization achieved in Java?
Ans: Serialization is achieved in Java by implementing the Serializable interface. When an object is serialized, its
state is converted into a stream of bytes, which can then be transferred over a network or stored in a file or
database.
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7. How is deserialization achieved in Java?
Ans: Deserialization is achieved in Java by reading a stream of bytes and using them to recreate the original
object instance. This is done by calling the readMbject() method of an MbjectInputStream instance.
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8. How can you avoid certain member variables of class from getting Serialized?
Ans: Mark member variables as static or transient, and those member variables will no more be a part of
Serialization.
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9. What classes are available in the Java IO File Classes API?
Ans: The following classes are available in the Java IM API and are important to work with files in Java.
File
RandomAccessFile
FileInputStream
FileReader
FileMutputStream
FileWriter
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10. What is Difference between Externalizable and Serialization interface ?
Both Externalizable and Serializable are Java interfaces used for object serialization, which is 
the process of converting Java objects into a byte stream that can be stored or transmitted over a network. 
However, there are some key differences between the two interfaces:

Control over Serialization: The Serializable interface provides a default serialization mechanism in Java, where all non-transient fields of an 
                            object are automatically serialized. On the other hand, the Externalizable interface gives you complete control over
                            the serialization process, as you need to implement the readExternal() and writeExternal() methods yourself.
                            This means you can choose which fields to serialize or deserialize, and how they are serialized or deserialized.

Custom Serialization Logic: With Externalizable, you can write custom logic for serialization and deserialization, 
which allows you to optimize the process or handle complex scenarios, such as encrypting or compressing the serialized data.

Serializable, on the other hand, provides a default serialization mechanism that may not always be efficient or suitable for all use cases.

Size of Serialized Data: The serialized data generated by Externalizable tends to be smaller compared to Serializable, 
as it allows you to omit unnecessary data or perform custom compression. Serializable, on the other hand, includes additional
metadata and class information, which can increase the size of the serialized data.

Performance: Externalizable can offer better performance compared to Serializable in certain scenarios, 
as it allows you to optimize the serialization and deserialization process. However, this also means that 
you need to write custom serialization logic, which may require more effort and careful consideration.

Versioning: Externalizable allows you to define custom serialization logic for handling versioning of objects,
which can be useful when dealing with different versions of serialized data. Serializable, on the other hand, 
does not provide built-in support for versioning, which may require additional effort to handle versioning manually.