component-library-data.md

Component Library Data

Total parts catalogued: 74 Generated: 2026-05-11 Sources: All data sourced from manufacturer datasheets cited per-part. Follow-on: Implementation spec for these parts (TBD) will translate this catalogue into src/components/... classes.

Summary table

Class	Refdes	Primary package
ATmega328P	U	PDIP-28
ATmega2560	U	TQFP-100
ATmega32U4	U	TQFP-44
ATtiny85	U	PDIP-8
ATtiny84	U	PDIP-14
STM32F103C8T6	U	LQFP-48
STM32F411CEU6	U	UFQFPN-48
RP2040	U	QFN-56
ESP32_WROOM_32	U	SMD module (38-pad)
ESP8266_12F	U	SMD module (22-pad)
SN74HC00	U	DIP-14
SN74HC02	U	DIP-14
SN74HC08	U	DIP-14
SN74HC32	U	DIP-14
SN74HC74	U	DIP-14
SN74HC86	U	DIP-14
SN74HC138	U	DIP-16
SN74HC139	U	DIP-16
SN74HC151	U	DIP-16
SN74HC157	U	DIP-16
SN74HC165	U	DIP-16
SN74HC174	U	DIP-16
SN74HC273	U	DIP-20
SN74HC541	U	DIP-20
SN74HC595	U	DIP-16
LM358	U	PDIP-8
LM324	U	PDIP-14
TL072	U	PDIP-8
TL074	U	PDIP-14
LM741	U	PDIP-8
MCP6002	U	PDIP-8
OPA2134	U	PDIP-8
LMV358	U	SOIC-8
LM339	U	PDIP-14
TLV3401	U	SOT-23-5
LM311	U	PDIP-8
LM7805	U	TO-220
LM7812	U	TO-220
LM7905	U	TO-220
LM317	U	TO-220
LM337	U	TO-220
AMS1117_33	U	SOT-223
AMS1117_50	U	SOT-223
LP2950	U	TO-92
BC547	Q	TO-92
BC557	Q	TO-92
Q2N3904	Q	TO-92
Q2N3906	Q	TO-92
Q2N2222	Q	TO-92
Q2N7000	Q	TO-92
BS170	Q	TO-92
IRLB8721	Q	TO-220
IRFZ44N	Q	TO-220
TIP120	Q	TO-220
D1N4148	D	DO-35
D1N4001	D	DO-41
D1N4007	D	DO-41
D1N5817	D	DO-41
D1N4733A	D	DO-41
D1N4742A	D	DO-41
NE555	U	PDIP-8
LM386	U	PDIP-8
DS18B20	U	TO-92
DS1307	U	PDIP-8
MAX7219	U	PDIP-24W
TMP36	U	TO-92
BMP280	U	LGA-8
MPU6050	U	QFN-24
HCSR04	U	4-pin SIP module
MOC3021	U	DIP-6
OPTO_4N25	U	DIP-6
OPTO_TLP521	U	DIP-4
TLC5940	U	DIP-28
MAX232	U	DIP-16

---

Microcontrollers

ATmega328P — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 32 KB flash, 28-pin

• Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
• MFR P/N (primary): ATMEGA328P-PU
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-28, TQFP-32, MLF/QFN-32
• Pin map (primary package, PDIP-28):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	PC6 / /RESET	BIDIR (IN as /RESET)
2	PD0 / RXD	BIDIR
3	PD1 / TXD	BIDIR
4	PD2 / INT0	BIDIR
5	PD3 / INT1 / OC2B	BIDIR
6	PD4 / T0 / XCK	BIDIR
7	VCC	power_in
8	GND	power_in
9	PB6 / XTAL1 / TOSC1	BIDIR
10	PB7 / XTAL2 / TOSC2	BIDIR
11	PD5 / T1 / OC0B	BIDIR
12	PD6 / AIN0 / OC0A	BIDIR
13	PD7 / AIN1	BIDIR
14	PB0 / ICP1 / CLKO	BIDIR
15	PB1 / OC1A	BIDIR
16	PB2 / /SS / OC1B	BIDIR
17	PB3 / MOSI / OC2A	BIDIR
18	PB4 / MISO	BIDIR
19	PB5 / SCK	BIDIR
20	AVCC	power_in
21	AREF	power_in
22	GND	power_in
23	PC0 / ADC0	BIDIR
24	PC1 / ADC1	BIDIR
25	PC2 / ADC2	BIDIR
26	PC3 / ADC3	BIDIR
27	PC4 / ADC4 / SDA	BIDIR
28	PC5 / ADC5 / SCL	BIDIR

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-28_W7.62mm
• Description: 8-bit AVR RISC microcontroller with 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 1 KB EEPROM. The chip at the heart of the Arduino Uno.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 1.8–5.5 V (full 20 MHz at 4.5–5.5 V); active ~0.2 mA/MHz @ 1.8 V, ~9 mA @ 16 MHz/5 V; power-down <1 µA; absolute max V_CC 6.0 V, per-pin I/O 40 mA, total I/O 200 mA.
• Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ATmega48A-PA-88A-PA-168A-PA-328-P-DS-DS40002061B.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required) — Microchip does not publish a SPICE model; use a digital I/O behavioural macro or vendor-supplied IBIS.
• Notes: Pin 1 must be pulled to V_CC through a 10 kΩ resistor for normal operation; tying it low resets the part. AVCC must be connected (within 0.3 V of VCC) even if ADC unused. Internal 8 MHz RC oscillator allows operation without a crystal; fuses select clock source.

ATmega2560 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 256 KB flash, 100-pin

• Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
• MFR P/N (primary): ATMEGA2560-16AU
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TQFP-100, CBGA-100
• Pin map (primary package, TQFP-100):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	PG5 / OC0B	BIDIR
2	PE0 / RXD0 / PCINT8	BIDIR
3	PE1 / TXD0	BIDIR
4	PE2 / XCK0 / AIN0	BIDIR
5	PE3 / OC3A / AIN1	BIDIR
6	PE4 / OC3B / INT4	BIDIR
7	PE5 / OC3C / INT5	BIDIR
8	PE6 / T3 / INT6	BIDIR
9	PE7 / CLKO / ICP3 / INT7	BIDIR
10	VCC	power_in
11	GND	power_in
12	PH0 / RXD2	BIDIR
13	PH1 / TXD2	BIDIR
14	PH2 / XCK2	BIDIR
15	PH3 / OC4A	BIDIR
16	PH4 / OC4B	BIDIR
17	PH5 / OC4C	BIDIR
18	PH6 / OC2B	BIDIR
19	PB0 / SS / PCINT0	BIDIR
20	PB1 / SCK / PCINT1	BIDIR
21	PB2 / MOSI / PCINT2	BIDIR
22	PB3 / MISO / PCINT3	BIDIR
23	PB4 / OC2A / PCINT4	BIDIR
24	PB5 / OC1A / PCINT5	BIDIR
25	PB6 / OC1B / PCINT6	BIDIR
26	PB7 / OC0A / OC1C / PCINT7	BIDIR
27	PH7 / T4	BIDIR
28	PG3 / TOSC2	BIDIR
29	PG4 / TOSC1	BIDIR
30	/RESET	IN
31	VCC	power_in
32	GND	power_in
33	XTAL2	BIDIR
34	XTAL1	BIDIR
35	PL0 / ICP4	BIDIR
36	PL1 / ICP5	BIDIR
37	PL2 / T5	BIDIR
38	PL3 / OC5A	BIDIR
39	PL4 / OC5B	BIDIR
40	PL5 / OC5C	BIDIR
41	PL6	BIDIR
42	PL7	BIDIR
43	PD0 / SCL / INT0	BIDIR
44	PD1 / SDA / INT1	BIDIR
45	PD2 / RXD1 / INT2	BIDIR
46	PD3 / TXD1 / INT3	BIDIR
47	PD4 / ICP1	BIDIR
48	PD5 / XCK1	BIDIR
49	PD6 / T1	BIDIR
50	PD7 / T0	BIDIR
51	PG0 / /WR	BIDIR
52	PG1 / /RD	BIDIR
53	PC0 / A8	BIDIR
54	PC1 / A9	BIDIR
55	PC2 / A10	BIDIR
56	PC3 / A11	BIDIR
57	PC4 / A12	BIDIR
58	PC5 / A13	BIDIR
59	PC6 / A14	BIDIR
60	PC7 / A15	BIDIR
61	VCC	power_in
62	GND	power_in
63	PJ0 / RXD3 / PCINT9	BIDIR
64	PJ1 / TXD3 / PCINT10	BIDIR
65	PJ2 / XCK3 / PCINT11	BIDIR
66	PJ3 / PCINT12	BIDIR
67	PJ4 / PCINT13	BIDIR
68	PJ5 / PCINT14	BIDIR
69	PJ6 / PCINT15	BIDIR
70	PG2 / ALE	BIDIR
71	PA7 / AD7	BIDIR
72	PA6 / AD6	BIDIR
73	PA5 / AD5	BIDIR
74	PA4 / AD4	BIDIR
75	PA3 / AD3	BIDIR
76	PA2 / AD2	BIDIR
77	PA1 / AD1	BIDIR
78	PA0 / AD0	BIDIR
79	PJ7	BIDIR
80	VCC	power_in
81	GND	power_in
82	PK7 / ADC15 / PCINT23	BIDIR
83	PK6 / ADC14 / PCINT22	BIDIR
84	PK5 / ADC13 / PCINT21	BIDIR
85	PK4 / ADC12 / PCINT20	BIDIR
86	PK3 / ADC11 / PCINT19	BIDIR
87	PK2 / ADC10 / PCINT18	BIDIR
88	PK1 / ADC9 / PCINT17	BIDIR
89	PK0 / ADC8 / PCINT16	BIDIR
90	PF7 / ADC7 / TDI	BIDIR
91	PF6 / ADC6 / TDO	BIDIR
92	PF5 / ADC5 / TMS	BIDIR
93	PF4 / ADC4 / TCK	BIDIR
94	PF3 / ADC3	BIDIR
95	PF2 / ADC2	BIDIR
96	PF1 / ADC1	BIDIR
97	PF0 / ADC0	BIDIR
98	AREF	power_in
99	GND	power_in
100	AVCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_QFP:TQFP-100_14x14mm_P0.5mm
• Description: High-pin-count AVR with 256 KB flash, 8 KB SRAM, 4 KB EEPROM, 16 PWM channels, 4 UARTs. The Arduino Mega 2560 chip.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 4.5–5.5 V (16 MHz parts), 1.8–5.5 V (L variant, derated speed); active ~20 mA @ 16 MHz/5 V; power-down <1 µA; per-pin I/O 40 mA, V_CC absolute max 6.0 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-2549-8-bit-avr-microcontroller-atmega640-1280-1281-2560-2561_datasheet.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Five separate VCC/GND pairs must all be decoupled with 100 nF close to each pair. AVCC must be bridged to VCC through a ferrite/LC filter if ADC accuracy matters. /RESET requires 10 kΩ pull-up.

ATmega32U4 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller with USB device, 32 KB flash, 44-pin

• Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
• MFR P/N (primary): ATMEGA32U4-AU
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TQFP-44, VQFN-44
• Pin map (primary package, TQFP-44):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	PE6	BIDIR
2	UVCC	power_in
3	D_NEG	BIDIR
4	D_POS	BIDIR
5	UGND	power_in
6	UCAP	power_in
7	VBUS	power_in
8	PB0	BIDIR
9	PB1	BIDIR
10	PB2	BIDIR
11	PB3	BIDIR
12	PB7	BIDIR
13	/RESET	IN
14	VCC	power_in
15	GND	power_in
16	XTAL2	BIDIR
17	XTAL1	BIDIR
18	PD0	BIDIR
19	PD1	BIDIR
20	PD2	BIDIR
21	PD3	BIDIR
22	PD5	BIDIR
23	GND	power_in
24	VCC	power_in
25	PD4	BIDIR
26	PD6	BIDIR
27	PD7	BIDIR
28	PB4	BIDIR
29	PB5	BIDIR
30	PB6	BIDIR
31	PC6	BIDIR
32	PC7	BIDIR
33	PE2 (/HWB)	BIDIR
34	VCC	power_in
35	GND	power_in
36	PF7	BIDIR
37	PF6	BIDIR
38	PF5	BIDIR
39	PF4	BIDIR
40	PF1	BIDIR
41	PF0	BIDIR
42	AREF	power_in
43	GND	power_in
44	AVCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_QFP:TQFP-44_10x10mm_P0.8mm
• Description: AVR with built-in USB 2.0 full-speed device controller. The Arduino Leonardo / Micro / Pro Micro chip.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2.7–5.5 V (full 16 MHz at 4.5–5.5 V); UVCC 3.0–5.5 V; active ~10 mA @ 8 MHz/3.3 V, ~20 mA @ 16 MHz/5 V; absolute max V_CC 6.0 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-7766-8-bit-avr-atmega16u4-32u4_datasheet.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: UCAP pin needs a 1 µF ceramic to GND for the internal USB 3.3 V regulator. UVCC and VBUS must both be powered for USB operation. /HWB (pin 44) held low at reset enters the USB DFU bootloader — critical for board-side recovery.

ATtiny85 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 8 KB flash, 8-pin

• Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
• MFR P/N (primary): ATTINY85-20PU
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8, VQFN-20 (rare)
• Pin map (primary package, PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	PB5 / /RESET / ADC0 / dW	BIDIR (IN as /RESET)
2	PB3 / XTAL1 / CLKI / ADC3	BIDIR
3	PB4 / XTAL2 / CLKO / ADC2	BIDIR
4	GND	power_in
5	PB0 / MOSI / DI / SDA / AIN0 / OC0A	BIDIR
6	PB1 / MISO / DO / AIN1 / OC0B / OC1A	BIDIR
7	PB2 / SCK / SCL / ADC1 / T0 / INT0	BIDIR
8	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Tiny 8-pin AVR with 8 KB flash, 512 B SRAM, 512 B EEPROM, 4-channel 10-bit ADC. Common for one-shot embedded jobs and Digispark-class boards.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2.7–5.5 V (20 MHz parts), 1.8–5.5 V (V variant); active ~0.3 mA @ 1 MHz/1.8 V, ~5 mA @ 8 MHz/5 V; power-down <0.5 µA; per-pin I/O 40 mA.
• Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-2586-AVR-8-bit-Microcontroller-ATtiny25-ATtiny45-ATtiny85_Datasheet.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: PB5 is by default the /RESET pin; converting to GPIO requires burning the RSTDISBL fuse and thereafter the chip can only be reprogrammed with high-voltage serial programming. Internal 8 MHz RC oscillator + PLL gives 16 MHz without a crystal.

ATtiny84 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 8 KB flash, 14-pin

• Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
• MFR P/N (primary): ATTINY84-20PU
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, VQFN-20
• Pin map (primary package, PDIP-14):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	VCC	power_in
2	PB0 / XTAL1 / PCINT8	BIDIR
3	PB1 / XTAL2 / PCINT9	BIDIR
4	PB3 / /RESET / dW / PCINT11	BIDIR (IN as /RESET)
5	PB2 / INT0 / OC0A / CKOUT / PCINT10	BIDIR
6	PA7 / ICP / OC0B / ADC7 / PCINT7	BIDIR
7	PA6 / MOSI / SDA / OC1A / ADC6 / PCINT6	BIDIR
8	PA5 / MISO / DO / OC1B / ADC5 / PCINT5	BIDIR
9	PA4 / SCK / SCL / T1 / ADC4 / PCINT4	BIDIR
10	PA3 / T0 / ADC3 / PCINT3	BIDIR
11	PA2 / AIN1 / ADC2 / PCINT2	BIDIR
12	PA1 / AIN0 / ADC1 / PCINT1	BIDIR
13	PA0 / AREF / ADC0 / PCINT0	BIDIR
14	GND	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: 14-pin AVR with 8 KB flash, 512 B SRAM, 12 GPIO, 8-channel 10-bit ADC. Popular for small "smart sensor" projects needing more I/O than an ATtiny85.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2.7–5.5 V (20 MHz parts), 1.8–5.5 V (V variant); active ~0.3 mA @ 1 MHz/1.8 V, ~5 mA @ 8 MHz/5 V; power-down <0.5 µA.
• Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-7701_automotive-microcontrollers-attiny24-44-84_datasheet.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Like the ATtiny85, /RESET (PB3) can be repurposed as GPIO only by burning RSTDISBL — irreversible without HVSP. Use the internal RC oscillator (8 MHz/CKOUT) to free PB0/PB1 for GPIO.

STM32F103C8T6 — ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller, 64 KB flash, 48-pin

• Manufacturer(s): STMicroelectronics
• MFR P/N (primary): STM32F103C8T6
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): LQFP-48, LQFP-64, LQFP-100, LQFP-144, VFQFPN-36/-48
• Pin map (primary package, LQFP-48):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	VBAT	power_in
2	PC13	BIDIR
3	PC14 / OSC32_IN	BIDIR
4	PC15 / OSC32_OUT	BIDIR
5	PD0 / OSC_IN	BIDIR
6	PD1 / OSC_OUT	BIDIR
7	NRST	IN
8	VSSA	power_in
9	VDDA	power_in
10	PA0	BIDIR
11	PA1	BIDIR
12	PA2	BIDIR
13	PA3	BIDIR
14	PA4	BIDIR
15	PA5	BIDIR
16	PA6	BIDIR
17	PA7	BIDIR
18	PB0	BIDIR
19	PB1	BIDIR
20	VSS	power_in
21	VDD	power_in
22	PB2 / BOOT1	BIDIR
23	PB10	BIDIR
24	PB11	BIDIR
25	VSS	power_in
26	VDD	power_in
27	PB12	BIDIR
28	PB13	BIDIR
29	PB14	BIDIR
30	PB15	BIDIR
31	PA8	BIDIR
32	PA9 / USART1_TX	BIDIR
33	PA10 / USART1_RX	BIDIR
34	PA11 / USB D_NEG	BIDIR
35	PA12 / USB D_POS	BIDIR
36	PA13 / JTMS-SWDIO	BIDIR
37	VSS	power_in
38	VDD	power_in
39	PA14 / JTCK-SWCLK	BIDIR
40	PA15 / JTDI	BIDIR
41	PB3 / JTDO	BIDIR
42	PB4 / NJTRST	BIDIR
43	PB5	BIDIR
44	PB6	BIDIR
45	PB7	BIDIR
46	BOOT0	IN
47	PB8	BIDIR
48	PB9	BIDIR

• KiCad footprint: Package_QFP:LQFP-48_7x7mm_P0.5mm
• Description: 72 MHz ARM Cortex-M3 with 64 KB flash, 20 KB SRAM, USB FS device, 2× I²C, 3× USART, 2× SPI, 2× 12-bit ADC. The "Blue Pill" board chip.
• Operating voltage / current: V_DD 2.0–3.6 V (full 72 MHz at 2.7–3.6 V); run ~36 mA @ 72 MHz, sleep ~2 mA, stop ~24 µA, standby ~3 µA; absolute max V_DD 4.0 V; per-pin I/O 25 mA, total 150 mA.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103c8.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required) — IBIS published at the STM32F103C8 product page CAD resources.
• Notes: BOOT0 high + BOOT1 low at reset enters the built-in UART bootloader on PA9/PA10. Genuine STM32F103C8T6 has 64 KB flash but many parts in the wild are clones (CKS, CS32). USB pull-up is not internal — board must add a 1.5 kΩ pull-up on D+ (the "Blue Pill" gets this wrong; needs the R10 fix).

STM32F411CEU6 — ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller, 512 KB flash, 48-pin

• Manufacturer(s): STMicroelectronics
• MFR P/N (primary): STM32F411CEU6
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): UFQFPN-48, LQFP-64, LQFP-100, WLCSP-49
• Pin map (primary package, UFQFPN-48):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	VBAT	power_in
2	PC13-ANTI_TAMP	BIDIR
3	PC14-OSC32_IN	BIDIR
4	PC15-OSC32_OUT	BIDIR
5	PH0-OSC_IN	BIDIR
6	PH1-OSC_OUT	BIDIR
7	NRST	IN
8	VSSA	power_in
9	VDDA	power_in
10	PA0-WKUP	BIDIR
11	PA1	BIDIR
12	PA2	BIDIR
13	PA3	BIDIR
14	PA4	BIDIR
15	PA5	BIDIR
16	PA6	BIDIR
17	PA7	BIDIR
18	PB0	BIDIR
19	PB1	BIDIR
20	PB2 (BOOT1)	BIDIR
21	PB10	BIDIR
22	VCAP_1 (2.2 µF to GND)	power_in
23	VSS	power_in
24	VDD	power_in
25	PB12	BIDIR
26	PB13	BIDIR
27	PB14	BIDIR
28	PB15	BIDIR
29	PA8	BIDIR
30	PA9	BIDIR
31	PA10	BIDIR
32	PA11 (USB_OTG_FS_DM)	BIDIR
33	PA12 (USB_OTG_FS_DP)	BIDIR
34	PA13 (SWDIO)	BIDIR
35	VSS	power_in
36	VDD	power_in
37	PA14 (SWCLK)	BIDIR
38	PA15	BIDIR
39	PB3	BIDIR
40	PB4	BIDIR
41	PB5	BIDIR
42	PB6	BIDIR
43	PB7	BIDIR
44	BOOT0	IN
45	PB8	BIDIR
46	PB9	BIDIR
47	VSS	power_in
48	VDD	power_in

Centre exposed pad: connect to GND (VSS).

• KiCad footprint: Package_DFN_QFN:QFN-48-1EP_7x7mm_P0.5mm_EP5.6x5.6mm (VERIFY: closest match — also seen as UFQFPN-48-1EP_7x7mm_P0.5mm_EP5.6x5.6mm in some KiCad library versions)
• Description: 100 MHz ARM Cortex-M4 with FPU, 512 KB flash, 128 KB SRAM, USB OTG FS, SDIO, 3× SPI, 3× I²C. The "Black Pill" board chip.
• Operating voltage / current: V_DD 1.7–3.6 V (BOR off; 1.8 V min otherwise); run ~30 mA @ 100 MHz, sleep ~10 mA, stop ~42 µA, standby ~2 µA; per-pin I/O 25 mA, absolute max V_DD 4.0 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f411ce.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required) — IBIS at the STM32F411CE product page.
• Notes: VCAP_1 (pin 22) needs a 2.2 µF low-ESR ceramic to GND for the internal LDO — omitting it will brick the chip's core supply. Bottom centre EP is GND and must be soldered. Boots from system bootloader when BOOT0=1 at reset (USB DFU available).

RP2040 — Dual ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontroller, 264 KB SRAM, no internal flash, 56-pin

• Manufacturer(s): Raspberry Pi
• MFR P/N (primary): RP2040 (sole source: Raspberry Pi Ltd)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): QFN-56 (7×7 mm, 0.4 mm pitch)
• Pin map (primary package, QFN-56):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	IOVDD	power_in
2	GP0	BIDIR
3	GP1	BIDIR
4	GP2	BIDIR
5	GP3	BIDIR
6	GP4	BIDIR
7	GP5	BIDIR
8	GP6	BIDIR
9	GP7	BIDIR
10	IOVDD	power_in
11	GP8	BIDIR
12	GP9	BIDIR
13	GP10	BIDIR
14	GP11	BIDIR
15	GP12	BIDIR
16	GP13	BIDIR
17	GP14	BIDIR
18	GP15	BIDIR
19	TESTEN	IN
20	XIN	BIDIR
21	XOUT	BIDIR
22	IOVDD	power_in
23	DVDD	power_in
24	SWCLK	BIDIR
25	SWDIO	BIDIR
26	RUN	IN
27	GP16	BIDIR
28	GP17	BIDIR
29	GP18	BIDIR
30	GP19	BIDIR
31	GP20	BIDIR
32	GP21	BIDIR
33	IOVDD	power_in
34	GP22	BIDIR
35	GP23	BIDIR
36	GP24	BIDIR
37	GP25	BIDIR
38	GP26 / ADC0	BIDIR
39	GP27 / ADC1	BIDIR
40	GP28 / ADC2	BIDIR
41	GP29 / ADC3	BIDIR
42	IOVDD	power_in
43	ADC_AVDD	power_in
44	VREG_VIN	power_in
45	VREG_VOUT	power_out
46	USB_DM	BIDIR
47	USB_DP	BIDIR
48	USB_VDD	power_in
49	IOVDD	power_in
50	DVDD	power_in
51	QSPI_SD3	BIDIR
52	QSPI_SCLK	BIDIR
53	QSPI_SD0	BIDIR
54	QSPI_SD2	BIDIR
55	QSPI_SD1	BIDIR
56	QSPI_SS_N	BIDIR

Centre exposed pad: connect to GND.

• KiCad footprint: Package_DFN_QFN:QFN-56-1EP_7x7mm_P0.4mm_EP3.2x3.2mm (VERIFY: precise EP size depends on KiCad library version)
• Description: Dual-core Cortex-M0+ @ 133 MHz, 264 KB SRAM, no on-die flash (uses external QSPI flash via XIP), 8 programmable I/O state machines (PIO), USB 1.1 host/device. The Raspberry Pi Pico chip.
• Operating voltage / current: IOVDD 1.8–3.3 V, USB_VDD 3.3 V, DVDD 1.1 V (internally regulated); typical 25 mA active, 0.4 mA dormant, 180 µA sleep; absolute max IOVDD 3.63 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Six IOVDD pins must each be decoupled with a 100 nF cap. Two DVDD pins likewise each need 100 nF plus one 1 µF bulk. Internal VREG output (DVDD) must not be loaded externally. Boots into BOOTSEL mode if QSPI_SS_N is held low at reset — the standard Pico bootloader trick.

ESP32_WROOM_32 — Wi-Fi + Bluetooth module with ESP32-D0WDQ6, 4 MB flash, 38-pad

• Manufacturer(s): Espressif Systems
• MFR P/N (primary): ESP32-WROOM-32E (current production)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): SMD module, 18×25.5×3.1 mm, 38 castellated pads
• Pin map (38-pin variant; see datasheet §2.2 / Table 3):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	3V3	power_in
3	EN (CHIP_PU)	IN
4	SENSOR_VP / GPIO36 / ADC1_CH0	IN (input-only)
5	SENSOR_VN / GPIO39 / ADC1_CH3	IN (input-only)
6	GPIO34 / ADC1_CH6	IN (input-only)
7	GPIO35 / ADC1_CH7	IN (input-only)
8	GPIO32 / ADC1_CH4 / XTAL_32K_P	BIDIR
9	GPIO33 / ADC1_CH5 / XTAL_32K_N	BIDIR
10	GPIO25 / DAC_1 / ADC2_CH8	BIDIR
11	GPIO26 / DAC_2 / ADC2_CH9	BIDIR
12	GPIO27 / ADC2_CH7	BIDIR
13	GPIO14 / ADC2_CH6 / MTMS	BIDIR
14	GPIO12 / ADC2_CH5 / MTDI	BIDIR
15	GND	power_in
16	GPIO13 / ADC2_CH4 / MTCK	BIDIR
17	SD2 / GPIO9 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
18	SD3 / GPIO10 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
19	CMD / GPIO11 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
20	CLK / GPIO6 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
21	SD0 / GPIO7 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
22	SD1 / GPIO8 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
23	GPIO15 / ADC2_CH3 / MTDO	BIDIR
24	GPIO2 / ADC2_CH2	BIDIR
25	GPIO0 / ADC2_CH1 (boot strap)	BIDIR
26	GPIO4 / ADC2_CH0	BIDIR
27	GPIO16 / U2_RXD	BIDIR
28	GPIO17 / U2_TXD	BIDIR
29	GPIO5 / VSPI_SS	BIDIR
30	GPIO18 / VSPI_SCK	BIDIR
31	GPIO19 / VSPI_MISO	BIDIR
32	NC	NC
33	GPIO21 / I2C_SDA	BIDIR
34	RXD0 / GPIO3	BIDIR
35	TXD0 / GPIO1	BIDIR
36	GPIO22 / I2C_SCL	BIDIR
37	GPIO23 / VSPI_MOSI	BIDIR
38	GND	power_in

• KiCad footprint: RF_Module:ESP32-WROOM-32
• Description: 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n + Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR & BLE module built around the dual-core ESP32-D0WDQ6 SoC, with integrated 4 MB SPI flash and PCB antenna.
• Operating voltage / current: V_DD 3.0–3.6 V (3.3 V nominal); typical 80 mA continuous, Wi-Fi TX peak ~500 mA (need a supply rated ≥ 600 mA), deep sleep 10 µA.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-wroom-32_datasheet_en.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Pins 17–22 are wired to the internal SPI flash — do not route them out. GPIO0 must be high at boot for normal operation, low to enter the UART download bootloader. EN needs a 10 kΩ pull-up plus a 1 µF reset capacitor for reliable startup. Antenna keep-out is mandatory under the module antenna section.

ESP8266_12F — Wi-Fi module with ESP8266EX, 4 MB flash, 22-pad

• Manufacturer(s): Ai-Thinker (module); silicon by Espressif Systems
• MFR P/N (primary): ESP-12F
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): SMD module, 16×24×3 mm, 22 castellated pads (2 mm pitch)
• Pin map (22-pad module):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	RST	IN
2	ADC / TOUT	IN (input-only, 0–1.0 V)
3	EN / CH_PD	IN
4	GPIO16 / WAKE	BIDIR
5	GPIO14 / HSPI_CLK	BIDIR
6	GPIO12 / HSPI_MISO	BIDIR
7	GPIO13 / HSPI_MOSI / RXD2	BIDIR
8	VCC (3.3 V)	power_in
9	CS0 / GPIO15 (boot strap, must be low)	BIDIR
10	MISO / GPIO2 (boot strap, must be high)	BIDIR
11	GPIO0 (boot strap: high=run, low=flash)	BIDIR
12	MOSI / GPIO4	BIDIR
13	SCLK / GPIO5	BIDIR
14	GND	power_in
15	GPIO10 / SDD3 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
16	GPIO9 / SDD2 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
17	GPIO11 / SDCMD (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
18	GPIO6 / SDCLK (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
19	GPIO7 / SDD0 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
20	GPIO8 / SDD1 (internal flash)	BIDIR (avoid)
21	RXD / GPIO3	BIDIR
22	TXD / GPIO1	BIDIR

• KiCad footprint: RF_Module:ESP-12E (VERIFY: ESP-12F shares the ESP-12E pad layout; some KiCad library versions also expose RF_Module:ESP-12F directly)
• Description: 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n module built around the ESP8266EX SoC with 4 MB SPI flash and PCB antenna.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 3.0–3.6 V; typical 80 mA continuous, TX peak ~300 mA (provide ≥ 500 mA supply with bulk cap), deep sleep ~20 µA.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ai-thinker.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESP-12F.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Boot straps are unforgiving — GPIO15 LOW, GPIO2 and GPIO0 HIGH at reset for normal operation. Pins 15–20 are bonded to internal SPI flash; never drive them. ADC input is 0–1.0 V (not 0–3.3 V) on the bare chip. Supply must withstand TX bursts.

---

74HC Logic Family

SN74HC00 — Quad 2-input NAND gate

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC00N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1A	IN
2	1B	IN
3	1Y	OUT
4	2A	IN
5	2B	IN
6	2Y	OUT
7	GND	power_in
8	3Y	OUT
9	3A	IN
10	3B	IN
11	4Y	OUT
12	4A	IN
13	4B	IN
14	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Four independent 2-input NAND gates. Output is LOW only when both inputs are HIGH.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V (±25 mA absolute max per output)
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc00.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC00 (TI PSpice model available)
• Notes: All unused inputs must be tied to V_CC or GND — floating CMOS inputs draw shoot-through current and oscillate.

SN74HC02 — Quad 2-input NOR gate

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC02N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1Y	OUT
2	1A	IN
3	1B	IN
4	2Y	OUT
5	2A	IN
6	2B	IN
7	GND	power_in
8	3A	IN
9	3B	IN
10	3Y	OUT
11	4A	IN
12	4B	IN
13	4Y	OUT
14	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Four independent 2-input NOR gates. Output is HIGH only when both inputs are LOW.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc02.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC02
• Notes: Pinout differs from HC00 — outputs on pins 1/4/10/13, not 3/6/8/11. Tie unused inputs.

SN74HC08 — Quad 2-input AND gate

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC08N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1A	IN
2	1B	IN
3	1Y	OUT
4	2A	IN
5	2B	IN
6	2Y	OUT
7	GND	power_in
8	3Y	OUT
9	3A	IN
10	3B	IN
11	4Y	OUT
12	4A	IN
13	4B	IN
14	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Four independent 2-input AND gates. Output is HIGH only when both inputs are HIGH.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc08.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC08
• Notes: Same pinout as HC00/HC32/HC86. Tie unused inputs.

SN74HC32 — Quad 2-input OR gate

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC32N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1A	IN
2	1B	IN
3	1Y	OUT
4	2A	IN
5	2B	IN
6	2Y	OUT
7	GND	power_in
8	3Y	OUT
9	3A	IN
10	3B	IN
11	4Y	OUT
12	4A	IN
13	4B	IN
14	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Four independent 2-input OR gates. Output is HIGH when either input is HIGH.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc32.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC32
• Notes: Same pinout as HC00/HC08/HC86. Tie unused inputs.

SN74HC74 — Dual D-type flip-flop with preset and clear

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC74N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1CLR	IN
2	1D	IN
3	1CLK	IN
4	1PRE	IN
5	1Q	OUT
6	1Q_BAR	OUT
7	GND	power_in
8	2Q_BAR	OUT
9	2Q	OUT
10	2PRE	IN
11	2CLK	IN
12	2D	IN
13	2CLR	IN
14	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Two positive-edge-triggered D flip-flops with asynchronous active-LOW preset and clear inputs.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc74.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC74
• Notes: PRE and CLR are active-LOW and asynchronous; asserting both simultaneously is a forbidden state. Tie unused PRE/CLR HIGH.

SN74HC86 — Quad 2-input XOR gate

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC86N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1A	IN
2	1B	IN
3	1Y	OUT
4	2A	IN
5	2B	IN
6	2Y	OUT
7	GND	power_in
8	3Y	OUT
9	3A	IN
10	3B	IN
11	4Y	OUT
12	4A	IN
13	4B	IN
14	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Four independent 2-input exclusive-OR gates. Output is HIGH when inputs differ.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc86.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC86
• Notes: Useful as a controlled inverter (B=1 inverts A).

SN74HC138 — 3-to-8 line decoder/demultiplexer

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC138N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	A	IN
2	B	IN
3	C	IN
4	G2A	IN
5	G2B	IN
6	G1	IN
7	Y7	OUT
8	GND	power_in
9	Y6	OUT
10	Y5	OUT
11	Y4	OUT
12	Y3	OUT
13	Y2	OUT
14	Y1	OUT
15	Y0	OUT
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: 3-to-8 line decoder. Decodes a 3-bit address (A,B,C) to one of eight active-LOW outputs when enabled.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc138.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC138
• Notes: Outputs are active-LOW. Enable requires G1=HIGH AND G2A=G2B=LOW; otherwise all outputs HIGH.

SN74HC139 — Dual 2-to-4 line decoder/demultiplexer

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC139N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	1G	IN
2	1A	IN
3	1B	IN
4	1Y0	OUT
5	1Y1	OUT
6	1Y2	OUT
7	1Y3	OUT
8	GND	power_in
9	2Y3	OUT
10	2Y2	OUT
11	2Y1	OUT
12	2Y0	OUT
13	2B	IN
14	2A	IN
15	2G	IN
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: Two independent 2-to-4 line decoders, each with active-LOW enable.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc139.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC139
• Notes: Outputs and enables active-LOW. When G is HIGH all four Y outputs are HIGH.

SN74HC151 — 8-to-1 data selector/multiplexer

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC151N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	D3	IN
2	D2	IN
3	D1	IN
4	D0	IN
5	Y	OUT
6	W	OUT
7	G	IN
8	GND	power_in
9	C	IN
10	B	IN
11	A	IN
12	D7	IN
13	D6	IN
14	D5	IN
15	D4	IN
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: 8-input multiplexer with complementary outputs. Y is selected, W is inverted.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc151.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC151
• Notes: Enable G is active-LOW; when G=HIGH, Y is forced LOW and W is HIGH.

SN74HC157 — Quad 2-to-1 data selector/multiplexer

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC157N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	A/B	IN
2	1A	IN
3	1B	IN
4	1Y	OUT
5	2A	IN
6	2B	IN
7	2Y	OUT
8	GND	power_in
9	3Y	OUT
10	3B	IN
11	3A	IN
12	4Y	OUT
13	4B	IN
14	4A	IN
15	G	IN
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: Four 2-input multiplexers with common select and active-LOW enable. Non-inverting (use HC158 for inverting).
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc157.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC157
• Notes: Enable G is active-LOW; when G=HIGH all Y outputs are LOW.

SN74HC165 — 8-bit parallel-load shift register (parallel-to-serial)

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC165N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	SH/LD	IN
2	CLK	IN
3	E	IN
4	F	IN
5	G	IN
6	H	IN
7	QH_BAR	OUT
8	GND	power_in
9	QH	OUT
10	SER	IN
11	A	IN
12	B	IN
13	C	IN
14	D	IN
15	CLK_INH	IN
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: 8-bit parallel-load shift register. SH/LD LOW loads A–H; HIGH shifts toward QH on each rising clock edge.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc165.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC165
• Notes: CLK_INH must be LOW to enable clocking. SH/LD is asynchronous parallel load — hold HIGH during shifting.

SN74HC174 — Hex D-type flip-flop with common clock and clear

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC174N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	CLR	IN
2	1Q	OUT
3	1D	IN
4	2D	IN
5	2Q	OUT
6	3D	IN
7	3Q	OUT
8	GND	power_in
9	CLK	IN
10	4Q	OUT
11	4D	IN
12	5Q	OUT
13	5D	IN
14	6D	IN
15	6Q	OUT
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: Six positive-edge-triggered D flip-flops with common clock and common asynchronous active-LOW clear.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc174.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC174
• Notes: CLR active-LOW and asynchronous — tie HIGH if unused. No Q_bar outputs.

SN74HC273 — Octal D-type flip-flop with common clock and clear

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC273N (DIP-20)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-20 (N), SOIC-20 (DW), TSSOP-20 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	CLR	IN
2	1Q	OUT
3	1D	IN
4	2D	IN
5	2Q	OUT
6	3Q	OUT
7	3D	IN
8	4D	IN
9	4Q	OUT
10	GND	power_in
11	CLK	IN
12	5Q	OUT
13	5D	IN
14	6D	IN
15	6Q	OUT
16	7Q	OUT
17	7D	IN
18	8D	IN
19	8Q	OUT
20	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-20_W7.62mm
• Description: Eight D flip-flops sharing common clock and async active-LOW clear.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc273.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC273
• Notes: No output-enable — outputs always driven (not bus-compatible without external buffer).

SN74HC541 — Octal buffer/line driver with 3-state outputs

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC541N (DIP-20)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-20 (N), SOIC-20 (DW), SSOP-20 (DB), TSSOP-20 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OE1	IN
2	A1	IN
3	A2	IN
4	A3	IN
5	A4	IN
6	A5	IN
7	A6	IN
8	A7	IN
9	A8	IN
10	GND	power_in
11	Y8	OUT
12	Y7	OUT
13	Y6	OUT
14	Y5	OUT
15	Y4	OUT
16	Y3	OUT
17	Y2	OUT
18	Y1	OUT
19	OE2	IN
20	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-20_W7.62mm
• Description: Octal non-inverting buffer with 3-state outputs. Drives Y=A when both active-LOW OEs are asserted; otherwise Hi-Z.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±7.8 mA at 4.5 V
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc541.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC541
• Notes: Both OE1 AND OE2 must be LOW to enable outputs. Inputs and outputs on opposite sides for clean PCB layout.

SN74HC595 — 8-bit serial-in/parallel-out shift register with output latch

• Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
• MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC595N (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	QB	OUT
2	QC	OUT
3	QD	OUT
4	QE	OUT
5	QF	OUT
6	QG	OUT
7	QH	OUT
8	GND	power_in
9	QH_PRIME	OUT
10	SRCLR	IN
11	SRCLK	IN
12	RCLK	IN
13	OE	IN
14	SER	IN
15	QA	OUT
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: 8-bit serial-in shift register feeding an 8-bit storage register with 3-state parallel outputs. Daisy-chainable via QH'.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V (±35 mA absolute max per output)
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc595.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC595
• Notes: SRCLK shifts data; RCLK transfers shift→storage. SRCLR active-LOW (clears shift register only). OE active-LOW for parallel outputs. Tie SRCLR HIGH and OE LOW for typical use.

---

Op-Amps

LM358 — Dual single-supply low-power bipolar op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics, Diodes Inc.
• MFR P/N (primary): LM358P (DIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8, VSSOP-8
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	V_GND	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	V_POS	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Dual bipolar op-amp for single-supply operation with inputs that include ground. GBW ~1.1 MHz, NOT rail-to-rail.
• Operating voltage / current: 3 V to 32 V single (or ±1.5 V to ±16 V split); Iq ~0.7 mA total; Vos ~2 mV typ, 7 mV max.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm358.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM358 (TINA-TI model)
• Notes: Single-supply OK (input CM includes ground). NOT rail-to-rail. Crossover distortion in Class-B output stage — pull output to V- with resistor for audio.

LM324 — Quad single-supply low-power bipolar op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics, Diodes Inc.
• MFR P/N (primary): LM324N (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-14):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	V_POS	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	OUT3	OUT
9	IN3_NEG	IN
10	IN3_POS	IN
11	V_GND	power_in
12	IN4_POS	IN
13	IN4_NEG	IN
14	OUT4	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Quad version of LM358 — bipolar, single-supply-capable. GBW ~1.2 MHz, NOT rail-to-rail.
• Operating voltage / current: 3 V to 32 V single (or ±1.5 V to ±16 V split); Iq ~1.2 mA total; Vos ~2 mV typ, 7 mV max.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm324.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM324
• Notes: V+ on pin 4, GND on pin 11 — opposite of TL074/quad-JFET pinout!

TL072 — Dual low-noise JFET-input op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics
• MFR P/N (primary): TL072CP (DIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	V_NEG	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	V_POS	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Dual JFET-input op-amp, low noise, popular for audio. GBW ~3 MHz, slew rate 13 V/µs.
• Operating voltage / current: ±2.25 V to ±18 V split, or 4.5 V to 36 V single; Iq ~1.4 mA/ch; Vos ~3 mV typ, 10 mV max.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl072.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/TL072
• Notes: JFET inputs — ultra-high Zin (~10¹² Ω), low bias (~30 pA). Output cannot reach rails (~1.5 V headroom). Watch for phase reversal if input exceeds CM range (TL072H is phase-reversal-free).

TL074 — Quad low-noise JFET-input op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics
• MFR P/N (primary): TL074CN (DIP-14)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-14):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	V_POS	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	OUT3	OUT
9	IN3_NEG	IN
10	IN3_POS	IN
11	V_NEG	power_in
12	IN4_POS	IN
13	IN4_NEG	IN
14	OUT4	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Quad version of TL072 — JFET-input, audio-grade. GBW ~3 MHz, slew rate 13 V/µs.
• Operating voltage / current: ±2.25 V to ±18 V split or 4.5–36 V single; Iq ~1.4 mA/ch (~5.6 mA total); Vos ~3 mV typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/TL074
• Notes: Standard quad pinout (V+ pin 4, V- pin 11). Use TL074H variant for phase-reversal-free operation.

LM741 — Classic single bipolar op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics
• MFR P/N (primary): LM741CN (DIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, CDIP-8, TO-99 metal can
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OFFSET_N1	IN
2	IN_NEG	IN
3	IN_POS	IN
4	V_NEG	power_in
5	OFFSET_N2	IN
6	OUT	OUT
7	V_POS	power_in
8	NC	—

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Classic 1968 single bipolar op-amp. GBW ~1 MHz, slew 0.5 V/µs. Split-supply only.
• Operating voltage / current: ±5 V to ±18 V; Iq ~1.7 mA; Vos ~1 mV typ, 6 mV max.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm741.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM741 (generic 741 macromodel widely available)
• Notes: Legacy / educational. Avoid for new designs; choose TL07x or LM358.

MCP6002 — Dual 1 MHz rail-to-rail CMOS op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): Microchip (sole source)
• MFR P/N (primary): MCP6002-I/P (DIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, TDFN-8
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	VSS	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	VDD	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Dual CMOS rail-to-rail input AND output op-amp. GBW 1 MHz, slew 0.6 V/µs.
• Operating voltage / current: 1.8 V to 6.0 V single; Iq ~100 µA/ch; Vos ±4.5 mV max.
• Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MCP6001-1R-1U-2-4-1.3-MHz-Low-Power-Op-Amp-DS20001733L.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/MCP6002 (Mindi/SPICE model)
• Notes: True rail-to-rail in & out. Pin-compatible with LM358 footprint.

OPA2134 — Dual audio FET-input op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI / Burr-Brown (primary, sole source)
• MFR P/N (primary): OPA2134PA (DIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	V_NEG	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	V_POS	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Premium dual FET-input audio op-amp. GBW 8 MHz, slew 20 V/µs, THD+N 0.00008%.
• Operating voltage / current: ±2.5 V to ±18 V split; Iq ~4 mA/ch; Vos ±0.5 mV typ, ±2 mV max.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/opa2134.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/OPA2134
• Notes: Audiophile-grade — extremely low THD. Phase-reversal-free input stage. Pin-compatible with TL072/NE5532.

LMV358 — Dual low-voltage bipolar op-amp

• Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics, Diodes Inc.
• MFR P/N (primary): LMV358IDR (SOIC-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): SOIC-8, VSSOP-8, TSSOP-8 (no current PDIP-8 from TI)
• Pin map (primary package — SOIC-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	IN1_NEG	IN
3	IN1_POS	IN
4	V_GND	power_in
5	IN2_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	OUT2	OUT
8	V_POS	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_SO:SOIC-8_3.9x4.9mm_P1.27mm (VERIFY: no through-hole variant stocked by TI; DIP-8 footprint can be used with compatible second-source if needed)
• Description: Low-voltage single-supply variant of LM358 family. GBW ~1 MHz.
• Operating voltage / current: 2.7 V to 5.5 V single; Iq ~210 µA/ch; Vos ±1.7 mV typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lmv358.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LMV358
• Notes: NOT true rail-to-rail (within ~50 mV of V- only). Same pinout as LM358 — drop-in for low-voltage designs.

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Comparators

LM339 — Quad open-collector differential comparator, single-supply

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); onsemi, STMicroelectronics (second-source)
• MFR P/N (primary): LM339N
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, SSOP-14, WQFN-16
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT2	OUT
2	OUT1	OUT
3	VCC	power_in
4	IN1_NEG	IN
5	IN1_POS	IN
6	IN2_NEG	IN
7	IN2_POS	IN
8	IN3_NEG	IN
9	IN3_POS	IN
10	IN4_NEG	IN
11	IN4_POS	IN
12	GND	power_in
13	OUT4	OUT
14	OUT3	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
• Description: Quad differential comparator with open-collector outputs. Input CM range includes ground.
• Operating voltage / current: VCC 2 V to 30 V single or ±1 V to ±15 V split; output sink up to 16 mA typ; supply current ~1 mA @ 5 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/lm339
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/lit/zip/slcj010 (PSpice)
• Notes: Open-collector — requires external pull-up. Outputs wire-OR-able.

TLV3401 — Single nanopower open-drain CMOS comparator, rail-to-rail input

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary; sole source)
• MFR P/N (primary): TLV3401IDBVR
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): SOT-23-5 (DBV), SOIC-8 (D), PDIP-8 (P)
• Pin map (primary package — SOT-23-5):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT	OUT
2	GND	power_in
3	IN_POS	IN
4	IN_NEG	IN
5	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SOT-23-5
• Description: Single nanopower comparator with open-drain CMOS output. Inputs tolerate VCC+5 V above the positive rail.
• Operating voltage / current: VCC 2.5 V to 16 V (2.7 V min over industrial); 470 nA typ; open-drain output.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tlv3401
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/lit/zip/sbom412
• Notes: Requires external pull-up resistor on output. Rail-to-rail (and beyond) input CM.

LM311 — Single high-speed open-collector comparator with strobe and balance

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); onsemi, STMicroelectronics (second-source)
• MFR P/N (primary): LM311P
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8
• Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	EMIT_OUT	OUT
2	IN_POS	IN
3	IN_NEG	IN
4	VCC_NEG	power_in
5	BALANCE	IN
6	BAL/STRB	IN
7	COL_OUT	OUT
8	VCC_POS	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Single high-speed (165 ns) differential comparator with independently accessible open-collector and emitter outputs, plus strobe.
• Operating voltage / current: VCC+ − VCC- = 3.5 V to 30 V; output sink 50 mA at up to 50 V at COL OUT; supply ~5.4 mA typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/lm311
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/lit/zip/slcm011
• Notes: Open-collector COL OUT — requires external pull-up. Pull BAL/STRB low to disable output. Inputs limited to within ±15 V of supply midpoint.

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Voltage Regulators

LM7805 — Fixed +5V positive linear regulator, 1A

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary), STMicroelectronics, onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LM7805CT (TI, TO-220) / L7805CV (ST)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-220 (3-pin), TO-263 (D2PAK), TO-252 (DPAK)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	INPUT	power_in
2	GND	power_in
3	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Classic fixed positive linear regulator. Non-LDO (~2V dropout).
• Operating voltage / current: V_in max 35V, V_out 5.0V ±4%, I_out max 1.5A (typ. 1A continuous), dropout ~2.0V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm340.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM340
• Notes: Requires 0.33µF input and 0.1µF output cap close to pins. Heatsink above ~500mA. Tab is GND.

LM7812 — Fixed +12V positive linear regulator, 1A

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LM7812CT (TI, TO-220) / L7812CV (ST)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-220 (3-pin), TO-263, TO-252
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	INPUT	power_in
2	GND	power_in
3	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Fixed positive linear regulator, +12V variant of 78xx. Non-LDO.
• Operating voltage / current: V_in max 35V, V_out 12.0V ±4%, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~2.0V (V_in ≥ ~14.5V).
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm340.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM340
• Notes: Tab is GND.

LM7905 — Fixed -5V NEGATIVE linear regulator, 1A

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LM7905CT (TI, TO-220) / L7905CV (ST)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-220 (3-pin), TO-263
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220) — different from 78xx:

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	INPUT	power_in
3	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Fixed negative linear regulator (79xx family). Non-LDO. Pinout differs from 78xx.
• Operating voltage / current: V_in max -35V, V_out -5.0V ±4%, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~1.1V typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm7905.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM7905
• Notes: DO NOT swap footprints with 78xx. Requires 2.2µF tantalum input and 1µF tantalum output. Tab is INPUT (not GND).

LM317 — Adjustable +1.25V to +37V positive regulator, 1.5A

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LM317T (TI, TO-220)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-220, TO-263, TO-252, SOT-223 (LM317L variants)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	ADJ	IN
2	OUTPUT	power_out
3	INPUT	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Three-terminal adjustable positive regulator. V_out = 1.25V × (1 + R2/R1) + I_ADJ × R2.
• Operating voltage / current: V_in − V_out max 40V, V_out 1.25–37V, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~2.0V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm317.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM317
• Notes: R1 typically 240Ω; min load ~10mA. Tab is OUTPUT — isolation required when heatsinking.

LM337 — Adjustable -1.25V to -37V NEGATIVE regulator, 1.5A

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LM337T (TI, TO-220)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-220, TO-263
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220) — different from LM317:

Pin	Name	Direction
1	ADJ	IN
2	INPUT	power_in
3	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Three-terminal adjustable negative regulator — counterpart to LM317.
• Operating voltage / current: |V_in − V_out| max 40V, V_out -1.25 to -37V, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~2.0V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm337.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM337
• Notes: Pin 2 = INPUT, pin 3 = OUTPUT — opposite of LM317. R1 typically 120Ω. Tab is INPUT.

AMS1117_33 — Fixed +3.3V 1A LDO regulator (SOT-223)

• Manufacturer(s): Advanced Monolithic Systems (primary), Diodes Inc. (AP1117), HTC Korea
• MFR P/N (primary): AMS1117-3.3 (SOT-223)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): SOT-223 (3-pin + tab), TO-252 (DPAK)
• Pin map (primary package — SOT-223):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	OUTPUT	power_out
3	INPUT	power_in
4 (tab)	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SOT-223-3_TabPin2
• Description: LDO fixed +3.3V positive linear regulator. Popular in 5V→3.3V level conversion for MCU/Wi-Fi modules.
• Operating voltage / current: V_in max 15V, V_out 3.3V ±1.5%, I_out max 1A, dropout 1.1V typ @ 800mA.
• Datasheet URL: http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic LDO model required)
• Notes: Requires 10µF tantalum (or 22µF ceramic) on both input and output. Tab is OUTPUT — large copper pour required.

AMS1117_50 — Fixed +5V 1A LDO regulator (SOT-223)

• Manufacturer(s): Advanced Monolithic Systems (primary), Diodes Inc., HTC Korea
• MFR P/N (primary): AMS1117-5.0 (SOT-223)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): SOT-223, TO-252
• Pin map (primary package — SOT-223):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	OUTPUT	power_out
3	INPUT	power_in
4 (tab)	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SOT-223-3_TabPin2
• Description: LDO fixed +5V positive linear regulator.
• Operating voltage / current: V_in max 15V (V_in ≥ ~6.1V for regulation), V_out 5.0V ±1.5%, I_out max 1A, dropout 1.1V typ @ 800mA.
• Datasheet URL: http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic LDO model required)
• Notes: Same caveats as AMS1117_33. Tab tied to OUTPUT.

LP2950 — Micropower +5V (fixed) LDO regulator, 100mA

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary, ex-National Semiconductor), onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LP2950ACZ-5.0 (TO-92)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-92, TO-252/DPAK, SO-8 (LP2951 adj.)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	INPUT	power_in
2	GND	power_in
3	OUTPUT	power_out

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: Micropower fixed +5V LDO with ~75µA quiescent. Designed for battery-powered applications.
• Operating voltage / current: V_in max 30V, V_out 5.0V ±0.5% (A-grade), I_out max 100mA, dropout 380mV typ @ 100mA, I_q ~75µA.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lp2950.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LP2950
• Notes: Requires 1µF tantalum (or ≥2.2µF ceramic with ESR 0.1–6Ω) on output for stability — ESR-sensitive. For adjustable variant use LP2951.

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Transistors

BC547 — NPN BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 100 mA, 45 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diotec, Nexperia
• MFR P/N (primary): BC547B
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92 (3-pin); SMD equivalent BC847 (SOT-23)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92, viewed from flat side):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Collector	IN
2	Base	IN
3	Emitter	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: General-purpose NPN BJT for low-power switching and audio-frequency amplification. European CBE pinout.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 45 V, V_CBO 50 V, I_C 100 mA, P_tot 500 mW; h_FE 200–450 (B grade), f_T 300 MHz.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/bc547-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: CBE pinout — opposite of 2N3904 (EBC). Complementary PNP is BC557.

BC557 — PNP BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 100 mA, 45 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diotec, Nexperia
• MFR P/N (primary): BC557B
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent BC857 (SOT-23)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Collector	OUT
2	Base	IN
3	Emitter	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: General-purpose PNP BJT, complementary to BC547.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CEO −45 V, V_CBO −50 V, V_EBO −5 V, I_C −100 mA, P_tot 500 mW; h_FE 200–450, f_T 150 MHz.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/bc556bta-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: Same CBE pinout as BC547.

Q2N3904 — NPN BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 200 mA, 40 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc., Central Semiconductor
• MFR P/N (primary): 2N3904BU
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent MMBT3904 (SOT-23)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Emitter	OUT
2	Base	IN
3	Collector	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: Industry-standard small-signal NPN. JEDEC EBC pinout from flat.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 40 V, V_CBO 60 V, I_C 200 mA, P_tot 625 mW; h_FE 100–300, f_T 300 MHz.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/2n3903-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: EBC pinout — NOT pin-compatible with BC547 (CBE).

Q2N3906 — PNP BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 200 mA, 40 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc., Central Semiconductor
• MFR P/N (primary): 2N3906BU
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent MMBT3906 (SOT-23)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Emitter	IN
2	Base	IN
3	Collector	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: Industry-standard small-signal PNP, complementary to 2N3904. JEDEC EBC.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CEO −40 V, V_CBO −40 V, V_EBO −5 V, I_C −200 mA, P_tot 625 mW; h_FE 100–300, f_T 250 MHz.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/2n3906-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: Same EBC pinout as 2N3904.

Q2N2222 — NPN BJT, medium-power switching, 800 mA, 40 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (P2N2222A in TO-92); Central Semiconductor (2N2222A in TO-18 metal can)
• MFR P/N (primary): P2N2222A (TO-92) / 2N2222A (TO-18)
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92 (P2N2222A); TO-18 metal can (original); SMD PMBT2222A (SOT-23)
• Pin map (P2N2222A TO-92, from flat):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Emitter	OUT
2	Base	IN
3	Collector	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline (P2N2222A); Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-18-3 (original TO-18 can)
• Description: Classic medium-power NPN switching transistor.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 40 V, V_CBO 75 V, I_C 800 mA continuous (1 A peak), P_tot 625 mW (TO-92); h_FE 50–300, f_T 300 MHz.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/p2n2222a-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: TO-92 P2N2222A is EBC; original TO-18 can has its own pin order — verify package variant.

Q2N7000 — N-channel MOSFET, small-signal, 200 mA, 60 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc., Microchip
• MFR P/N (primary): 2N7000
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent 2N7002 (SOT-23)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Source	OUT
2	Gate	IN
3	Drain	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: Small-signal N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET for logic-level switching.
• Operating voltage / current: V_DS 60 V, V_GS ±20 V, I_D 200 mA continuous, R_DS(on) 5 Ω @ V_GS=10 V; V_GS(th) 0.8–3.0 V; P_D 400 mW.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/2n7000-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: Logic-level gate. ESD-sensitive — no internal gate protection.

BS170 — N-channel MOSFET, small-signal, 500 mA, 60 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc.
• MFR P/N (primary): BS170
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent MMBF170 (SOT-23)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Drain	IN
2	Gate	IN
3	Source	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: Small-signal N-channel MOSFET, similar to 2N7000 but mirrored pinout (D-G-S vs S-G-D).
• Operating voltage / current: V_DS 60 V, V_GS ±20 V, I_D 500 mA continuous, R_DS(on) 5 Ω @ V_GS=10 V; V_GS(th) 0.8–3.0 V (typ 2.0 V); P_D 830 mW.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/308/BS170_D-1803008.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: NOT pin-compatible with 2N7000 despite similar specs. ESD-sensitive.

IRLB8721 — Logic-level N-channel power MOSFET, 62 A, 30 V

• Manufacturer(s): Infineon (primary)
• MFR P/N (primary): IRLB8721PBF
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-220AB (3 pin + tab)
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220, front view):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Gate	IN
2	Drain (= tab)	IN
3	Source	OUT
tab	Drain	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical (or TO-220-3_Horizontal_TabDown for heatsinked)
• Description: Logic-level HEXFET — fully enhanced at V_GS=4.5V, directly drivable from 5V or 3.3V MCU pins.
• Operating voltage / current: V_DS 30V, V_GS ±20V, I_D 62A @ T_C=25°C, R_DS(on) 8.7mΩ max @ V_GS=4.5V (6.5mΩ typ); V_GS(th) 1.35–2.35V; P_D 65W.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/irlb8721pbf.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a40153566056732591
• SPICE model: https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/power/mosfet/n-channel/irlb8721pbf/
• Notes: Tab is Drain — isolate from grounded heatsinks. Logic-level gate.

IRFZ44N — Standard-gate N-channel power MOSFET, 49 A, 55 V

• Manufacturer(s): Infineon (primary); Vishay
• MFR P/N (primary): IRFZ44NPBF
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-220AB
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220, front view):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Gate	IN
2	Drain (= tab)	IN
3	Source	OUT
tab	Drain	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Workhorse standard-threshold N-channel HEXFET for medium-voltage power switching.
• Operating voltage / current: V_DS 55V, V_GS ±20V, I_D 49A @ T_C=25°C, R_DS(on) 17.5mΩ max @ V_GS=10V; V_GS(th) 2.0–4.0V; P_D 94W.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-IRFZ44N-DataSheet-v01_01-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a40153563b3a9f220d
• SPICE model: Infineon "Simulation Models" tab
• Notes: NOT logic-level — V_GS(th) up to 4V; cannot be driven from 3.3V MCU. Use a gate driver or pick IRLB8721/IRLZ44N.

TIP120 — NPN Darlington power transistor, 5 A, 60 V

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); STMicroelectronics, Diotec
• MFR P/N (primary): TIP120
• Refdes prefix: Q
• Package(s): TO-220AB
• Pin map (primary package — TO-220, front view):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Base	IN
2	Collector (= tab)	IN
3	Emitter	OUT
tab	Collector	IN

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
• Description: Monolithic NPN Darlington with integrated B-E shunt resistors. Drives inductive loads from logic-level signals.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 60V, V_CBO 60V, V_EBO 5V, I_C 5A continuous (8A peak), P_D 65W; h_FE 1000 min @ I_C=3A, V_CE(sat) 2V typ / 4V max @ I_C=5A.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/tip120-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: High V_CE(sat) — heatsink required above ~1A. TIP121/122 are pin-compatible higher-V versions; PNP complement TIP125/126/127.

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Diodes

D1N4148 — Fast signal switching diode (100V / 200mA, DO-35)

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec, NXP
• MFR P/N (primary): 1N4148 (DO-35)
• Refdes prefix: D
• Package(s): DO-35 (glass axial)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Anode	IN
2	Cathode	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-35_SOD27_P7.62mm_Horizontal
• Description: Small-signal, high-speed switching diode. Industry-standard general-purpose signal diode.
• Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 100V; I_F avg = 200mA; V_F typ ≈ 0.7V @ 10mA; t_rr ≈ 4ns.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4148-d.pdf
• SPICE model: generic 1N4148 SPICE model widely available
• Notes: Cathode marked with band. Not for power rectification.

D1N4001 — 50V / 1A general-purpose rectifier (DO-41)

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
• MFR P/N (primary): 1N4001 (DO-41)
• Refdes prefix: D
• Package(s): DO-41 (axial)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Anode	IN
2	Cathode	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
• Description: Low-voltage general-purpose silicon rectifier.
• Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 50V; I_F avg = 1A; V_F typ ≈ 1.0V @ 1A; I_FSM = 30A.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4001-d.pdf
• SPICE model: generic 1N4001 SPICE model widely available
• Notes: Same DO-41 package as 1N4007 but only 50V reverse — do not substitute upward without checking. Slow recovery (~30µs).

D1N4007 — 1000V / 1A general-purpose rectifier (DO-41)

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
• MFR P/N (primary): 1N4007 (DO-41)
• Refdes prefix: D
• Package(s): DO-41
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Anode	IN
2	Cathode	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
• Description: High-voltage general-purpose silicon rectifier — default choice for mains rectification.
• Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 1000V; I_F avg = 1A; V_F typ ≈ 1.0V @ 1A; I_FSM = 30A.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4007-d.pdf
• SPICE model: generic 1N4007 SPICE model widely available
• Notes: Safe upward substitute for any 1N400x. Slow, not for SMPS.

D1N5817 — Schottky rectifier (20V / 1A, low V_F, DO-41)

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
• MFR P/N (primary): 1N5817 (DO-41)
• Refdes prefix: D
• Package(s): DO-41
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Anode	IN
2	Cathode	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
• Description: Schottky barrier rectifier with low V_F and fast switching.
• Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 20V; I_F avg = 1A; V_F typ ≈ 0.45V @ 1A; I_FSM = 25A.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n5817-d.pdf
• SPICE model: generic 1N5817 Schottky SPICE model widely available
• Notes: Higher reverse leakage than silicon. For 30/40V use 1N5818/1N5819.

D1N4733A — Zener diode, 5.1V 1W (DO-41)

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
• MFR P/N (primary): 1N4733A (DO-41)
• Refdes prefix: D
• Package(s): DO-41
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Anode	IN
2	Cathode	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
• Description: 1W Zener voltage reference / regulator at 5.1V.
• Operating voltage / current: V_Z = 5.1V @ I_ZT = 49mA; P_D = 1W; I_ZM ≈ 178mA; tolerance ±5% (A suffix).
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4728a-d.pdf
• SPICE model: generic 1N4733A Zener SPICE model widely available
• Notes: Reverse-biased operation — cathode (band) to higher potential.

D1N4742A — Zener diode, 12V 1W (DO-41)

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
• MFR P/N (primary): 1N4742A (DO-41)
• Refdes prefix: D
• Package(s): DO-41
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	Anode	IN
2	Cathode	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
• Description: 1W Zener voltage reference / regulator at 12V.
• Operating voltage / current: V_Z = 12V @ I_ZT = 21mA; P_D = 1W; I_ZM ≈ 76mA; tolerance ±5%.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4728a-d.pdf
• SPICE model: generic 1N4742A Zener SPICE model widely available
• Notes: Avalanche-dominated above ~5.6V — sharper knee than low-V Zeners.

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Specialty ICs

NE555 — Precision astable/monostable timer IC

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); ON Semiconductor, ST, Diodes Inc.
• MFR P/N (primary): NE555P (TI, PDIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8 (P), SOIC-8 (D), SO-8 (PS), TSSOP-8 (PW)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	TRIG	IN
3	OUT	OUT
4	RESET	IN
5	CONT	IN/OUT
6	THRES	IN
7	DISCH	OUT (OC)
8	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Classic bipolar precision timer. Output sinks/sources up to 200 mA.
• Operating voltage / current: VCC 4.5 V to 16 V (SE555: up to 18 V); supply ~3 mA @ 5 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/NE555 (TI PSpice model: NE555.TSC)
• Notes: Pin 5 (CONT) should be bypassed to GND with 10 nF when unused. Output not rail-to-rail. CMOS variants (TLC555/LMC555) for low power.

LM386 — Low-voltage audio power amplifier

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); JRC (NJM386), onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): LM386N-1 (TI, PDIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8 (N), SOIC-8 (M), VSSOP-8 (MM)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GAIN	Passive
2	INPUT_NEG	IN
3	INPUT_POS	IN
4	GND	power_in
5	VOUT	OUT
6	VS	power_in
7	BYPASS	OUT
8	GAIN	Passive

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: Low-voltage class-AB audio power amplifier. Fixed gain 20 (extendable to 200 by 10 µF between pins 1 and 8).
• Operating voltage / current: VS 4 V to 12 V (LM386N-1/-3), 5 V to 18 V (LM386N-4); Iq ~4 mA.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm386.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM386
• Notes: Add Zobel network (10 Ω + 50 nF) on VOUT. Pin 7 (BYPASS) decouple 10 µF. Notorious for oscillation if PCB layout is poor.

DS18B20 — 1-Wire programmable digital thermometer

• Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (Maxim Integrated, primary)
• MFR P/N (primary): DS18B20+ (TO-92)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-92 (3-pin), SO-8, µSOP-8
• Pin map (primary package, TO-92, flat side facing you):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	DQ	BIDIR
3	VDD	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: 1-Wire digital thermometer, -55 to +125 °C with ±0.5 °C accuracy from -10 to +85 °C; user-selectable 9–12-bit resolution. Each chip has unique 64-bit ROM ID.
• Operating voltage / current: VDD 3.0 V to 5.5 V; active 1.0 mA typ, standby 750 nA typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS18B20.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: DQ requires a 4.7 kΩ pull-up to VDD. Conversion up to 750 ms at 12-bit. Counterfeits widespread; genuine parts have "+" suffix.

DS1307 — I²C real-time clock with 56-byte NV RAM

• Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (Maxim Integrated, primary)
• MFR P/N (primary): DS1307+ (PDIP-8)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-8, SO-8
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	X1	IN (xtal)
2	X2	OUT (xtal)
3	VBAT	power_in
4	GND	power_in
5	SDA	BIDIR
6	SCL	IN
7	SQW/OUT	OUT (OD)
8	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
• Description: BCD real-time clock/calendar with 56 bytes of battery-backed SRAM. I²C up to 100 kHz, fixed address 0x68.
• Operating voltage / current: VCC 4.5–5.5 V; VBAT 2.0–3.5 V; active 1.5 mA max; timekeeping on VBAT 500 nA typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS1307.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: External 32.768 kHz crystal with 12.5 pF load; do NOT add loading caps. SDA/SCL need external pull-ups (~4.7 kΩ). DS3231 is the recommended upgrade. SQW/OUT is open-drain.

MAX7219 — Serial-input 8-digit common-cathode LED display driver

• Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (Maxim Integrated, primary)
• MFR P/N (primary): MAX7219CNG+ (PDIP-24 wide)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): PDIP-24 wide (15.24 mm row spacing), SO-24 wide (WG), SSOP-24 (EWG)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	DIN	IN
2	DIG 0	OUT
3	DIG 4	OUT
4	GND	power_in
5	DIG 6	OUT
6	DIG 2	OUT
7	DIG 3	OUT
8	DIG 7	OUT
9	GND	power_in
10	DIG 5	OUT
11	DIG 1	OUT
12	LOAD	IN
13	CLK	IN
14	SEG A	OUT
15	SEG F	OUT
16	SEG B	OUT
17	SEG G	OUT
18	ISET	IN
19	V_POS	power_in
20	SEG C	OUT
21	SEG E	OUT
22	SEG DP	OUT
23	SEG D	OUT
24	DOUT	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-24_W15.24mm
• Description: Serial-input common-cathode 7-segment LED driver multiplexing up to 8 digits (or an 8×8 matrix). Includes BCD decoder and 8×8 SRAM.
• Operating voltage / current: V+ 4.0–5.5 V; up to 330 mA with all segments on; shutdown ~150 µA typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/MAX7219-MAX7221.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Peak segment current set by R_SET between ISET and V+ (9.53 kΩ ≈ 40 mA/seg). Place 10 µF + 0.1 µF at V+. Daisy-chain via DOUT→DIN. Use MAX7221 for clean SPI buses.

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Sensors

TMP36 — Low-voltage analog temperature sensor (10 mV/°C)

• Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (primary)
• MFR P/N (primary): TMP36GT9Z
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): TO-92 (3-pin), SOIC-8 (TMP36GSZ), SOT-23-5 (TMP36GRT)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	+Vs	power_in
2	VOUT	OUT
3	GND	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
• Description: Precision centigrade temperature sensor — linear analog output (10 mV/°C, 750 mV at 25 °C). No calibration required.
• Operating voltage / current: V_S 2.7–5.5 V; ~50 µA quiescent; analog 0.1–2.0 V over −40 to +125 °C.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/TMP35_36_37.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: 500 mV offset enables sub-zero on unipolar ADCs. Add 0.1 µF bypass close to +Vs.

BMP280 — Digital barometric pressure & temperature sensor (I²C/SPI)

• Manufacturer(s): Bosch Sensortec (sole source)
• MFR P/N (primary): BMP280
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): LGA-8, 2.0 × 2.5 × 0.95 mm, 0.65 mm pitch
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	GND	power_in
2	CSB	IN
3	SDI / SDA	BIDIR
4	SCK / SCL	IN
5	SDO / ADDR	BIDIR
6	VDDIO	power_in
7	GND	power_in
8	VDD	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_LGA:Bosch_LGA-8_2x2.5mm_P0.65mm
• Description: Absolute barometric pressure (300–1100 hPa) + integrated temperature. Selectable I²C (3.4 MHz) or SPI (10 MHz).
• Operating voltage / current: VDD 1.71–3.6 V, VDDIO 1.2–3.6 V; ~2.7 µA @ 1 Hz typ.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/media/boschsensortec/downloads/datasheets/bst-bmp280-ds001.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: 3.3 V part — do not connect to 5 V logic without level shifting. I²C address 0x76 (SDO=GND) or 0x77 (SDO=VDDIO). Tie CSB to VDDIO for I²C.

MPU6050 — 6-axis MEMS IMU (3-axis gyro + 3-axis accelerometer) with DMP

• Manufacturer(s): InvenSense / TDK (sole source; NRND — see ICM-20602 / ICM-42688)
• MFR P/N (primary): MPU-6050
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): QFN-24, 4 × 4 × 0.9 mm, 0.5 mm pitch
• Pin map (primary package, headline pins):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	CLKIN	IN
6	AUX_DA	BIDIR
7	AUX_CL	OUT
8	VLOGIC	power_in
9	AD0	IN
10	REGOUT	OUT
11	FSYNC	IN
12	INT	OUT
13	VDD	power_in
18	GND	power_in
20	CPOUT	OUT
23	SCL	IN
24	SDA	BIDIR

(Pins 2–5, 14–17, 19, 21, 22 are NC/reserved — leave per datasheet.)

• KiCad footprint: Sensor_Motion:InvenSense_QFN-24_4x4mm_P0.5mm
• Description: 6-DOF MotionTracking — 3-axis gyro + 3-axis accelerometer with on-chip Digital Motion Processor (DMP) over I²C.
• Operating voltage / current: VDD 2.375–3.46 V, VLOGIC 1.71 V–VDD; ~3.9 mA active.
• Datasheet URL: https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/MPU-6000-Datasheet1.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: 3.3 V part — do NOT drive directly from 5 V logic. I²C address 0x68 (AD0=GND) / 0x69 (AD0=VDD). Required: 10 nF on CPOUT, 100 nF on REGOUT/VDD/VLOGIC. SDA/SCL pull-ups (2.2–10 kΩ).

HCSR04 — Ultrasonic ranging breakout module (2–400 cm, 40 kHz)

• Manufacturer(s): Generic Chinese (Cytron, Elec Freaks, ITead, no-name vendors)
• MFR P/N (primary): HC-SR04
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): 4-pin SIP module, 2.54 mm pitch
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	VCC	power_in
2	TRIG	IN
3	ECHO	OUT
4	GND	power_in

• KiCad footprint: VERIFY — not in stock KiCad library. Use Connector_PinHeader_2.54mm:PinHeader_1x04_P2.54mm_Vertical or import a community footprint such as Sensor:HC-SR04.
• Description: Self-contained ultrasonic distance sensor module. TRIG ≥10 µs pulse → 8-cycle 40 kHz burst → ECHO width proportional to time-of-flight (~58 µs/cm).
• Operating voltage / current: VCC 5.0 V ±0.25 V; ~15 mA active, <2 mA idle; ECHO 5 V logic.
• Datasheet URL: https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Proximity/HCSR04.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: 5 V part — divide ECHO for 3.3 V MCUs. Min trigger pulse 10 µs; ≥60 ms between measurements. HC-SR04P / RCWL-1601 accept 3–5 V supply.

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Power and Interface

MOC3021 — Non-zero-crossing triac driver optocoupler

• Manufacturer(s): Vishay (primary), Lite-On, Fairchild/onsemi
• MFR P/N (primary): MOC3021M
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-6
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	ANODE	IN
2	CATHODE	IN
3	NC	NC
4	MT1	OUT
5	SUBSTRATE	NC
6	MT2	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-6_W7.62mm
• Description: Optically isolated non-zero-crossing triac driver for gating a larger power triac controlling AC mains loads. 7500 V (peak) isolation.
• Operating voltage / current: LED I_F(typ) 15 mA, I_FT(max) 15 mA; output triac V_DRM 400 V, I_TSM 1 A peak; isolation 7500 V_pk (5300 V_RMS).
• Datasheet URL: https://www.vishay.com/docs/83648/moc3021m.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Random-phase (NON zero-crossing) — use MOC3041/3061/3081 for zero-crossing. Drive a separate power triac through a current-limiting resistor (~360 Ω). Pin 5 leave floating.

OPTO_4N25 — General-purpose phototransistor optocoupler with base pin

• Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Lite-On
• MFR P/N (primary): 4N25
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-6
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	ANODE	IN
2	CATHODE	IN
3	NC	NC
4	EMITTER	OUT
5	COLLECTOR	OUT
6	BASE	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-6_W7.62mm
• Description: Single-channel phototransistor optocoupler with accessible base pin. 5300 V_RMS isolation.
• Operating voltage / current: LED I_F max 60 mA, V_F ≈ 1.15 V; V_CEO 30 V, I_C max 50 mA, CTR(min) 20%; isolation 5300 V_RMS.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/4n25-d.pdf
• SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
• Notes: Base pin (6) usually left floating. Slow (~2–5 µs) — use 6N137 for digital signalling.

OPTO_TLP521 — Single-channel phototransistor optocoupler (DIP-4)

• Manufacturer(s): Toshiba (primary); Isocom, Lite-On (second-source equivalents)
• MFR P/N (primary): TLP521-1
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-4 (single, primary); DIP-8 dual (TLP521-2); DIP-16 quad (TLP521-4)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	ANODE	IN
2	CATHODE	IN
3	EMITTER	OUT
4	COLLECTOR	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-4_W7.62mm
• Description: Compact single-channel phototransistor optocoupler in DIP-4 — no base pin.
• Operating voltage / current: LED I_F max 50 mA, V_F ≈ 1.15 V; V_CEO 55 V, I_C max 50 mA, CTR 50%–600% (rank-dependent); isolation 5000 V_RMS.
• Datasheet URL: https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/info/TLP521-1_datasheet_en_20200924.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: Officially obsolete in some regions — TLP281 / TLP293 are recommended modern replacements (same pinout).

TLC5940 — 16-channel constant-current sink LED driver with PWM

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary, sole source)
• MFR P/N (primary): TLC5940NT (DIP-28)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-28 (NT, primary); HTSSOP-28 (PWP); TSSOP-28 (PW); VQFN-32 (RHB)
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	OUT1	OUT
2	OUT0	OUT
3	VPRG	IN
4	SIN	IN
5	SCLK	IN
6	XLAT	IN
7	BLANK	IN
8	GND	power_in
9	VCC	power_in
10	IREF	IN
11	DCPRG	IN
12	GSCLK	IN
13	SOUT	OUT
14	XERR	OUT (OD)
15	OUT15	OUT
16	OUT14	OUT
17	OUT13	OUT
18	OUT12	OUT
19	OUT11	OUT
20	OUT10	OUT
21	OUT9	OUT
22	OUT8	OUT
23	OUT7	OUT
24	OUT6	OUT
25	OUT5	OUT
26	OUT4	OUT
27	OUT3	OUT
28	OUT2	OUT

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-28_W7.62mm
• Description: 16-channel constant-current sink LED driver with 12-bit grayscale PWM and 6-bit dot-correction per channel, daisy-chainable.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 3.0–5.5 V; per-channel sink 0–120 mA programmable (typ max 80 mA continuous), V_OUT max 17 V.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tlc5940.pdf
• SPICE model: (generic model required)
• Notes: NRND — TLC5947/TLC5948A are successors. Requires R_IREF (~2 kΩ for 20 mA/ch). GSCLK & BLANK must be host-toggled; chip does not free-run PWM.

MAX232 — Dual RS-232 driver/receiver with on-chip charge-pump

• Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary), Maxim/ADI (originator), Intersil/Renesas
• MFR P/N (primary): MAX232CPE (DIP-16)
• Refdes prefix: U
• Package(s): DIP-16, SOIC-16
• Pin map (primary package):

Pin	Name	Direction
1	C1_POS	passive (cap)
2	V_POS	OUT (≈ +10 V)
3	C1_NEG	passive (cap)
4	C2_POS	passive (cap)
5	C2_NEG	passive (cap)
6	V_NEG	OUT (≈ -10 V)
7	T2OUT	OUT (RS-232)
8	R2IN	IN (RS-232)
9	R2OUT	OUT (TTL)
10	T2IN	IN (TTL)
11	T1IN	IN (TTL)
12	R1OUT	OUT (TTL)
13	R1IN	IN (RS-232)
14	T1OUT	OUT (RS-232)
15	GND	power_in
16	VCC	power_in

• KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
• Description: Dual RS-232 line driver/receiver using on-chip dual charge-pump to convert 5 V logic to ±10 V RS-232 from a single 5 V supply.
• Operating voltage / current: V_CC 4.5–5.5 V; I_CC ~8 mA typ; driver swing ±7.5 V loaded; receiver inputs ±30 V tolerant; up to 120 kbit/s.
• Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf
• SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/MAX232
• Notes: Requires 4 external charge-pump capacitors + VCC bypass. MAX232 specifies 1 µF; MAX232A allows 100 nF. Receivers have internal 5 kΩ pull-down.

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Needs Review (VERIFY flags)

The following entries carry (VERIFY: ...) flags that should be double-checked against the live KiCad 7+ library before the implementation pass:

• STM32F411CEU6 — UFQFPN-48 footprint string varies between KiCad library versions (QFN-48-1EP_7x7mm_P0.5mm_EP5.6x5.6mm vs UFQFPN-48-1EP_...).
• RP2040 — QFN-56 EP size suffix depends on KiCad library version.
• ESP8266_12F — RF_Module:ESP-12F may not exist in all KiCad library versions; RF_Module:ESP-12E shares the same pad pattern.
• LMV358 — No through-hole part stocked by TI; primary footprint is SOIC-8. Use a compatible second-source DIP-8 if through-hole is required.
• HCSR04 — Not in the stock KiCad library at all; a 4-pin 2.54 mm header footprint or a community-supplied module footprint must be selected. All chips in this catalogue now carry full per-pin tables, including the seven previously-abbreviated high-pin-count MCUs (ATmega2560, ATmega32U4, STM32F103C8T6, STM32F411CEU6, RP2040, ESP32_WROOM_32, ESP8266_12F).

Class names for 2N... transistors and 1N... diodes are prefixed with their IEEE 315 refdes letter (Q2N3904, Q2N3906, Q2N2222, Q2N7000; D1N4148, D1N4001, D1N4007, D1N5817, D1N4733A, D1N4742A) — both legal Python identifiers and faithful to the real-world refdes-plus-part-number naming on schematics and BOMs (Q1 is a transistor; per the BOM, Q1 is a 2N3904).