#54.py

# Problem 54
#
#
#
# In the card game poker, a hand consists of five cards and are ranked, from lowest to highest, in the following way:
#
#    High Card: Highest value card.
#    One Pair: Two cards of the same value.
#    Two Pairs: Two different pairs.
#    Three of a Kind: Three cards of the same value.
#    Straight: All cards are consecutive values.
#    Flush: All cards of the same suit.
#    Full House: Three of a kind and a pair.
#    Four of a Kind: Four cards of the same value.
#    Straight Flush: All cards are consecutive values of same suit.
#    Royal Flush: Ten, Jack, Queen, King, Ace, in same suit.
#
# The cards are valued in the order:
# 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace.
#
# If two players have the same ranked hands then the rank made up of the
# highest value wins; for example, a pair of eights beats a pair of fives
# (see example 1 below). But if two ranks tie, for example, both players 
# have a pair of queens, then highest cards in each hand are compared (see
# example 4 below); if the highest cards tie then the next highest cards are
# compared, and so on.
#
# Consider the following five hands dealt to two players:
# Hand         Player 1         Player 2         Winner
# 1         5H 5C 6S 7S KD
# Pair of Fives
#         2C 3S 8S 8D TD
# Pair of Eights
#         Player 2
# 2         5D 8C 9S JS AC
# Highest card Ace
#         2C 5C 7D 8S QH
# Highest card Queen
#         Player 1
# 3         2D 9C AS AH AC
# Three Aces
#         3D 6D 7D TD QD
# Flush with Diamonds
#         Player 2
# 4         4D 6S 9H QH QC
# Pair of Queens
# Highest card Nine
#         3D 6D 7H QD QS
# Pair of Queens
# Highest card Seven
#         Player 1
# 5         2H 2D 4C 4D 4S
# Full House
# With Three Fours
#         3C 3D 3S 9S 9D
# Full House
# with Three Threes
#         Player 1
#
# The file, poker.txt, contains one-thousand random hands dealt to two players.
# Each line of the file contains ten cards (separated by a single space): the first five are Player 1's cards and the last five are Player 2's cards. You can assume that all hands are valid (no invalid characters or repeated cards), each player's hand is in no specific order, and in each hand there is a clear winner.
#
# How many hands does Player 1 win?
#
#______________________________________________________________________________


from collections import Counter
from enum import IntEnum, unique

@unique
class Quality(IntEnum):
    """Quality of a poker hand. Higher values beat lower values."""
    high_card = 1
    pair = 2
    two_pairs = 3
    three = 4
    straight = 5
    flush = 6
    full_house = 7
    four = 8
    straight_flush = 9

def canonical(hand):
    """Return the canonical form of the poker hand as a pair (q, r) where
    q is a value from the Quality enumeration, and r is a list of the
    distinct card ranks in the hand (from 1=low ace to 14=high ace),
    ordered in descreasing order by frequency and then by rank. These
    canonical forms can be compared to see who wins. The hand must be
    a sequence of five cards given as two-character strings in the
    form 2H, TS, JC etc.

    >>> canonical('TD 7H KH TS 7S'.split()) # two pairs (tens and sevens)
    (<Quality.two_pairs: 3>, [10, 7, 13])
    >>> canonical('3C AH 4D 2S 5C'.split()) # ace-low straight
    (<Quality.straight: 5>, [5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
    >>> canonical('JH 2H JC JS 2D'.split()) # full house (twos and jacks)
    (<Quality.full_house: 7>, [11, 2])
    >>> canonical('TS 4S 8S QS 5S'.split()) # queen-high flush
    (<Quality.flush: 6>, [12, 10, 8, 5, 4])

    """
    flush = len(set(suit for _, suit in hand)) == 1
    ranks = sorted('--23456789TJQKA'.find(rank) for rank, _ in hand)
    if ranks == [2, 3, 4, 5, 14]: # ace-low straight
        ranks = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    straight = ranks == list(range(ranks[0], ranks[0] + 5))
    count = Counter(ranks)
    counts = sorted(count.values())
    distinct_ranks = sorted(count, reverse=True, key=lambda v:(count[v], v))
    if flush and straight:       q = Quality.straight_flush
    elif counts == [1, 4]:       q = Quality.four
    elif counts == [2, 3]:       q = Quality.full_house
    elif flush:                  q = Quality.flush
    elif straight:               q = Quality.straight
    elif counts == [1, 1, 3]:    q = Quality.three
    elif counts == [1, 2, 2]:    q = Quality.two_pairs
    elif counts == [1, 1, 1, 2]: q = Quality.pair
    else:                        q = Quality.high_card
    return q, distinct_ranks