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<a href='http://cngolib.com'><h1>Go 标准库中文文档</h1></a>
<p>cngolib.com · Go开发团队/著 · 黄健宏/译</p>
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<div class="section" id="errors">
<h1>errors<a class="headerlink" href="#errors" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<p>本文是 Go 标准库中 errors 包文档的翻译，
原文地址为：
<a class="reference external" href="https://golang.org/pkg/errors/">https://golang.org/pkg/errors/</a></p>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h2>概述<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>errors 包实现了用于处理错误的函数。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
<span class="s">"time"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// MyError 是一个包含了时间和消息的错误实现</span>
<span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">MyError</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">When</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Time</span>
<span class="nx">What</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span> <span class="nx">MyError</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">Error</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"%v: %v"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">When</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">What</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">oops</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">error</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">MyError</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1989</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">UTC</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s">"the file system has gone away"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">oops</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>示例执行结果：</p>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="mi">1989</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mo">00</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mo">0000</span> <span class="nx">UTC</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nx">the</span> <span class="nx">file</span> <span class="nx">system</span> <span class="nx">has</span> <span class="nx">gone</span> <span class="nx">away</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="new">
<h2>New 函数<a class="headerlink" href="#new" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">text</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">error</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>根据给定的文本返回一个错误。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">"errors"</span>
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">errors</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"emit macho dwarf: elf header corrupted"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>示例执行结果：</p>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">emit</span> <span class="nx">macho</span> <span class="nx">dwarf</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nx">elf</span> <span class="nx">header</span> <span class="nx">corrupted</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>fmt 包的 Errorf 函数可以让用户使用该包的格式化功能来创建描述错误的消息。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"bimmler"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">17</span>
<span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Errorf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"user %q (id %d) not found"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>示例执行结果：</p>
<div class="highlight-go"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">user</span> <span class="s">"bimmler"</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">not</span> <span class="nx">found</span>
</pre></div>
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