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Linux

Mitchell Krog (Linux specialist)

find

How to use the find command

Find Linux Files by Name or Extension

Use find from the command line to locate a specific file by name or extension. The following example searches for *.err files in the /home/username/ directory and all sub-directories:

find /home/username/ -name "*.err"

Common Linux Find Commands and Syntax

find expressions take the following form:

find options starting/path expression
  • The options attribute will control the behavior and optimization method of the find process.
  • The starting/path attribute will define the top level directory where find begins filtering.
  • The expression attribute controls the tests that search the directory hierarchy to produce output.

Consider the following example command:

find -O3 -L /var/www/ -name "*.html"

This command enables the maximum optimization level (-O3) and allows find to follow symbolic links (-L). find searches the entire directory tree beneath /var/www/ for files that end with .html.

Basic Examples

Command Description
find . -name testfile.txt Find a file called testfile.txt in current and sub-directories.
find /home -name \*.jpg Find all .jpg files in the /home and sub-directories.
find . -type f -empty Find an empty file within the current directory.
find /home -user exampleuser -mtime 7 -iname ".db" Find all .db files (ignoring text case) modified in the last 7 days by a user named exampleuser.

remote script from local

How to run a remote script from local

To run a remote script from local you need two scripts:

  • one on the source machine,
  • another one on the destination machine.

The script on the source machine should be something like:

rsync ... ... ... syncuser@destination:/dest/path
ssh syncuser@destination "sudo /some/path/to/completesync.sh"

And on the destination machine, the script /some/path/to/completesync.sh which contains something like this:

#!/bin/sh

php artisan cache:clear
php artisan config:cache
# whatever else you need to run as root

Be careful to have restricted rights on this script:

chown root:root /path/to/completesync.sh && chmod 700 /path/to/completesync.sh

Last, modify /etc/sudoers on the destination machine so that syncuser can run both rsync and your script as root:

syncuser ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync, /path/to/completesync.sh

Now running the script on the source machine should complete the whole process in one operation.

symlink

How to create a symlink

How to create a symlink to a file

Here is the basic syntax for creating a symlink to a file in your terminal.

ln -s existing_source_file optional_symbolic_link

You use the ln command to create the links for the files and the -s option to specify that this will be a symbolic link. If you omit the -s option, then a hard link will be created instead.

  • The existing_source_file represents the file you want to create the symbolic link for.
  • The optional_symbolic_link parameter is the name of the symbolic link you want to create. If omitted, then the system will create a new link for you in the current directory you are in.