docs: fix broken install command, unrunnable examples, and stale repo URLs

[AetherAI3]

The documented install command didn't work, and two of the three Python examples crashed when run as written. No library code changed — 137 tests pass.

pip install aether-protocol-c never worked

The package has never been published to PyPI, so the first command a new visitor runs failed:

ERROR: No matching distribution found for aether-protocol-c

It appeared in 4 places across the README and whitepaper. Installs now point at the git URL (verified working, unauthenticated), with an explicit note that PyPI isn't live yet. dist/ already holds a built wheel and sdist, so this can revert to the short form as soon as a release is published.

Two examples couldn't be copy-pasted

• Three-phase protocol — all three create_and_sign calls were written as (...), showing no arguments whatsoever. It also imported get_seed without using it, and claimed each phase "lands in the audit log" when create_and_sign never touches the log — callers must call AuditLog.append_* themselves. Now shows the real flow: full arguments, three independent seeds, broker attestation signing, and explicit log appends.
• Batch commit — used {...} as a placeholder. That's valid Python (a set containing Ellipsis), so it parsed and then died at runtime with AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'keys' — which reads like a library bug, not a placeholder. Now uses real payloads.

Every Python block in README.md and docs/ was extracted and executed against the package: 5/5 pass. The full documented CLI surface was exercised too (info, seed, init, demo, commit, logs, verify), including the tamper-detection contract — a modified envelope correctly exits nonzero.

Stale canonical URLs

18 links pointed at DBarr3/protocol-c, which 301-redirects to the current AetherAI3/PROTOCOL-C. Updated across CITATION.cff, CONTRIBUTING.md, SECURITY.md, docs/WHITEPAPER.md, pyproject.toml, and the README citation block so links and package metadata resolve directly instead of through a redirect.

Follow-ups (not in this PR)

• Publish to PyPI + cut v0.1.0 — there are currently no releases or tags.
• Two public backlinks still point at the old slug (the AETHER-PROTOCOL-P README and the AETHER-CLOUD protocol-c.html page); both live in other repos.