Type adapter workload contracts

[Anionix]

Summary

• replace the adapter manifest workload dict[str, object] boundary with discriminated typed workload declarations
• preserve the operator and scalar types through the runtime WorkloadSpec boundary
• reject missing, unsupported, or non-scalar filter predicates before execution

Evidence

• PYTHONPATH=src /Users/st/Documents/data-format-lab/.venv/bin/pytest tests/test_adapter_contract.py tests/test_workloads.py tests/test_model.py (41 passed)
• uvx ruff check on changed Python/test files (passed)
• uvx pyright (0 errors, 0 warnings)
• independent code-review skill: Standards 0 findings; Spec 0 findings at rebased head 63140f9ac77cb4732819c44d865f421ea310fce5
• base CI race discovered by the prior run was tracked as bug [bug] Serialize run-parent directory creation across parallel lanes #502 and fixed/verified on main by PR Fix parallel run-parent creation race #503 before this rebase
• NO_LEAN: no Lean sources or theorem boundary changed

Fixes #298

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

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