Feat/various improvements

[SuperFola]

Description

• macros are always expanded at compile time and are now separate from runtime functions: len is runtime, $len is compile time
• builtin macros are typechecked at compile time
• added slice builtin

Checklist

• I have read the Contributor guide
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have updated the documentation if needed (on https://github.com/ArkScript-lang/website, content/docs/)
• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature is working
• New and existing tests pass locally with my changes

[github-actions]

Static analysis report

Lizard report

Listing only functions with cyclomatic complexity >= 15 or NLOC >= 100 or parameters >= 6.

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	259:628	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::evaluate	3	338	114
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Slice.cpp	21:93	Ark::internal::Builtins::slice	1	63	34
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	841:932	Ark::internal::Parser::string	1	88	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	179:285	Ark::internal::Node::repr	0	90	30
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	195:299	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileExpression	4	87	29
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	107:191	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::processNode	3	63	28
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	287:368	Ark::internal::Node::debugPrint	1	70	26
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	289:417	Ark::internal::Parser::import_	1	98	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	333:392	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileListInstruction	3	49	22
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	732:784	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleOperator	3	42	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	22:265	Ark::internal::IROptimizer::IROptimizer	1	224	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	16:89	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::applyMacro	2	56	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	459:537	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileFunction	3	56	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	96:112	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::nodeProducesOutput	1	13	15
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	99:156	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::unify	5	50	15

Report about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	408:2086	Ark::VM::safeRun	3	1406	276
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	297:717	Ark::BytecodeReader::display	4	371	113
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	45:192	Ark::Diagnostics::makeContext	4	109	44
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	27:276	JsonCompiler::_compile	1	214	38
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	162:267	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visitKeyword	3	85	35
src/arkscript/main.cpp	23:327	main	2	259	29
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	149:236	Ark::types::generateError	6	75	25
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	32:147	Ark::types::displayContract	6	102	24
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	56:160	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visit	2	83	23
include/utf8.hpp	138:184	utf8::isValid	1	44	21
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	33:83	Ark::internal::Optimizer::countAndPruneDeadCode	1	42	20
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Value.cpp	77:142	Ark::Value::toString	2	52	20
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	503:562	Formatter::formatCall	2	51	19
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.cpp	68:109	Ark::internal::NamespaceScope::get	3	32	19
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2239:2333	Ark::VM::backtrace	3	81	19
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	188:250	Formatter::format	3	59	18
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Predicates.hpp	132:156	Ark::internal::IsSymbol::operator ( )	1	24	16
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	300:341	Formatter::formatFunction	2	35	16
src/arkreactor/VM/Debugger.cpp	146:206	Ark::internal::Debugger::prompt	2	54	15
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	194:211	Ark::Diagnostics::helper	7	17	2

---

CppCheck report

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	254	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	261	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.

Report files about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Line	Type	Description
include/Ark/VM/VM.inl	255	style	Variable 'maybe_value_ptr' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Bytecode.cpp	23	style	Parameter 'vm' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	165	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	477	style	struct member 'Arg::kind' is never used.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/ScopeResolver.cpp	134	style	Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	282	error	Iterators of different containers 'm_execution_contexts.emplace_back(std::make_unique())' and 'm_execution_contexts.front()' are used together.
include/Ark/VM/Value/Future.hpp	50	style	Unused private function: 'Future::deleteSelfViaVM'
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Future.cpp	23	performance	Variable 'm_value' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.

[coveralls]

coverage: 93.567% (+0.1%) from 93.464%
when pulling 94e546d on feat/various-improvements
into 672fb74 on dev.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will degrade performance by 2.7%

⚡ 4 improved benchmarks
❌ 8 (👁 8) regressed benchmarks
✅ 6 untouched benchmarks

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
👁	Welder - Simple - 39 nodes[0]	1.1 ms	1.1 ms	-2.05%
👁	Welder - Big - 665 nodes[2]	49 ms	50 ms	-2.15%
👁	New parser - Medium - 83 nodes[1]	900.8 µs	920 µs	-2.09%
👁	Welder - Bigger[3]	68.9 ms	70.3 ms	-2.06%
👁	New parser - Bigger[3]	41.2 ms	41.6 ms	-1%
👁	New parser - Big - 665 nodes[2]	10.4 ms	10.5 ms	-1.47%
⚡	ackermann	325.3 ms	320.6 ms	+1.47%
⚡	fibonacci	28.7 ms	27.9 ms	+2.8%
👁	New parser - Simple - 39 nodes[0]	362.4 µs	370.4 µs	-2.16%
⚡	binary_trees	4.8 s	4.7 s	+1.17%
👁	Welder - Medium - 83 nodes[1]	2 ms	2.1 ms	-2.7%
⚡	create_closure	4.7 ms	4.6 ms	+1.03%

---

_{Comparing feat/various-improvements (94e546d) with dev (672fb74)}

[github-actions]

Fuzzing report

/usr/local/bin/afl-whatsup status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski

Summary stats

    Fuzzers alive : 0
   Dead or remote : 1 (included in stats)
   Total run time : 5 minutes, 0 seconds
      Total execs : 19 thousands
 Cumulative speed : 65 execs/sec
    Pending items : 0 faves, 1031 total
 Coverage reached : 10.89%
    Crashes saved : 0
      Hangs saved : 0

Cycles without finds : 0
Time without finds : 0

[+] Captured 42734 tuples (map size 237964, highest value 255, total values 366030956) in '/dev/null'.
[+] A coverage of 42734 edges were achieved out of 238016 existing (17.95%) with 1037 input files.