Recreate Debian packaging flow and propose a new binary package split - #1398

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/