[Option Appraisal Module] [Package 1: Measures] Split 3: Adds new base Measure class

[spjuhel]

Changes proposed in this PR:

This PR brings the basis of the refactored Measure class, using closures (functions that return a function) to define the effects of a measure.

Important points:

• Effects are separated by effects on Exposures, effects on Impfset, and on Hazard
• The closures need to accept keyword arguments to enable effects that rely on something else than what the effect is applied on (i.e. year, other part of risk, etc...)
• We always pass the Exposures, Impfset and Hazard objects as kwargs to the closures by default
• We pass user-defined function through an allow_kwargs to make sure closures always accept kwargs.
• Measure instances optionally have a _config attribute that contains a MeasureConfig if the measure was defined from such an object (and is therefore serializable).

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