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Key learner words by language and lemma, not by meaning wording - #66

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desdelinux:fix/7-duplicate-word-senses
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desdelinux:fix/7-duplicate-word-senses

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@desdelinux desdelinux commented Sep 16, 2026

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Learner words are now keyed by language and normalised lemma instead of language|lemma|meaning, on iOS and Android alike. The meaning the model writes no longer takes part in a word's identity, so paraphrases ("a particular form or release of software" / "…of something" / "…of a product") and article variants ("a version" / "version") land on one entry whose recall bars add up the evidence of every former duplicate. Normalisation is NFC after lowercasing, collapsed Unicode whitespace, and a leading article stripped per language through a new lemmaPrefixes field on LanguageModule (a/an/the; el/la/los/las/un/una/unos/unas; l'/un' elisions; French partitives; the Norwegian infinitive marker å; none for Mandarin). The displayed lemma and meaning keep coming from the latest observation.

Existing archives need no migration: LearningEngine.project recomputes keys from the raw assessments, so duplicates merge on the next projection and nothing stored is rewritten. Legacy hiddenWords still carry the meaning as a third segment; project normalises those the same way, while ids stored after this change are used as projected. Hiding a word now hides all of its wordings. Homographs within one language ("bank" river / money) share an entry; that trade-off is accepted over duplicating every paraphrase.

Closes #7

Relation to #64: same identity model (language|normalised lemma, keys recomputed at projection), opened independently the same day; the differences are the ones listed in my review there — article lists scoped per language instead of one global list (so as well, i dag, a veces keep their first word), NFC applied after lowercasing, legacy hidden keys converted only at projection instead of rewritten on decode, Unicode whitespace collapsed, and tests per language on both platforms plus a duplicate-"version" session in the shared fixture. The assessment-prompt sentence asking for one stable sense per lemma is adopted from #64.

Before / after on Android (main 60bd6d3 vs this branch, same seeded archive: four "version" observations across three conversations, two paraphrased senses each for "a version" and "version"):

Before — word list Before — search "version" After — word list After — search "version"

The merged entry still reads "Fragile" because its last recall is older than the four-day interval; strength decay is unchanged.

Validation:

  • Android: 347 unit tests, lint (0 errors) and debug build passed; new EvidenceTest cases cover paraphrase merging, article/case/spacing normalisation per language, indefinite plurals, partitives and elided un', NFC after lowercasing, Unicode whitespace, legacy and current hidden keys, and hiding a projected id without touching a neighbouring word.
  • iOS Core: 86 tests passed with swift test on a Linux Swift 6.2 toolchain (the four CryptoKit/CoreFoundation-only files — ManagedAccountProtocol, MandarinPinyin and their tests — could not run there and rely on the macOS CI job). The same cases as Android are mirrored in LearningTests.
  • The shared cross-platform fixture gained a session with "a version" and "version" under two senses and expects one en|version entry, so both cores are held to the same merge.
  • Screenshots come from the API 35 emulator with the archive seeded into learning.json; no live provider request was made. iOS screenshots are not included: no macOS machine was available.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • Vocabulary entries now group consistently across meanings, capitalization, spacing, Unicode forms, and language-specific articles or infinitive markers.
    • Existing hidden-word selections remain compatible with current and legacy vocabulary formats.
  • Improvements

    • Learning guidance now encourages one stable English sense per lemma, helping reduce duplicate entries.
    • Cross-platform vocabulary and learning data now use a simplified lemma-based format.
    • Language configurations now support article and infinitive-marker recognition across supported languages.

After a couple of conversations the word list held "version" four times:
"a version" with three paraphrased senses and "version" once, each with
its own recall bars. Word identity included the model-written meaning,
so any paraphrase or article change created a new word.

A word is now keyed by language plus a normalised lemma: NFC, lowercase,
collapsed whitespace, and a leading article stripped per language
(`lemmaPrefixes` on each LanguageModule: a/an/the, el/la/…, l', the
Norwegian infinitive marker å, none for Mandarin). The meaning no longer
takes part in identity; the displayed meaning and lemma keep coming from
the latest observation.

Because LearningEngine.project recomputes keys from the raw assessments,
existing archives merge on the next projection with no migration: the
observations of every former duplicate now feed one entry, so recall
days and contexts add up instead of being split. Stored hiddenWords may
still carry the meaning as a third segment; project normalises them the
same way, so words hidden before this change stay hidden and hiding a
word now hides all of its wordings.

Homographs within a language ("bank" river / money) now share an entry;
that trade-off is accepted over duplicating every paraphrase.

The shared cross-platform fixture gains a session with "a version" and
"version" under two senses, and expects one `en|version` entry, so both
cores are held to the same merge. Existing expectations that spelled
the old three-segment key are updated.

Closes Chuloo#7
Keying words by lemma already merges paraphrased meanings, but the
meaning shown for a word is the one from its latest observation, so it
could still flip wording between conversations. The assessment prompt
now asks the model to reuse one stable sense for the same lemma and not
to vary articles, on iOS and Android alike. Sentence adopted from Chuloo#64.
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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 692c73d and c1262bf.

📒 Files selected for processing (4)
  • apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/Languages.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/test/java/chat/mural/core/EvidenceTest.kt
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/German.swift
  • apps/ios/Tests/LearningTests.swift
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (4)
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/German.swift
  • apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/Languages.kt
  • apps/ios/Tests/LearningTests.swift
  • apps/android/app/src/test/java/chat/mural/core/EvidenceTest.kt

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The Android and iOS clients now use normalized, language-scoped lemma keys without meanings. Language modules define removable lemma prefixes. Hidden-word filtering supports legacy keys, and tests and fixtures validate grouped evidence and stable senses.

Changes

Vocabulary key normalization

Layer / File(s) Summary
Language prefix configuration
apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/Languages.kt, apps/ios/Core/Languages/*, scripts/export_android_content.py, scripts/tests/test_export_android_content.py
Language modules define lemmaPrefixes. The Android exporter transfers and validates this field from Swift modules.
Lemma-based key generation
apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/Models.kt, apps/ios/Core/Models.swift, apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/LearningEngine.kt, apps/ios/Core/LearningEngine.swift
Word keys now normalize language and lemma values, remove configured prefixes, omit meanings, and support legacy hidden-word keys.
Stable evidence and validation
apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/TeachingPolicy.kt, apps/ios/Core/TeachingPolicy.swift, apps/android/app/src/test/java/chat/mural/core/*, apps/ios/Tests/*
Assessment prompts request one stable sense per lemma. Tests cover aggregation, article removal, Unicode normalization, hiding, migration, and prompt text.
Cross-platform archive fixtures
shared/fixtures/cross-platform/archive.json, shared/fixtures/cross-platform/archive-expected.json
The fixtures add a work session and update learner state and word identifiers to the lemma-only format.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Assessment
  participant WordProposal
  participant LearningEngine
  participant Archive
  Assessment->>WordProposal: provide lemma and meaning
  WordProposal->>WordProposal: normalize lemma and build lemma-only key
  LearningEngine->>WordProposal: derive keys for projected evidence
  LearningEngine->>Archive: store grouped word evidence
  LearningEngine->>LearningEngine: normalize legacy hidden keys
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Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to c1262

The vocabulary-key change has no confirmed merge-blocking regression in the inspected cross-platform paths.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 5.66% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 53 functions across 23 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: learner words are keyed by language and normalized lemma instead of meaning wording.
Description check ✅ Passed The description provides a detailed summary, verification results for Android and iOS, cross-platform fixture updates, and remaining platform limitations. It does not reproduce the Checklist heading o…
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Issue #7 requires identity by language and normalized lemma, consistent article handling, archive merging with retained learning evidence, and matching Android and iOS behavior. The PR changes both `W…
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed The language metadata, prompt guidance, key changes, archive projection changes, exporter updates, compatibility handling, and tests directly support issue #7. The shared duplicate-version fixture v…
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Android's Languages.kt is generated from the Swift language files by
scripts/export_android_content.py, and CI's contracts job checks the
two never drift. The generator only knew the string fields plus
teachingFocus and themeOverrides, so the lemmaPrefixes array added for
word keys made the check fail and had been copied into Languages.kt by
hand.

The generator now treats lemmaPrefixes as a structured field: when the
Swift struct declares it, every module must define it and the Kotlin
module gets the same listOf(...), Mandarin's being empty. Languages.kt
is regenerated from the script, which is the same content as before
with the field emitted in the generator's argument order.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@apps/ios/Core/Languages/German.swift`:
- Line 10: Update German lemmaPrefixes in the German language definitions to
include den, dem, des, einen, einem, einer, and eines alongside the existing
articles; regenerate Android’s Languages.kt from the shared definitions and
extend the iOS WordProposal.key and Android wordKey tests to verify these forms
produce the same vocabulary key.

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📒 Files selected for processing (25)
  • apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/Languages.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/LearningEngine.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/Models.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/main/java/chat/mural/core/TeachingPolicy.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/test/java/chat/mural/core/CoreTest.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/test/java/chat/mural/core/EvidenceTest.kt
  • apps/android/app/src/test/java/chat/mural/core/UnicodeEquivalenceTest.kt
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/English.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/French.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/German.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/Italian.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/LanguageModule.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/Mandarin.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/Norwegian.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/Portuguese.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Languages/Spanish.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/LearningEngine.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/Models.swift
  • apps/ios/Core/TeachingPolicy.swift
  • apps/ios/Tests/LanguageTests.swift
  • apps/ios/Tests/LearningTests.swift
  • scripts/export_android_content.py
  • scripts/tests/test_export_android_content.py
  • shared/fixtures/cross-platform/archive-expected.json
  • shared/fixtures/cross-platform/archive.json

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Comment thread apps/ios/Core/Languages/German.swift Outdated
German lemmas are asked for in the nominative, but a lemma that arrives
as "den Hund" or "einem Freund" would still key apart from "der Hund"
and "ein Freund". The German prefix list now covers the accusative,
dative and genitive forms of the definite and indefinite article; none
of them starts a German dictionary word, so nothing else is affected.
Languages.kt is regenerated from the Swift module.
@desdelinux

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swift-core is red here only because of VoiceConnectionRecoveryTests.testBriefHandoffRecoversAndLaterDisconnectFailsOnce (XCTAssertEqual failed: ("0") is not equal to ("1"), line 14). It looks timing-sensitive rather than related to this change:

  • The job passed on this PR's first run (88ec49f) and failed on the next two (692c73d, c1262bf). Those commits only touch scripts/export_android_content.py, the generated Languages.kt and the German prefix list, none of which reach VoiceConnectionRecovery.
  • The same assertion fails on Key vocabulary by normalized lemma, not paraphrased meaning #64 and on fix/34-prompt-api-key-after-onboarding, and passes on main.
  • The test waits 70 ms for a 40 ms timer, so a loaded macOS runner can miss the deadline.

I can't re-run the job without admin rights on the repository. Could you re-run swift-core, or treat it as a known flake? Everything else (android, emulator, contracts, server, gitleaks, release-files) is green.

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The same word is stored several times with paraphrased meanings

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