Add native local-first capture pipeline

[Clearner1]

Summary

• persist native iOS memo/Q&A captures locally and show them immediately
• add a durable Mac SQLite capture outbox with 202 acknowledgement and restart-safe worker states
• preserve native Ankimo deck/model active-card semantics and exact Anki read-back
• keep existing Web AI API and AnkiConnect routes unchanged

Validation

• Mac PR Add durable native capture outbox #41 merged to codex after CI passed
• server/API focused tests: 19 + 4 passed locally; source strict TypeScript and ESLint passed
• iOS: 24/24 XCTest on iOS 26.5 simulator and generic iOS build passed

Release gate

The protected Caddy/mTLS route and real iPhone acceptance are coordinated after this PR. No deployment configuration is included here.