🌾 BHOOMI-SETU AI (भू-अभिलेख सेतु)

AI-Powered Intelligent Land Record Digitization, Validation & Cadastral GIS Suite

Smart India Hackathon (SIH) Prototype • DILRMP & Digital India Compliant

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📌 1. Project Overview

In India, land records (such as Khatauni, Khasra, Maharashtra 7/12 Satbara, Tamil Nadu Patta-Chitta, Telangana Pahani/Adangal, and Jamabandi) span over a century of historical archives across 22+ official languages and regional scripts. Millions of legacy records suffer from physical paper deterioration, ink fading, complex handwritten annotations, non-standardized surveying units, and unindexed mutation registers.

BHOOMI-SETU AI is an end-to-end intelligent platform engineered to automate the ingestion, enhancement, multilingual OCR extraction, automated business rule validation, spatial cadastral linking, and blockchain-grade audit tracking of legacy land records.

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📊 2. Scope of Study Table

Dimension / Aspect	Baseline Manual / Legacy Process	BHOOMI-SETU AI Automated Solution	Expected Impact & SIH Benchmark
Document Ingestion & Degradation	Manual scanning with uncompressed PDFs; unreadable faded text, page skew, and noise.	Multi-stage CV enhancement pipeline (Sauvola/Otsu binarization, deskewing, noise reduction, ink stroke recovery).	90%+ reduction in document rejection rate due to scan quality.
Multilingual & Multi-Script OCR	Dependent on regional linguists; severe bottlenecks for archaic Urdu, Modi, Devanagari, and Dravidian scripts.	Unified OCR Engine supporting Hindi, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Bengali, Urdu, and English.	High Character Recognition Rate (CRR) on printed records and handwritten entries.
Information Extraction & Structuring	Manual typing taking 15–25 mins per record with 8–12% typographical human errors.	Bhoomi Indic OCR Pipeline extracting 25+ standardized DILRMP revenue fields with bounding boxes in <3s.	Streamlined workflow reducing per-record transcription time.
Validation & Cross-Verification	Manual cross-checking against old mutation registers; frequently misses plot area summation errors and duplicate survey allotments.	Automated 10-point rule engine: plot area math balance check, mutation sequence verification, duplicate Khasra alert, and govt/forest land check.	Deterministic detection of mathematical area discrepancies and duplicate title claims.
Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) Workflow	Disconnected manual spreadsheets and paper stamps with zero visual linkage to the original document location.	Split-screen visual verification studio with direct bounding-box highlighting and confidence scoring (<70% flagged in Red).	Full traceability of edits and operator corrections.
Active Learning & Retraining	Human corrections are lost in siloed databases; AI models remain static without ongoing improvement.	Active learning feedback loop where Tehsildar corrections automatically feed retraining queues with drift analytics.	Continuous improvement loop based on verified corrections.
GIS & Cadastral Map Integration	Textual records stored separately from cadastral maps; tedious manual reconciliation for land disputes.	Synchronized GIS Cadastral Map viewer with Khasra polygon overlays, satellite layers, and parcel split/merge visualizer.	Seamless text-to-spatial linking aligned with DILRMP guidelines.
Security, RBAC & Audit Trail	Susceptible to unauthorized record alterations and undocumented ledger tampering.	Multi-tier RBAC (Operator, Patwari, Tehsildar, Admin, Citizen) with SHA-256 cryptographic audit logs.	Cryptographic auditability meeting national e-Governance security standards.

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🛠️ 3. Suggested Components-Wise Technology Table

System Component	Technology / Stack	Key Responsibilities & Capabilities
Frontend UI / UX & Visualization	React 18 + TypeScript + Vite + Tailwind CSS + Lucide Icons	Ultra-responsive, modern glassmorphic interface, dark/light theme, interactive split-pane document viewer, real-time analytics dashboards.
Interactive GIS & Cadastral Mapping	Leaflet + GeoJSON + OpenStreetMap / Satellite Tiles	Geospatial visualization of Khasra parcels, plot coordinate inspection, land-use zoning layers, and mutation parcel boundary simulator.
Document Image Pre-processing	HTML5 Canvas 2D API + Pixel Vision Algorithms	Client-side and server-ready deskewing, Otsu/Sauvola adaptive thresholding, gamma correction, noise reduction, and zoom magnifier lens.
OCR & Vision Extraction Engine	Bhoomi Indic OCR Pipeline	Multi-lingual optical character recognition with pixel bounding-box coordinates, confidence score computation, and text bounding polygons.
NLP Entity Extraction & Classification	Rule-Based NER + Layout-Aware Parsers + RegEx Tokenizers	Automated structuring of Khasra/Khata/Survey numbers, owner names, share proportions, mutation numbers, encumbrances, and area units.
Validation & Business Rule Engine	TypeScript Rule Validation Engine	Automated checksums, area summation validations (Hectare/Acre/Bigha conversion), duplicate detection, and encroachment alerts.
State Management & Mock Engine	React Context + Web Crypto API	Real-time state synchronization between document bounding boxes, form fields, audit logs, and persistent sample datasets.
Integration & API Gateway	RESTful API Explorer + OpenAPI/Swagger Mock Engine + DILRMP Exporter	DILRMP XML/JSON export, DigiLocker payload generator, PM-KISAN sync bridge, and interactive API test sandbox.
Security, RBAC & Audit Trail	Web Crypto API (SHA-256) + Role-Based Context Provider	Cryptographic block chaining for append-only history, role switching (Operator, Patwari, Tehsildar, Admin, Citizen), and digital signatures.

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🚀 4. Key Interactive Modules in the Prototype

1. 🏛️ Executive Command Center Dashboard

• Live KPI Metrics: Tracking of evaluation records digitized, character recognition accuracy, statutory auto-rule validation pass rate, pending Patwari reviews, and append-only audit blocks.
• State-Wise Modernization Heatmap: Interactive progress tracking for 8 major Indian states (UP, Maharashtra, MP, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat, Bihar).
• Inference Pipeline Monitor: Vision transformer latency, handwritten vs. printed CRR, and multilingual distribution.

2. 🔍 AI Document Ingestion & Vision Pre-Processing Studio

• Real-Time Image Filters:
  • Skew Angle Correction slider (-10° to +10°)
  • Sauvola / Otsu Adaptive Binarization (0 to 255)
  • Contrast & Gamma Booster (0 to 100%)
  • Noise & Artifact Smoothing (0 to 100%)
  • Faded Ink Stroke Recovery toggle
  • Suppress Revenue Stamp Clutter toggle
• Live Before / After Canvas Comparison: Side-by-side or overlay view showing raw scanned vs. restored document.

3. ⚖️ Dual-Pane HITL Verification Studio

• Left Pane (Document Canvas Viewer):
  • High-resolution canvas rendering authentic scanned revenue records.
  • Color-coded interactive bounding boxes: Green (>90% High), Amber (70-89% Med), and Red (<70% Low/Disputed).
  • Pan, Zoom (30% to 300%), Rotate 90°, Color Invert, and Reset View.
  • Hover / Click Synchronization: Hovering a bounding box highlights the field; clicking a box selects the corresponding input field in the right pane.
• Right Pane (Structured DILRMP Form):
  • Administrative Hierarchy: State, District, Tehsil, Village.
  • Land Identifiers: Khata No, Khasra No, Land Classification.
  • Universal Area Converter: Instant auto-conversion between Hectares, Acres, Bigha (Pucca), Biswa, Guntha, Sq. Meters, and Sq. Feet.
  • Co-Owners Table with Live Math Share Validator: Checks if the sum of co-owner fractions equals 100.00%. If mismatched (e.g. 125%), displays an alert with a one-click "Auto-Normalize" button.
  • Mutation & Encumbrance Details: Past transfers, bank loan liens, and guideline market value.
  • Role-Aware Sign-Off Actions: Patwari field verification, Tehsildar NIC digital signing, and dispute flagging.

4. 🗺️ Cadastral GIS Map & Bhuvan Spatial Inspector

• Interactive Leaflet Cadastral Map: Visualizes vectorized Khasra parcel polygons (Khasra 342/1, 342/2, 118/3, 184/2A).
• Layer Toggle: High-res Satellite Imagery vs. Cadastral Vector mode.
• Plot Details Drawer: Displays owner name, plot area, soil quality, land use, irrigation status, and legal dispute alerts.
• Parcel Subdivision / Mutation Simulator: Interactive tool to simulate partition deeds (split Khasra into 2, 3, or 4 sub-parcels with automatic recalculation of sub-areas).

5. 🧠 AI Active Learning & Continuous Model Retraining

• Real-time Token Correction Buffer capturing Patwari/Tehsildar transcriptions.
• Confusion Matrix Preview for regional scripts (४ vs ५, ८ vs ३).
• Accuracy Progression Trend across training epochs.
• "Trigger Active Retrain Cycle" button to simulate model fine-tuning with immediate CRR accuracy improvement.

6. 🌐 DILRMP / LRMS Hub & Open REST API Sandbox

• Interactive Swagger-style REST API testing console:
  • POST /api/v1/ocr/extract
  • POST /api/v1/records/validate
  • GET /api/v1/cadastral/khasra
  • POST /api/v1/lrms/sync
• One-click copy for DILRMP National XML Schema and JSON-LD.
• DigiLocker RoR verification bridge preview.

7. 🔗 Immutable Blockchain Audit Trail

• Chronological timeline of cryptographically chained SHA-256 blocks for every action (Upload -> OCR -> Patwari Verification -> Tehsildar Digital Signature -> DILRMP Sync).
• 100% tamper-evident chain integrity validation.

8. 👥 Citizen Public RoR Portal

• Citizen search by District, Village, Khasra No, or Landowner Name.
• Instant preview of certified Record of Rights (RoR).
• Download / Print certified copy with digital signature stamps and verification QR codes.

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📂 5. Preloaded Authentic Multilingual Sample Records

The prototype includes 5 authentic preloaded sample records ready for live evaluation:

1. Uttar Pradesh Khatauni (Hindi):

   • Village: Bhaupur, Tehsil: Mohanlalganj, District: Lucknow
   • Khata: 00142, Khasra: 342/1, Area: 1.4500 Ha
   • Owners: Ramesh Chandra Sharma (50%) & Suresh Kumar Sharma (50%)
   • Status: Clean title with SBI agricultural KCC lien.

2. Maharashtra Satbara 7/12 Extract (Marathi):

   • Village: Paud, Taluka: Mulshi, District: Pune
   • Gat No: 184/2A, Khata: 78, Area: 0.8200 Ha (82 Gunthe)
   • Owners: Ananda Tukaram Patil (2/3) & Eknath Tukaram Patil (1/3)
   • Status: Partition mutation registered; Bank of Maharashtra lien.

3. Tamil Nadu Patta / Chitta (Tamil):

   • Village: Nemmeli, Taluk: Thiruporur, District: Chengalpattu
   • Patta: 1408, Survey: 205/3B, Area: 0.4047 Ha (1.00 Acre)
   • Owner: S. Murugesan Pillai (100%)
   • Status: Approved by Tehsildar; Non-encumbered clear title.

4. Telangana Pahani / Adangal (Telugu):

   • Village: Mamidipally, Mandal: Shamshabad, District: Ranga Reddy
   • Khata: 512, Sy. No: 89/A, Area: 2.1000 Ha (5.18 Acres)
   • Owner: Venkateswara Rao (100%)
   • Status: Synced to Central Dharani LRMS database.

5. Historical Jamabandi Record (Hindi/Urdu - Disputed Sample):

   • Village: Kalyanpur, Tehsil: Bilaspur, District: Rampur
   • Khata: 00512, Khasra: 118/3, Area: 2.5000 Ha
   • Dispute 1: Co-owner shares sum to 125.00% (75% + 50%) — triggers AI Mathematical Discrepancy Alert.
   • Dispute 2: Active Civil Court stay order (SDM/BLS/CIVIL/2023/184) — triggers Legal Injunction Flag.
   • Demonstrates: Low OCR confidence (<70%), automated rule rejection, and the one-click "Auto-Normalize" tool!

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💻 6. Local Setup & Execution Guide

Prerequisites

• Node.js v18+ (tested on Node v24.19)
• npm v9+

Steps to Run

# 1. Clone or navigate to the project directory
cd "SIH Prototype"

# 2. Install dependencies
npm install

# 3. Start the Vite development server
npm run dev

# 4. Open in browser
http://localhost:5173/

Production Build Verification

npm run build

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🎬 7. Recommended SIH Hackathon Demo Flow

1. Introduction & Command Center:
   • Start on Executive Command Center. Showcase the real-time KPI cards and the State-Wise Modernization Heatmap.
2. Document Ingestion & Preprocessing:
   • Switch to Document Ingestion. Select a sample record (e.g., UP Khatauni). Adjust the Deskew and Sauvola Binarization sliders to demonstrate real-time image restoration.
3. Dual-Pane HITL Verification Studio:
   • Switch to HITL Verification.
   • Hover over bounding boxes on the left document canvas to show the synchronized highlighting.
   • Select the Rampur Disputed Sample (Khasra 118/3) to demonstrate the 125% Share Ratio Discrepancy Alert.
   • Click "Auto-Normalize" to show how the AI rule engine resolves the discrepancy instantly!
   • Switch Role to Tehsildar in the top bar and click "Digitally Sign & Approve (NIC e-Sign)".
4. Cadastral GIS Map:
   • Switch to Cadastral GIS Map. Toggle between Satellite Overlay and Cadastral Vector.
   • Click a parcel polygon to inspect details and launch the Subdivision / Mutation Simulator to partition a Khasra into sub-plots.
5. AI Active Learning:
   • Switch to AI Active Learning. Show the token correction buffer, confusion matrix, and click "Trigger Active Retrain Cycle" to show accuracy increase.
6. DILRMP REST APIs & Audit Trail:
   • Open DILRMP / LRMS Hub to execute live API endpoints and export DILRMP XML.
   • Open Audit & Blockchain to showcase the 100% validated SHA-256 immutable block log.
7. Citizen Portal:
   • Open Citizen RoR Portal to search records and download a certified Record of Rights with digital signature and QR code.

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📜 8. License & Standards Compliance

• Compliant with Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) guidelines.
• Compliant with Information Technology Act 2000 (Section 65B) for electronic land record certification.
• Developed for Smart India Hackathon (SIH).