Arthur Samuel's 1959 self-learning checkers AI — Vercel enhanced version.
- Score tracker across multiple games
- 3 visual themes: IBM Red, Noir, Wood
- Particle burst on captures and wins
- Hint system (asks the AI what it would play)
- Last move highlight on board
- Persistent scores via session state
- 9-ply depth option for maximum difficulty
- Watch mode: see Samuel's Alpha vs Beta self-play loop live
Arthur Samuel coined "machine learning" in 1959. His checkers program on the IBM 701 was the first AI to improve by playing against itself — the Alpha/Beta self-play loop that directly inspired DeepMind's AlphaGo (2016).