🌐 [translation-sync] New lecture: Fitting Distributions to Data

[mmcky]

Automated Translation Sync

This PR contains automated translations from QuantEcon/lecture-python-intro.

Source PR

#814 - New lecture: Fitting Distributions to Data

Files Added

• ✅ lectures/fitting_distributions.md
• ✅ .translate/state/fitting_distributions.md.yml

Files Updated

• ✏️ lectures/_toc.yml

Details

• Source Language: en
• Target Language: zh-cn
• Model: claude-sonnet-5

---

This PR was created automatically by the translation action.

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[github-actions]

✅ Translation Quality Review

Verdict: PASS | Model: claude-sonnet-5 | Date: 2026-08-10
Routing: editor — 1 minor finding(s) in gating categories (accuracy/terminology/syntax/diff-check/other)
Shadow gate: would NOT auto-merge (recorded only; no action taken)

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📝 Translation Quality

Criterion	Score
Accuracy	9/10
Fluency	9/10
Terminology	9/10
Formatting	9/10
Overall	9/10

Summary: 译文整体质量很高，准确传达了原文的统计学和概率论概念，术语使用规范一致，格式和代码块保留完整，未发现语法错误。仅有少量措辞可进一步优化，但均为风格性建议，不影响理解或专业准确性。 术语翻译准确一致，如'矩方法'、'科尔莫戈罗夫-斯米尔诺夫统计量'、'Q-Q 图'等均符合术语表规范 数学公式、代码块与 MyST 指令格式完整保留，未出现语法错误 长句拆分处理得当，专业内容（如矩方法推导、Q-Q 图原理、学生 t 分布拟合等）表达清晰准确 中英文之间、行内指令之间均正确使用了全角标点与空格，符合语言规范要求

Suggestions:

• [minor · accuracy] lectures/fitting_distributions.md — ## 选择参数类, '对数正态分布胜出，伽马分布位居第二，正态分布则远远落后于第三。': 英文原句 'the normal a distant third' 意为正态分布远远落后（作为第三名），译文'正态分布则远远落后于第三'语义略有偏移，读起来像是'落后于第三名'而非'远远落后地排在第三名'，容易引起歧义。 → 对数正态分布胜出，伽马分布位居第二，正态分布则远远落在第三位。
• [minor · fluency] lectures/fitting_distributions.md — ## 计数数据, '这些正是泊松分布产生所需要的条件。': 此句翻译稍显生硬，英文原句 'Those are exactly the conditions under which the Poisson distribution arises' 更自然的表达是'正是在这些条件下，泊松分布才会出现'。 → 泊松分布正是在这些条件下产生的。
• [nit · fluency] lectures/fitting_distributions.md — ### 一个尾部更重的候选者, '然后方差 $\nu \sigma^2 / (\nu - 2)$ 便确定了尺度参数。': 略微生硬，但含义准确，可以更自然地表达为'再由方差...确定尺度参数'，不影响理解，属风格建议。 → 再由方差 $\nu \sigma^2 / (\nu - 2)$ 确定尺度参数。

---

🔍 Diff Quality

Check	Status
Scope Correct	✅
Position Correct	✅
Structure Preserved	✅
Heading-map Correct	✅
Overall	10/10

Summary: Scope, position, and structure are correctly preserved, but the heading-map keys do not follow the expected slugified-ID convention.

Issues:

• Heading map keys use raw English heading text (e.g., 'Outline', 'The method of moments') instead of slugified IDs (e.g., 'outline', 'the-method-of-moments') as described in the translation metadata system convention

---

This review was generated automatically by action-translation review mode.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR syncs in a newly translated zh-cn lecture on fitting probability distributions to data, and wires it into the book structure via the TOC and translation state tracking.

Changes:

• Added new lecture: lectures/fitting_distributions.md
• Updated the book TOC to include the new lecture (and other chapter entries)
• Added translation sync state metadata for the new lecture

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

File	Description
lectures/fitting_distributions.md	New translated lecture content + code/figures for distribution fitting (currently contains unresolved cross-doc references and several non-localized figure labels/captions).
lectures/_toc.yml	Updates navigation; currently adds several non-existent chapters and switches multiple captions to English, which is inconsistent with zh-cn and may break the build.
.translate/state/fitting_distributions.md.yml	Records translation sync metadata for the new lecture.

Suppressed comments (15)

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:165

• 该图的 figure caption 仍为英文（本仓库中文讲义的图题通常使用中文），建议翻译以保持本地化一致性。

    caption: Three fitted densities for house prices

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:170

• 图例标签目前是英文分布名（normal/lognormal/gamma）。中文讲义中图例通常也做本地化（例如 prob_dist.md 使用“男性/女性”等），建议将这些 label 翻译为中文以提升可读性。

fits = {'normal': fit_normal(price),
        'lognormal': fit_lognormal(price),
        'gamma': fit_gamma(price)}

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:179

• 坐标轴标签仍为英文（sale price / density）。考虑到该仓库为 zh-cn 译本且其它讲义普遍使用中文轴标签，建议翻译为中文以保持一致。

ax.set_xlabel('sale price (US$)')
ax.set_ylabel('density')

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:242

• Q-Q 图函数的坐标轴标签仍为英文（fitted/sample quantiles）。为了与中文讲义整体风格一致，建议将标签翻译为中文。

    ax.set_xlabel('fitted quantiles')
    ax.set_ylabel('sample quantiles')

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:253

• 该图的 figure caption 仍为英文，建议翻译为中文以保持本地化一致性。

    caption: Female heights against a fitted normal

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:274

• 该图的 figure caption 仍为英文，建议翻译为中文以保持本地化一致性。

    caption: House prices against a fitted normal

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:297

• 该图的 figure caption 仍为英文，建议翻译为中文以保持本地化一致性。

    caption: Log house prices against a normal

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:348

• 该图的 figure caption 仍为英文，建议翻译为中文以保持本地化一致性。

    caption: Largest gap between ECDF and CDF

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:364

• 该图中的图例标签仍为英文（fitted normal CDF / largest gap）。为中文译本读者，建议翻译这些标签；必要时可保留缩写 ECDF。

ax.step(x_sorted, np.arange(1, n+1) / n, where='post', lw=2, label='ECDF')
x_grid = np.linspace(x_sorted[0], x_sorted[-1], 200)
ax.plot(x_grid, u.cdf(x_grid), 'k--', lw=2, alpha=0.7, label='fitted normal CDF')
ax.vlines(x_sorted[i], F[i], (i+1) / n, color='C3', lw=3, label='largest gap')

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:366

• 该图坐标轴标签仍为英文（log of sale price / probability），建议翻译为中文以保持与其它讲义一致。

ax.set_xlabel('log of sale price')
ax.set_ylabel('probability')

lectures/_toc.yml:41

• _toc.yml 新增了 observed_distributions 章节，但仓库中不存在对应文件（lectures/observed_distributions.md）。这会导致构建失败；同时 fitting_distributions.md 也多处引用该页面。建议本 PR 同步补齐该讲义文件，或先移除该条目并统一修正引用。

  - file: observed_distributions

lectures/_toc.yml:52

• _toc.yml 新增了 msy_fishery 章节，但仓库中不存在对应文件（lectures/msy_fishery.md）。这会导致 Jupyter Book 构建失败。建议在同步加入该讲义文件前先移除该条目，或在本 PR 一并补充文件。

  - file: msy_fishery

lectures/_toc.yml:92

• _toc.yml 新增了 bayes_intro 章节，但仓库中不存在对应文件（lectures/bayes_intro.md）。这会导致 Jupyter Book 构建失败。建议在同步加入该讲义文件前先移除该条目，或在本 PR 一并补充文件。

  - file: bayes_intro

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:423

• 该图坐标轴标签仍为英文（sale price / probability）。为保持中文译本一致性，建议翻译为中文。

ax.set_xlabel('sale price (US$)')
ax.set_ylabel('probability')

lectures/fitting_distributions.md:508

• 该图的图例与坐标轴标签仍为英文（observed frequency / fitted Poisson / goals per match / probability）。建议翻译为中文以保持讲义本地化一致。

ax.bar(counts.index, frequencies, alpha=0.4, label='observed frequency')
ax.plot(S, u.pmf(S), linestyle='', marker='o', color='C1', label='fitted Poisson')
ax.vlines(S, 0, u.pmf(S), lw=0.5, color='C1')
ax.set_xlabel('goals per match')
ax.set_ylabel('probability')

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[mmcky]

⚠️ Do not merge as-is — same caption revert as #278.

This PR's lectures/_toc.yml also reverts the 14 localised Chinese part captions to English. Full context, the field precedent on the sibling edition, and the durable fix are on #278; the engine issue is QuantEcon/action-translation#254.

Restore the Chinese captions on this branch before merging. Note also that #279 sits behind #278 in the dependency chain — its build fails with 8× unknown document: 'observed_distributions' until #278 lands.

[mmcky]

♻️ Automatically rebased after #278 was merged.

Overlapping files: lectures/_toc.yml

The translation content is preserved; only unchanged sections were updated to match the current main branch. Please re-review if needed.

[github-actions]

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