Project Euler

https://projecteuler.net/about

Project Euler problems are a fun and enlightening way to learn both math and programming languages. Publishing code or solutions destroys the purpose of PE, so this is limited to sharing basic mathematical or programming theory that can shed some light to the problems. I've linked some of the articles I have come across and listed problems they could be relevant for. They are mostly Wikipedia articles.

Search for a problem number and see if you are lucky!

My current progress:

• Alternating Permutation

  • Problem 709: "Even Stevens"

• Berlekamp-Massey Algorithm

• Bernoulli Trial

  • Problem 267: "Billionaire"

• Bertrand's Ballot Theorem

  • Problem 739: "Summation of Summations"

• Bezier Curve

  • Problem 363: "Bezier curves"

• Binary Search

  • Problem 793: "Median of Products"

• Binomial Coefficient

  • Problem 203: "Squarefree Binomial Coefficients"
  • Problem 158: "Exploring strings for which only one character comes lexicographically after its neighbour to the left"
  • Problem 231: "The prime factorisation of binomial coefficients"
  • Problem 788: "Dominating Numbers"

• Bitwise Xor

  • Problem 81: "XOR-Primes"

• Blum Blum Shub

• Catalan Number

• Closest pair of points problem

  • Problem 816: Shortest distance among points

• Coupon Collector's Problem

  • Problem 724: "Drone Delivery"

• Chinese Remainder Theorem

  • Problem 134: "Prime pair connection"
  • Problem 271: "Modular Cubes, part 1"
  • Problem 451: "Modular inverses"
  • Problem 531: "Chinese leftovers"

• Cyclic Number

  • Problem 358: "Cyclic numbers"

• Cycloid

  • Problem 525: "Rolling ellipse"

• Decimal Representation

  • Problem 183: "Maximum product of parts"

• Descartes Theorem

  • Problem 199: "Iterative Circle Packing"
  • Problem 510: "Tangent Circles"
  • Problem 727: "Triangle of Circular Arcs"

• Dijkstra's Algorithm

  • Problem 83: "Path sum, four ways"
  • Problem 353: "Risky moon"

• Diophantine Equation

  • Problem 100: "Arranged probability"
  • Problem 157: "Solving the diophantine equation 1/a+1/b= p/10n"

• Dirichlet Hyperbola Method

  • Problem 944: "Sum of Elevisors"

• Disjoint-set Data Structure

  • Problem 186: "Connectedness of a network"

• Divisibility Rule

  • Problem 491: "Double pandigital number divisible by 11"

• Divisor Function

  • Problem 211: "Divisor Square Sum"
  • Problem 429: "Sum of squares of unitary divisors"
  • Problem 501: "Eight Divisors"
  • Problem 561: "Divisor Pairs"

• Double-ended queue

  • Problem 485: "Maximum number of divisors"

• Dynamic Programming

  • Problem 178: "Step Numbers"
  • Problem 191: "Prize Strings"
  • Problem 215: "Crack-free Walls"
  • Problem 249: "Prime Subset Sums"
  • Problem 250: "250250"
  • Problem 329: "Prime Frog"
  • Problem 679: "Freefarea"
  • Problem 706: "3-Like Numbers"

• Eisenstein Triple

  • Problem 195: "Inscribed circles of triangles with one angle of 60 degrees"

• Euclidean Algorithm

  • Problem 700: "Eulercoin"

• Euler Numbers

• Faulhaber's Formula

• Fenwick Tree

  • Problem 733: "Ascending subsequences"

• Fibonacci Numbers

  • Problem 2: "Even Fibonacci numbers"
  • Problem 104: "Pandigital Fibonacci ends"
  • Problem 230: "Fibonacci words"
  • Problem 662: "Fibonacci Paths"

• Fractal

  • Problem 395: "Pythagorean tree"

• Gamma Function

• Gaussian Integer

  • Problem 153: "Investigating Gaussian Integers"

• Generating Function

  • Problem 137: "Fibonacci golden nuggets"
  • Problem 140: "Modified Fibonacci golden nuggets"
  • Problem 618: "Numbers with a given prime factor sum"

• Geometric Series

  • Problem 518: "Prime triples and geometric sequences"

• Goldbach's Conjecture

  • Problem 543: "Prime-Sum Numbers"

• Heron's Formula

  • Problem 102: "Triangle containment"

• Hungarian Algorithm

  • Problem 345: "Matrix sum"

• Inclusion-exclusion Principle

  • Problem 657: "Incomplete words"
  • Problem 754: "Product of Gauss Factorials"

• Incomplete gamma function

  • Problem 697: "Randomly Decaying Sequence"

• Independence (Probability Theory)

  • Problem 213: "Flea Circus"

• Interpolation

  • Problem 101: "Optimum polynomial"

• [Intersection (Euclidean Geometry)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection_(Euclidean_geometry)

  • Problem 165: "Intersections"

• Kruskal's Algorithm

  • Problem 107: "Minimal network"

• Lagrange Multiplier

  • Problem 190: "Maximising a weighted product"

• Lambert Series

  • Problem 722: "Slowly converging series"

• Langton's Ant

  • Problem 349: "Langton's Ant"

• Lucas Number

  • Problem 209: "Circular Logic"

• Lucas Theorem

  • Problem 365: "A huge binomial coefficient"

• Maximum subarray problem

  • Problem 213: "Searching for a maximum-sum subsequence"

• McCarthy 91 function

  • Problem 555: "McCarthy 91 function"

• Memoization

  • Problem 738: "Counting Ordered Factorisations"
  • Problem 884: "Removing Cubes"

• Mobius Function

  • Problem 193: "Squarefree Numbers"
  • Problem 787: "Bezout's Game"
  • Problem 634: "Numbers of the Form "a^2b^3"

• Modular Exponentiation

  • Problem 304: "Primonacci"

• Multinomial Coefficient

  • Problem 113: "Non-bouncy numbers"
  • Problem 885: "Sorted Digits"

• Multiplciation Algorithm

  • Problem 168: "Number Rotations"

• Multiplicative Function

  • Problem 675: "2^w(n)"

• Nim

  • Problem 301: "Nim"

• P-adic order

  • Problem 712: "Exponent Difference"

• Partitions

  • Problem 76: "Counting Summations"
  • Problem 77: "Prime summations"
  • Problem 78: "Coin partitions"
  • Problem 181: "Investigating in how many ways objects of two different colours can be grouped"
  • Problem 333: "Special partitions"
  • Problem 772: "Balanceable k-bounded partitions"

• Pascal's Triangle

  • Proble, 148: "Exploring Pascal's triangle"

• Pell's Equation

  • Problem 321: "Swapping Counters"

• Pick's Theorem

  • Problem 504: "Square on the Inside"

• Pisano Period

  • Problem 853: "Pisano Periods 1"

• Primality Test

  • Problem 146: "Investigating a Prime Pattern"

• Prime-Counting Function

  • Problem 609: "Pi sequences"

• Primitive Root Modulo n

  • Problem 421: "Prime factors of n^15+1"

• Probability Density Function

  • Problem 394: "Eating pie"

• Pythagorean Triple

  • Problem 138: "Special isosceles triangles"
  • Problem 139: "Pythagorean tiles"
  • Problem 142: "Perfect Square Collection"
  • Problem 176: "Common Cathetus Right-angled Triangles"
  • Problem 218: "Perfect right-angled triangles"
  • Problem 764: "Asymmetric Diophantine Equation"

• Random Sums of Random Variables

  • Problem 389: "Platonic Dice"

• Recurrence Relation

  • Problem 258: "A lagged Fibonacci sequence"
  • Problem 710: "One Million Members"
  • Problem 440: "GCD and Tiling"
  • Problem 435: "Polynomials of Fibonacci numbers"

• Recursion

  • Problem 118: "Pandigital prime sets"
  • Problem 152: "Writing 1/2 as a sum of inverse squares"
  • Problem 265: "Binary Circles"

• Refraction

  • Problem 607: "Marsh Crossing"

• Repeating decimal

  • Problem 26: "Reciprocal cycles"
  • Problem 417: "Reciprocal cycles II"

• Repunit

  • Problem 129: "Repunit divisibility"
  • Problem 130: "Composites with prime repunit property"
  • Problem 132: "Large repunit factors"
  • Problem 132 "Repunit nonfactors"

• Riffle Shuffle

  • Problem 622: "Riffle Shuffles".

• RSA

  • Problem 182: "RSA encryption"

• Set Cover Problem

  • Problem 838: "Not Coprime"

• Sieve of Eratosthenes

  • Problem 196: "Prime triplets"

• Solid of Revolution

  • Problem 449: "Chocolate covered candy"

• Square Pyramidal Number

  • Problem 401: "Sum of squares of divisors"

• Specular Reflection

  • Problem 144: "Investigating multiple reflections of a laser beam"
  • Problem 202: "Laserbeam"

• Sprage-Grundy thorem

  • Problem 961: "Removing Digits"

• Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind

• Stoneham Number

  • Problem 731: "A Stoneham Number"

• Stormer's Theorem

  • Problem 581: "47-smooth Triangular Numbers"

• Sum of Squares

  • Problem 233: "Lattice points on a circle"

• Symmetric Polynomial

• Tonelli-Shanks Algorithm

  • Problem 216: "Investigating the primality of numbers of the form 2n^2-1"
  • Problem 659: "Largest prime"

• Totient Function

  • Problem 69: "Totient maximum"
  • Problem 70: "Totient permutation"
  • Problem 214: "Totient chains"
  • Problem 243: "Resilience"
  • Problem 351: "Hexagonal orchards"
  • Problem 512: "Sums of totients of powers"
  • Problem 516: "5-smooth totients"
  • Problem 643: "2-Friendly"

• Trailing Zero

  • Problem 160: "Factorial trailing digits"

• Triangle

  • Problem 914: "Triangles inside Circles"

• Trinomial expansion

  • Problem 154: "Exploring Pascal's pyramid"

• Turan graph

  • Problem 713: "Turan's water heating system"

• Vieta's Formulas

  • Problem 479: "Roots on the Rise"

• Zeckendorf's Theorem

  • Problem 297: "Zeckendorf Representation"
  • Problem 366: "Stone Game III"
  • Problem 755: "Not Zeckendorf"