SkipKV: Selectively Skip KV Generation and Storage for Efficient Inference with Large Reasoning Models.

Unlike previous token eviction methods, SkipKV:

• Maintains high-accuracy, low-memory reasoning in multi-batch scenarios,
• Reduces both kv memory and genenration length for reasoning efficiency.

🔥 News

• 🚀 [25/03/07] Code released!
• 🚀 [25/11/05] We are excited to announce SkipKV, a decoding-time KV-cache compression technique designed for efficient reasoning-model inference.

⚙️ Setup

Install Dependencies

Use the following command to install the minimal required dependencies:

pip install -r requirements.txt

🚀 Quick Start

Before running the scripts, you need to build the skipkv package:

pip install -e .

Use the following command to run R1-like models with SkipKV on math benchmarks:

bash run.sh # gsm8k, math-500, aime24
bash run_code.sh # LiveCodeBench with evaluation

To evaluate benchmark results, simply run:

bash examples/eval.sh # gsm8k, math-500, aime24

The results will be saved in the outputs directory.

📊 Visualization

We implement visualization functions to help illustrate the multi-step token eviction pattern.

Run analysis_scripts/analysis.ipynb to see which tokens are kept at each compression step.

💡 Motivations

• Observation 1: With KV eviction, reasoning accuracy drops in multi-batch decoding compared to that with single-batch.
• Observation 2: At reduced KV budget the total generation length often increases compared to that without any KV compression.
• Observation 3: Token-level eviction often causes fragmented removal of words, leading the LRM to overthink.
• Observation 4: Both correct and incorrect reasoning responses generate highly similar sentences with the later scenario usually generating higher % of similar sentences.
• Observation 5: Incorrect response generate significantly higher % of non-execution thoughts compared to the correct ones.

🧠 Overview

SkipKV - a training-free KV compression method for selective eviction and generation operating at a coarse-grained sentence-level sequence removal for efficient CoT reasoning.

In multi-batch decoding scenrio:

• 15 % cache → 100 % accuracy
• 20 % cache → 107 % accuracy
  
• 25 % cache → 114 % accuracy
  
• 9.6 × throughput during long CoT generation
• Consistent wins over all prior token eviction baselines (H2O, R-KV) on MATH-500, AIME-24, LiveCodeBench

🔍 SkipKV: Methodology

• Skip KV Storage: Sentence Redundancy Driven Cumulative Score.
• Skip KV Generation: Sentence-Function-based Dynamic Steering of Latent Representation during Decoding.
• Mutli-batch Serving: Exaggerate effective KV Cache Size for KV Eviction via Batch Grouping.

🧪 Experimental Setup

Models

Model	Checkpoint
R1-Llama-8B	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B
R1-Qwen-7B	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B
R1-Qwen-14B	deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B

Datasets

Benchmark	Max gen len
GSM8K	8 192
MATH-500	16 384
AIME 2024	16 384
LiveCodeBench	10 000

Baselines

• FullKV – no compression, upper-bound quality.
• H2O – Preious token eviction method for long-context tasks.
• R-KV – Recent token eviction method for reasoning tasks; strong single-batch performance but fails under multi-batch decoding.

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📈 Results (Pass@1)

Main Accuracy Curves

Model	Dataset	Lossless @ Ratio	Lossless @ Fixed tokens
R1-Qwen-7B	LiveCodeBench	28 %	2 000
R1-Qwen-7B	AIME-24	20 %	2 000
R1-Qwen-14B	LiveCodeBench	15 %	2 000
R1-Qwen-14B	AIME-24	15 %	1 536

🧮 Generation Length Curves

Model	Dataset	Max Reduced Generation Length
R1-Qwen-7B	MATH-500	15%
R1-Qwen-7B	AIME-24	28%
R1-Qwen-7B	LiveCodeBench	7%

🔍 SkipKV vs R-KV: Token-Selection Comparison

The figure below shows which tokens are picked by R-KV (left) and the pure-attention baseline SkipKV (right).
Grey = not selected  |  Light orange → Dark red = selected tokens (deeper red = chosen by more attention heads)

Key Findings:

• Reduced Overthinking: In the selected example, both methods produce the correct final answer; however, SkipKV (3 revalidations) generates approximately 20% fewer tokens than R-KV (5 revalidations).
• More Consistent Reasoning Path: - R-KV’s redundancy-based scoring often removes critical numerical tokens, disrupting logical coherence and prolonging generation. In contrast, SkipKV’s sentence-level, semantics-aware eviction preserves essential reasoning steps, maintaining a more consistent and concise reasoning trajectory.

🙏 Citation & Acknowledgement

@article{tian2025skipkv,
  title={SkipKV: Selective Skipping of KV Generation and Storage for Efficient Inference with Large Reasoning Models},
  author={Tian, Jiayi and Azizi, Seyedarmin and Zhao, Yequan and Potraghloo, Erfan Baghaei and McPherson, Sean and Sridhar, Sharath Nittur and Wang, Zhengyang and Zhang, Zheng and Pedram, Massoud and Kundu, Souvik},
  journal={MLSys},
  year={2026}
}

Our release code is developed based on R-KV and SEAL.