A Collection of C++ Scientific Calculators to Teach Myself Different Physics Concepts I Find Interesting; As well as apply my C++ Programming knowledge practically.
Special relativity is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:
The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.
The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.
The speed of light is always constant, and the laws of physics are invariant (identical) no matter how these laws are being applied; they simply don't change.
Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity, a consequence of special relativity, or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations due to gravitational time dilation.
Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding up as the gravitational potential increases (the clock moving away from the source of gravitation). Albert Einstein originally predicted this in his theory of relativity, and it has since been confirmed by tests of general relativity.
An actual difference of how elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at rest on earth and a space traveler traveling at a high velocity in space. The higher the velocity (the closer the vehicle is to the speed of light), the slower time passes, speeding up as the velocity decreases. Albert Einstein originally predicted this in his theory of relativity, and it has since been confirmed by tests of general relativity.
Length contraction is the phenomenon that a moving object's length is measured to be shorter than its proper length, which is the length as measured in the object's own rest frame. It is also known as Lorentz contraction or Lorentz–FitzGerald contraction (after Hendrik Lorentz and George Francis FitzGerald) and is usually only noticeable at a substantial fraction of the speed of light. Length contraction is only measured in the direction in which the body is travelling. For normal objects, this effect is negligible at everyday speeds, and can be ignored for all regular purposes, only becoming significant as the object approaches the speed of light relative to the observer.
In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is
Refers to the internal heat flow or total thermal energy radiated and produced by a planet.
In celestial mechanics, escape velocity or escape speed is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from contact with or orbit of a primary body, assuming:
Ballistic trajectory: no other forces are acting on the object, such as propulsion and friction No other gravity-producing objects exist.
Although the term escape velocity is common, it is more accurately described as a speed than as a velocity because it is independent of direction.
A planet's magnetic field is an invisible force field that surrounds the celestial body, extending from its interior out into space. Most of them are generated deep inside the planet by an internal "dynamo" (generates and maintain global magnetic fields through the motion of electrically conducting fluids inside planetary cores.). Without it, Earth wouldn't have protection from solar winds and cosmic radiation. Scientists also believe a strong magnetic field is crucial for protecting surface life and keeping a planet habitable over billions of years. For example, Earth has a strong magnetic field and supports life, while Mars lost its global magnetic field long ago and became a barren desert. It also allows compasses to align with magnetic north, helping humans and animals navigate across the globe.