Final Project - Python OOP & Module Organization

Overview

This project demonstrates object-oriented programming (OOP) principles by organizing multiple tasks into reusable Python modules. Each task is solved using classes, inheritance, and proper design patterns, with a Jupyter notebook that imports and tests these modules.

Project Structure

project/
├── Final project.ipynb       # Main notebook with task demonstrations
├── README.md                 # This file
└── python/                   # Python modules directory
    ├── banking.py           # Task-1: BankAccount class
    ├── calculators.py       # Task-2: Calculator classes
    ├── animals.py           # Task-3: Abstract Animal class
    ├── file_processing.py   # Task-4, Task-5, Task-6: File handling & word frequency
    └── hospital_system.py   # Task-7: Hospital Management System

Tasks Overview

Task-1: BankAccount Class (banking.py)

Objective: Manage a bank account with deposits, withdrawals, and balance checking.

Features:

• BankAccount class with __init__, deposit(), withdraw(), check_balance()
• Input validation for negative amounts
• Real-time balance updates

Usage:

from banking import BankAccount
account = BankAccount(1000)
account.deposit(500)
account.withdraw(200)
print(account.check_balance())  # 1300

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Task-2: Calculator Classes (calculators.py)

Objective: Convert calculator functions into reusable class methods with inheritance.

Classes:

• Calculator: Basic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide)
• AdvancedCalculator: Extends Calculator with power, modulus, square_root

Usage:

from calculators import Calculator, AdvancedCalculator
calc = Calculator()
print(calc.add(10, 5))  # 15

adv = AdvancedCalculator()
print(adv.power(2, 8))    # 256
print(adv.square_root(16)) # 4.0

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Task-3: Abstract Animal Classes (animals.py)

Objective: Demonstrate abstract base classes and polymorphism.

Classes:

• Animal: Abstract base class with abstract method make_sound() and concrete describe()
• Dog, Cat, Cow: Concrete subclasses implementing make_sound()

Usage:

from animals import Dog, Cat, Cow
dog = Dog("Buddy", "Dog")
print(dog.describe())          # This is a Dog named Buddy
print(dog.make_sound())        # Woof! Woof!

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Task-4: TextFileReader Class (file_processing.py)

Objective: Encapsulate file reading and text analysis functionality.

Features:

• TextFileReader class with methods:
  • read_file(): Load file contents
  • count_lines(): Count lines
  • count_words(): Count words
  • count_characters(): Count characters
  • display_content(): Print file content

Usage:

from file_processing import TextFileReader
reader = TextFileReader("test.txt")
if reader.read_file():
    print(f"Lines: {reader.count_lines()}")
    print(f"Words: {reader.count_words()}")
    reader.display_content()

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Task-5: Word Frequency Counter (file_processing.py)

Objective: Find unique words and count their frequency.

Function:

• count_word_frequency(words_list): Returns dictionary with word counts

Usage:

from file_processing import count_word_frequency
words = ["Ali", "Hi", "Ali", "Hi", "Ali"]
freq = count_word_frequency(words)
print(freq)  # {'Ali': 3, 'Hi': 2}

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Task-6: UserExtractor Class (file_processing.py)

Objective: Extract and manage usernames from username:password files.

Function & Class:

• read_txt_file(file_path): Read file with error handling
• UserExtractor: Extract usernames from formatted file
  • extract_usernames(): Parse username:password format
  • display_usernames(): Print extracted users

Usage:

from file_processing import read_txt_file, UserExtractor
extractor = UserExtractor("users.txt")
print(extractor.extract_usernames())
extractor.display_usernames()

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Task-7: Hospital Management System (hospital_system.py)

Objective: Model a hospital with departments, staff, and patients using OOP.

Classes:

• Person (ABC): Base class for staff and patients
• Patient: Extends Person with patient ID and medical record
• Staff: Extends Person with staff ID and position
• Department: Manages patients and staff
• Hospital: Manages departments

Usage:

from hospital_system import Hospital, Department, Staff, Patient

hospital = Hospital("City General Hospital", "Downtown")
dept = Department("Cardiology")

doctor = Staff("Dr. Ahmed", 45, "S001", "Cardiologist")
patient = Patient("John Smith", 55, "P001", "Heart Disease")

dept.add_staff(doctor)
dept.add_patient(patient)
hospital.add_department(dept)

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Running the Project

Option 1: Run the Jupyter Notebook

jupyter notebook "Final project.ipynb"

The notebook will:

1. Set up the Python path to locate modules
2. Import and test each task sequentially
3. Display output for verification

Option 2: Run Individual Modules

cd project/python
python -c "from banking import BankAccount; acc = BankAccount(1000); acc.deposit(500); print(acc.check_balance())"

Key Design Patterns

✅ Object-Oriented Design: Classes with __init__, methods, and inheritance
✅ Abstract Base Classes: Used for Animal and Person hierarchies
✅ Encapsulation: Private/protected data and public methods
✅ Polymorphism: Subclasses override parent methods
✅ Error Handling: Try-except blocks for file operations
✅ Modularity: Separate .py files for each task

Requirements

• Python 3.7+
• Jupyter Notebook (for running the .ipynb file)
• Standard library only (no external dependencies)

File Details

File	Lines	Classes	Functions
banking.py	~30	1	-
calculators.py	~20	2	-
animals.py	~25	4	-
file_processing.py	~50	2	2
hospital_system.py	~40	5	-
Total	~165	14	2

Testing

Each task is tested in the Jupyter notebook with sample data:

• Task-1: Create account, deposit/withdraw
• Task-2: Basic and advanced calculations
• Task-3: Create animals and call methods
• Task-4: Read and analyze a test file
• Task-5: Count word frequencies
• Task-6: Extract usernames from file
• Task-7: Create hospital with departments and staff

Author Notes

This project demonstrates:

• Proper code organization into modules
• Reusable class design
• Inheritance and polymorphism
• Error handling best practices
• Clean separation of concerns

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Last Updated: February 8, 2026
Status: ✅ Complete and Ready