A simple python module for computing minimal Winograd convolution algorithms for use with convolutional neural networks as proposed in [1].
pip install wincnn
- Python >= 3.8
- SymPy >= 1.9
For F(m,r) you must select m+r-2 polynomial interpolation points.
In this example we compute transforms for F(2,3) or F(2x2,3x3) using polynomial interpolation points (0,1,-1).
$ python3
>>> import wincnn
>>> wincnn.showCookToomFilter((0,1,-1), 2, 3)
AT =
⎡1 1 1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 -1 1⎦
G =
⎡ 1 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/2 1/2 1/2⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/2 -1/2 1/2⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 1 ⎦
BT =
⎡1 0 -1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 -1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 -1 0 1⎦
AT*((G*g)(BT*d)) =
⎡d[0]⋅g[0] + d[1]⋅g[1] + d[2]⋅g[2]⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣d[1]⋅g[0] + d[2]⋅g[1] + d[3]⋅g[2]⎦
The last matrix is the 1D convolution F(2,3) computed using the transforms AT, G, and BT, on 4 element signal d[0..3] and 3 element filter g[0..2], and serves to verify the correctness of the transforms. This is a symbolic computation, so the result should be exact.
The following example computes transforms for F(4,3).
>>> wincnn.showCookToomFilter((0,1,-1,2,-2), 4, 3)
AT =
⎡1 1 1 1 1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 -1 2 -2 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 1 4 4 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 -1 8 -8 1⎦
G =
⎡1/4 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢-1/6 -1/6 -1/6⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢-1/6 1/6 -1/6⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/24 1/12 1/6 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/24 -1/12 1/6 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 1 ⎦
BT =
⎡4 0 -5 0 1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 -4 -4 1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 4 -4 -1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 -2 -1 2 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 2 -1 -2 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 4 0 -5 0 1⎦
AT*((G*g)(BT*d)) =
⎡d[0]⋅g[0] + d[1]⋅g[1] + d[2]⋅g[2]⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[1]⋅g[0] + d[2]⋅g[1] + d[3]⋅g[2]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[2]⋅g[0] + d[3]⋅g[1] + d[4]⋅g[2]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣d[3]⋅g[0] + d[4]⋅g[1] + d[5]⋅g[2]⎦
If instead of an FIR filter you want the algorithm for linear convolution, all you have to do is exchange and transpose the data and inverse transform matrices. This is referred to as the Transfomation Principle.
>>> wincnn.showCookToomConvolution((0,1,-1),2,3)
A =
⎡1 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢1 1 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1 -1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 ⎦
G =
⎡ 1 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/2 1/2 1/2⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/2 -1/2 1/2⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 1 ⎦
B =
⎡1 0 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 -1 -1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢-1 1 1 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 0 1 ⎦
Linear Convolution: B*((G*g)(A*d)) =
⎡ d[0]⋅g[0] ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[0]⋅g[1] + d[1]⋅g[0]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[0]⋅g[2] + d[1]⋅g[1]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ d[1]⋅g[2] ⎦
This example computes transform for F(6,3). We will use fraction interpolation points 1/2 and -1/2, so we use sympy.Rational in order to keep the symbolic computation exact (using floating point values would make the derivation of the transforms subject to rounding error).
>>> from sympy import Rational
>>> wincnn.showCookToomFilter((0,1,-1,2,-2,Rational(1,2),-Rational(1,2)), 6, 3)
AT =
⎡1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 -1 2 -2 1/2 -1/2 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 1 4 4 1/4 1/4 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 -1 8 -8 1/8 -1/8 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 1 16 16 1/16 1/16 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 -1 32 -32 1/32 -1/32 1⎦
G =
⎡ 1 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢-2/9 -2/9 -2/9⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢-2/9 2/9 -2/9⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/90 1/45 2/45⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢1/90 -1/45 2/45⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 32 16 ⎥
⎢ ── ── 8/45⎥
⎢ 45 45 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 32 -16 ⎥
⎢ ── ──── 8/45⎥
⎢ 45 45 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 1 ⎦
BT =
⎡1 0 -21/4 0 21/4 0 -1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1 1 -17/4 -17/4 1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 -1 1 17/4 -17/4 -1 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 1/2 1/4 -5/2 -5/4 2 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 -1/2 1/4 5/2 -5/4 -2 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 2 4 -5/2 -5 1/2 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 -2 4 5/2 -5 -1/2 1 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 -1 0 21/4 0 -21/4 0 1⎦
AT*((G*g)(BT*d)) =
⎡d[0]⋅g[0] + d[1]⋅g[1] + d[2]⋅g[2]⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[1]⋅g[0] + d[2]⋅g[1] + d[3]⋅g[2]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[2]⋅g[0] + d[3]⋅g[1] + d[4]⋅g[2]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[3]⋅g[0] + d[4]⋅g[1] + d[5]⋅g[2]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢d[4]⋅g[0] + d[5]⋅g[1] + d[6]⋅g[2]⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣d[5]⋅g[0] + d[6]⋅g[1] + d[7]⋅g[2]⎦
If you use wincnn in your research, please cite the software:
@software{lavin_wincnn,
author = {Lavin, Andrew},
title = {wincnn},
year = {2016},
version = {2.0.1},
url = {https://github.com/andravin/wincnn},
license = {Apache-2.0}
}[1] "Fast Algorithms for Convolutional Neural Networks" Lavin and Gray, CVPR 2016. http://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Lavin_Fast_Algorithms_for_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf